• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2019

Objective: Adriamycin (ADR) is an important anti-cancer drug which can cause renal toxicity. Given the known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Plantago major (P. major), the aim of this study was to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of P. major on ADR- induced nephropathy in rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including: control, ADR (5 mg/kg), ADR + P. major (600 and 1200 mg/kg) and P. major (1200 mg/kg). The animals were treated with P. major extract for 5 consecutive weeks and ADR was intravenously injected on the 7th day of the study. Urine and serum samples were collected on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35 for the measurement of serum cholesterol and albumin levels and urine protein excretion rate. At the end of the study, the left kidneys were removed for apoptosis assessment. Results: Administration of ADR significantly decreased serum albumin level and increased serum cholesterol and urine protein excretion rate as well as, apoptotic cell numbers compared to the control group (P < 0.001) while had no effect on glomerular filtration rate (P > 0.05). Treatment with P. major, in both 600 and 1200 mg/kg doses, increased serum albumin level and decreased serum cholesterol concentration, urine protein excretion rate and as well as the number of apoptotic cell compared to the ADR group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed that the P. major extract effectively protects against ADR- induced nephropathy by reducing kidney apoptosis and improving renal functioning in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2001

Objective : The present study was carried out to determine if Juglandis Semen Aquacupuncture(JSA) exerts beneficial effect against the urine concentrating defect induced by glycerol injection in rabbits. Methods : In order to test the effect of JSA, rabbits were acupunctured with $0.5m{\ell}$ of 1%JSA for 7days at both sides of $Sh{\grave{e}}ns{\bar{u}}$(BL23) before the glycerol injection. The other animals were pretreated with an equal volume of saline instead of JSA. Results : The urine flow was reduced, but the urine osmolality was significantly lower than the basal period in glycerol-injected animals, indicating that glycerol causes the urine concentrating defect. The fractional excretion of Na and K was increased in glycerol-treated animals. The Free-water clearance and fractional water excretion(V/GFR) were increased in animals treated with glycerol. Conclusion : These results indicate that glycerol injection resulted an impairment in the urine concentrating ability in rabbits. Such changes were prevented by JSA. JSA may be used as a method to treat and prevent glycerol-induced acute renal failure.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.113-129
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• 2002

The present study designed to investigate whether hwangryunhaedok-tang show an anti-hypertensive effect and elucidate its possible mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The systolic blood pressures (SBP) were significantly decreased as an oral administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with their control group. The urine volume was significantly increased by administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang but urinary sodium (UNaV), potassium (UKV), chloride excretion (UCIV) were not remarkably affected. The urinary creatinine excretion rate (UcrV) was significantly increased in rats administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang in association with increase of creatinine clearance (Ccr). The urine osmolality (Uosmol) was significantly decreased in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang without being changed in solute-free water reabsorption ( TcH20). The expressions of Aquaporin 2 (AQP-2). 3 and ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na.K-ATPase were determined by Western blot analysis to assess the role of these proteins in association with changes of renal functions in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang. The expression of AQP-2 and 3 protein was significantly down-regulated in the kidney of SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with those in control rats without being altered expression of ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na,K-ATPase. In the in vitro assay, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was inhibited by hwangryunhaedok-tang in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine and/or palmatine, which are well known as a main components of hwangryunhaedok-tang, also have an ACE inhibitory effects in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that hwangryunhaedok-tang lowered blood pressure through the increase of diuresis caused by down-regulation of water channels and the inhibition of Angiotensin converting enzyme.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1990

Pentobarbital 마취한 정상혈압 및 신성 고혈압 흰쥐에서 calcium channel 봉쇄 약물 nifedipine과 atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)의 상호작용을 조사하였다. 정상혈압 흰쥐에서 nifedipine$(1.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min)$ 또는 ANP(60 ng/kg/min)의 주입은 각각 유의하게 혈압을 내렸으며 두 약물의 동시 주입시에 개별적으로 주입하였을 때보다 그 혈압내림의 정도가 더욱 컸다. Nifedipine은 단독 주입하였을 때에 신기능에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 ANP와 동시에 주입하였을 때에는 ANP의 요량 및 Na 배설 증가 효과를 항진시켰다. 한편 고혈압 흰쥐에서도 ANP의 혈압내림효과와 신장효과는 nifedipine과 함께 주입하였을 때에 더 컸다. 적출 흉부대동맥 표본을 phenylephrine으로 미리 수축시킨 후 ANP를 첨가하면 용량의존 이완반응을 보였고 nifedipine 존재하에서 더 예민하였다. 이상의 실험결과는 calcium channel 봉쇄약물이 ANP의 혈압내림효과를 항진시킴을 보인 것이며 그 기전으로 요중 배설 증가 및 혈관이완효과 증가 등이 관여함을 시사하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2003

