• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2010

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the possibility of AR for chronic renal injury. Methods : The author first investigated the expression levels of DNA by inducing of chronic renal injury. Then, the author investigated the effects of AR on chronic renal injury induced by combination treatment with Adriamycin and cisplatin in terms of changes in body weights and renal tissues, urine volume, BUN and creatinine levels, creatinine clearance and histopathological changes in renal tissues. Total expression levels of 546 genes were elevated or lowered by induction of chronic renal injury. Genes of which whose expression levels were elevated by induction of chronic renal injury were related to the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid mechanism, etc. Genes of which expression levels were lowered by induction of chronic renal injury were related to the neuroactive ligand-receptor signaling pathway. Results : Oral administration of AR restored renal mass which was reduced by induction of chronic renal injury. AR also restored creatinine clearance and lowered serum BUN level. In histopathological observation, the AR group has a tendency to prevent tissue damages as shown in the chronic renal injury group. Conclusions : AR can be used to treat patients with chronic renal injury although further study will be needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms in the efficacy of AR on chronic renal injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.718-731
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• 1985

Renal dysfunction is a common complication of open-heart surgery: a form of controlled hemorrhagic shock, and successful perioperative management of renal dysfunction depends on recognition of the risk factors and optimal management of factors influencing renal function, including cardiopulmonary bypass, and early detection of renal failure. Changes in renal functional parameters including Ccr, Cosm, CH2O, FENa, and RFI were observed prospectively in forty five patients operated on at Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, S.N.U.H., from April to June, 1985. They were 23 males and 22 females with 35 acquired and 10 congenital heart diseases and the mean age and body surface area of them were 38.010.3 years [22-63] and 1.5518 M2[1.151.92] respectively. Followings are the conclusion. 1. The Ccr, representative of renal function, is significantly improved from 90.231.3 ml/min/M2 preoperatively to 101.536.4 ml/min/M2 postoperative and day [P<0.05], and all patients were classified as postoperative renal functional class I of Abel, which representing adequate renal protection during our cardiopulmonary bypass. 2. The Cosm is significantly elevated at immediate postperfusion time and remained high at postoperative one day representing osmotic diuresis at that time, but CH2O shows no significant changes at immediate postperfusion period and is decreased significantly at postoperative one day, representing recovery of renal concentrating ability at that time with decreasing urine flow. 3. The absolute value and changing tendency in FENa and RFI during perioperative period shows no diagnostic reliability on these parameters, but those of CH2O appear to reveal future renal function more accurately than Ccr 4. The depth of hypothermia may be protective upon renal function against the ill effects of prolonged nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. 5. The depth of the hypothermia, pump time of more than 150 minutes, poor cardiac function, and intraoperative events such as embolism appear to be related with immediate postperfusion renal function. 6. Hemoglobinuria and hemolysis, poor preoperative renal function, history of cardiac surgery, and massive transfusion associated with bleeding appear not to be related with renal dysfunction.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.213-221
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• 1996

In order to develop a suitable secondary renal disease model and diagnostic markers of renal disease in the rat, the change of PIIIP (aminoterminal procollagen III peptide) in serum and hydroxyproline levels in the renal tissue that reflect the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) during development of experimental renal diseases were observed. Two types of experimental primary diseases, diabetes mellitus administrated by streptozotocin (STZ, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and liver cirrhosis produced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/s) operation, were induced. The hydroxyproline level increased according to the high PIIIP and NCl(carboxyterminal procollagen IV peptide) in Western blot analysis as early as 1 week in the STZ treated-rat kidney. Increased renal ECM was observed at 15 weeks in STZ and BDL/s model under the microscopic examination. High PAS positive reaction was found in capillary basement membrane in STZ treated-rats and mesangium in BDL/s operated rats at this time, showing the histological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy and cirrhotic glomerulonephritis in human, respectively. Such secondary renal failure were supported by additional tests including urinalysis and renal function test. The serum PIIIP detected by ELISA was a useful parameter to estimate synthesis rate of renal ECM during development of renal disease without extrarenal fibrosis i.e. liver cirrhosis in rats. This study is proposed that STZ treatment or BDL/s operation may be a suitable experimental animal model for the induction and development of chronic secondary renal diseases. Morover, it was found that hydroxyproline level in renal tissues was a good parameter of the change of renal ECM at the early stage of the diseases without apparent histological changes. Especially, serum PIIIP could be a choice as a diagnostic or prognostic marker during the development of renal diseases in rats.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-84
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• 1982

Renal dysfunction was experimentally induced with reductions in renal mass in dogs and then the remaining kidney function was estimated by blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations. During experimental period, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations showed no variance in dogs with 50% reductions in renal mass, but these values were remarkably increased in dogs with 75% reductions in renal mass. It was considered that 75% reductions in renal mass was applicable as experimental models for renal dysfunction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 1993