The present study was aimed to investigate whether ethanol-extract of Allium wageki has an ameliorative effect on the renal function in high fructose-diet induced hypertensive rats .. The urine osmolality (Uosmol) was decreased in rats with high fructose-diet (60%) during the whole experiment period without change of the urine volume (UV). The urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) and chloride (UCIV) were decrease significantly in rats with fructose-induced hypertensive rats, whereas urinary excretion of potassium (UKV) was Increased. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) and solute-free water reabsorption were also decreased by treatment of fructose-rich diet. Among these renal functional parameters, Ccr was partially restored by the administration of ethanol-extract of Allium wageki. The Uosmol was also partially restored by the administration ethanol-extract of Allium wageki at the end of the experimental period. Taken together, ethanol-extract of Allium wageki has the ameliorative effect on glomerular filtration rate in rats with high fructose-diet induced hypertension.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.212-221
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• 1996

The aim of this experiment was to elucidate the effects of Saseuptang water extract on the renal function plasma renin activity and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone in rat The results were as follows; 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, 0.4 and 0.8ml/kg. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.4\;m{\ell}/kg$. 3. Urinary excretion of chloride increased significantly after the administration of Saseupthang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 4. Free water clearance increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 6. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreased significantly after administration of Saseupthang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. These results suggest that the changes of urine volume after the administration of Saseuptang water extracts are related to the increments of glomerular filtration rate and free water clearance, and it is suggested that the changes of renal function by which Saseuotang may related to the renin-angiotensin and atrial natriuretic peptide system.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

연근의 에탄올 추출물이 과당 유도 고혈압 백서의 신장 기능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 뇨량과 전해질 배설량, 혈장의 creatinine, creatinine 청소율, 자유-수분 재흡수량 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 연근은 과당 유도 고혈압 백서에서 나타나는 전해질 배설량의 변화를 개선시키는 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났고 단지 삼투질 농도의 배설량에만 약간의 개선 효과를 보였다. 신장의 가장 중요한 기능중 하나는 여과 기능이고 이를 나타내는 지표는 사구체 여과율인데, 고혈압 백서에서 혈장내 creatinine 농도가 증가하였고, creatinie 청소율이 크게 억제되었으나 연근추출물 투여 후 사구체 여과율의 감소가 회복되었다. 그러므로 연근은 과당으로 유도된 고혈압 흰쥐의 사구체 여과율을 개선시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2002

목적 : 만성신부전은 신장에 병적 손상이 있어 지속적으로 신기능이 저하되어 말기신부전에 이르게 된다. 만성신부전의 진행을 지연시킬 수 있는 인자 중 혈압조절이 중요한 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 부분 신절제를 이용하여 만성신부전을 유발시킨 후 항고혈압제로 enalapril과 nicardipine을 투여하여 만성신부전의 진행에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 백서에서 5/6 신절제술로 만성신부전을 유발시킨 후 무작위로 대조군, enalapril 투여군(E군), nicardipine 투여군(N군)으로 나누어 4주 간격으로 꼬리 동맥압을 측정하고 12주째 24시간 소변 단백량과 creatinine배설량, 혈청 creatinine을 측정한 후 희생시켜 신조직을 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 사구체의 형태학적 소견을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1. 신절제 후 대조군은 지속적으로 혈압이 증가하였으나 E군과 N군에서는 정상 혈압이 유지되었다. 2. 12주째 E군에서 요단백량은 대조군과 N군에 비하여 유의하게 적었다. 3. 12주째 조사한 신장의 형태계측학적 검사에서 E군과 N군 모두에서 mesangium의 증식이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 적었으나 사구체 용적은 E군에서만 대조군에 비하여 적었다. 4. 대조군, E군, N군간의 상피세표 족돌기의 형태학적 변화의 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 부분 신절제로 유발한 만성신부전 백서에서 enalapril, nicardipine 모두 고혈압을 예방하였으나 enalpril 투여군에서 단백뇨의 감소와 신병변 발생 예방 효과가 우수하였으며, 상피세포 족돌기의 변화에는 차이가 없었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1986

중추 dopamine(DA)계가 신장기능 조절에 관여하고 있으며 뇌실내로 DA를 투여하면 norepinephrine(NE)처럼 항이뇨와 항Na 배설을 초래함이 보고된 바 있고, 중추 DA작용에 있어서 adrenergic system이 관여한다는 많은 시사가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는alpha-2 adrenocopter 차단제인 yohimbine이 측뇌실내 DA의 신장작용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 관찰하였다. Yohimbine $100\;{\mu}g/kg$을 가토측뇌실내로 투여시(icv) 신혈류 및 사구체 여과율의 감소와 함께 현저한 항이뇨 및 Na 배설감소를 초래하였으며, DA $15\;{\mu}g/kg$ icv 역시 항이뇨를 초래하였으나 yohimbine 전 처치후에는 뇨량 및 Na배설의 증가를 초래하였다. 양을 더올려 $150\;{\mu}g/kg$의 DA를 yohimbine 전처치 가토에 투여하면 3배 이상의 Na배설 증가와 함께 현저한 이뇨작용이 나타났으며 이 작용은 약 20분간 지속되었다. 이때 신혈류 역학은 일부 개선되었다. 다른 DA agonist인 apomorphine은 $100\;{\mu}g/kg$ icv로 현저한 이뇨와 Na 배설증가를 나타내며 신혈류역학도 개선하였으나, yohimbine은 이같은 apomoiphine작용을 차단하지 못하였다. NE $10\;{\mu}g/kg$ icv도 항이뇨 작용을 나타냈으나 yohimbine 전처치에 의하여 차단되지 아니하였다. 이 연구결과로, 중추 DA의 신장작용은 NE처럼 단순하지 않고, 이뇨작용은 신혈류역학의 감퇴에 기인한 항이노작용에 의해 은폐되어 있으며, yohimbine은 DA의 항이뇨작용은 차단하나 이뇨작용에는 영향을 미치지 못하며, DA의 항이뇨작용이 지양될때에만 이뇨작용이 발현됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 중추를 통한 DA의 신장작용에는 adrenergic system이 관여하지 않은 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2006

A study was conducted to predict the rumen microbial protein production based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in buffaloes fed a diet of wheat straw and concentrate (40:60) at four fixed levels of feed intake. (95, 80, 60 and 40% of preliminary voluntary feed intake) following experimental protocol of IAEA (Phase I). The buffaloes were allocated according to a $4{\times}4$ latin square design. The urinary allantoin, uric acid, total PD excretion (mmol/d) in treatments L-95, L-80, L-60 and L-40 was 20.13, 16.00, 12.96 and 9.17; 1.88, 2.12, 2.11 and 2.15; 22.01, 18.12, 15.07 and 11.32, respectively and were significantly (p<0.05) different among treatments except for uric acid. The rate of PD excretion (mmol/d) was positively correlated with the digestible organic matter intake. Variations were observed in PD and creatinine concentration in spot samples collected at 6-hour interval. However, daily PD:Creatinine ratio (PDC index) appears to be a reasonably good predictor of microbial-N supply. The contribution of basal purine excretion to total excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was determined in pre-fasting period followed by a fasting period of 6 d (Phase II). Daily PD and creatinine excretion (mmol/kg $W^{0.75}$) during fasting averaged 0.117 and 0.456 respectively for buffaloes. The excretion rates of PD decreased significantly (p<0.01) during fasting compare to pre-fasting period, the urinary creatinine excretion remained almost similar. Except for creatinine, plasma concentration of target parameters significantly (p<0.01) declined during fasting. Likewise, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal clearance of allantoin and uric acid also decreased. Based on the PD excretion rates during fasting and at different levels of feed intake obtained in this study, a relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y-mmol) and microbial purine absorption (X-mmol) was developed for buffaloes as Y = 0.74X+0.117 kg $W^{0.75}$. The microbial N supply (g/kg DOMI) remained statistically similar irrespective of dietary treatment. The results showed that excretion of urinary purine derivatives is positively correlated with the levels of feed intake in Murrah buffaloes and thus, estimation of urinary purine derivatives and PDC index could be used to determine microbial nitrogen supply when there is large variation in level of feed intake.