Effect of yohimbine, a specific antagonist for presynaptic adrenoceptor, on the renal action of clonidine, a specific presynaptic adrenoceptor agonist, was investigated in dog. Clonidine, when given intravenously, produced diuretic action accompanied with augmentation of osmolar and free water clearance (Cosm and 4C_{H_2O}$), and elicited the increase of amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine ($E_{Na}\; and\; E_k$). These actions of clonidine were inhibited by yohimbine either injected intravenously or infused into a renal artery. Clonidine, when infused into a renal artery, produced antidiuretic action accompanied with decreased of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF), and exhibited the reduced amounts of sodium and potassium in urine. These actions of clonidine injected into a renal artery were blocked by yohimbine administered either into vein or into a renal artery. Above results suggest that yohimbine block the renal action of clonidine only in central system, do not in kidney.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.729-733
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• 1995

This study was carried out to determine the effect of renal ischemia on renal function and excretion of amino acid in rabbit. The animal models of renal ischemia induced experimentally by clamping the renal artery for different lengths of time. These results were summarized as follows: 1. Ischemia for 30 or 60 min produced a polyuria which is accompanied by an increase in $Na^+$ excretion. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and p-aminohippurate plasma($C_{PAH}$) were not altered by 30 min of ischemia, indicating that transient ischemia results in a marked tubular dysfuction before a reduction in GFR or renal blood flow. 2. Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids such as alanine and lysine was markedly reduced after 30 min of ischemia, and the effect was more pronounced after 60 min of ischemia.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.252-261
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• 1990

Arachidonic acid which is precursor of prostaglandins, when administered ($100.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, or $100.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$) intravenously, did not influence on renal function of dog. Arachidonic acid, when infused ($10.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$) into a renal artery, produced marked diuretic action accompanied with augmentation of renal plasma flow and with little changed glomerular filtration rate, and exhibited the increased clearances of osmolar substance and free water, and the decreased reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules in only experimental kidney, but did not influenced at all in control kindey. The diuretic acition of arachidonic acid infused into a renal artery was not affected by pretreatment of indomethacin (10.0 mg/kg. i.v) which is inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. Above results suggest that arachidonic acid infused into a renal artery produced diuretic action through direct renal hemodynamic changes, that is mediated by reduction of postglomerular resistance being caused by dilation of vas efferense.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 1993

This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of antidiuretic action of diltiazem by infusion into the vein and carotid artery, of diuretic action into a renal artery in dog. Renal denervation caused a reversal of the effect of diltiazem from the antidiuretic to the diuretic when infused into vein or carotid artery, and potentiated the diuretic effect when infused into a renal artery. The changes of renal function in diuretic circumstances as described above included the increase in renal plasma flow, osmolar clearance, the amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine and the decrease in reabosrption rate of sodium and potassium in renal tubules. Above results suggest that antidiuretic action of diltiazem may be mediated by central nervous system, not by endogenous substance, diuretic action by direct renal action.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.211-214
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• 2001

The embolic effect of Gelfoam was investigated for transarterial embolization of renal artery (TAE-RA) in four normal rabbits. The catheter was selectively introduced into the unilateral renal artery under fluoroscopy and the Gelfoam-iohexol mixture was infused through a catheter into the renal arteries of 4 rabbits. The immediate and delayed (8 weeks) embolic effects on the renal arteries was investigated with selective angiography. The Gelfoam-iohexol was visualized under fluorosxopy in four rabbits. Renal arteries were ablated immediately after TAE-RA in four rabbits, however, opacification of renal parenchyma was visualized by injected contrast agent in 3 rabbits at 8 weeks. The Gelfoam-iohexol can be used as a short-term embolic materials for TAE-RA, however it is not adequate for permanent embolization of renal artery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2017

The most common anatomic variant seen in donor kidneys for renal transplantation is the presence of multiple renal arteries, which can cause an increased risk of complications. Accessory renal arteries should be anastomosed to the proper source arteries to improve renal perfusion via the appropriate vascular reconstruction techniques. In microsurgery, 2 kinds of vascular augmentation methods, known as 'supercharging' and 'turbocharging,' have been introduced to ensure vascular perfusion in the transferred flap. Supercharging uses a distant source of the vessels, while turbocharging uses vascular sources within the same flap territory. These technical concepts can also be applied in renal transplantation, and in this report, we describe 2 patients who underwent procedures using supercharging and turbocharging. In one case, the ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric artery was transposed to the accessory renal artery (supercharging), and in the other case, the accessory renal artery was anastomosed to the corresponding main renal artery with a vascular graft (turbocharging). The transplanted kidneys showed good perfusion and proper function. No cases of renal failure, hypertension, rejection, or urologic complications were observed. These microsurgical techniques can be safely utilized for renal transplantation with donor kidneys that have multiple arteries with a lower complication rate and better outcome.