• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2004

Wang Cheong-Im(1768-1831) in the Ching dynasty conducted the therapy of blood statis syndrome using the methods for promoting blood circulation and removing blood statis in accordance with the description in the book Uirimgaechak(醫林改錯). Thus, this study examined his methods for promoting blood circulation and removing blood statis, therapy of blood statis syndrome and mechanism of function. Since the blood statis symptoms varied on the parts where the blood statis were occurred, the therapy for promoting blood circulation and removing blood statis applied different treatments and drugs depending on the symptoms. The therapy also valued much of qi and blood. Qi is important to the human body so that the therapy replenished qi and simultaneously promoted the blood circulation as mainly focusing on the regulation of the qi flow. Moreover, the therapy adjusted the level of removing blood circulation and rate of replenishing qi. The degree of prescription and drug was differentiated in treating a variety of blood statis because of the difference in the seriousness and characteristics of blood circulation, amount and application of drug and combination of drugs. The therapy was careful about the regulation of qi for the replenishment of qi and the nurishment of blood for the promotion of blood circulation. If the blood circulation was blocked, the blood statis was formed. Accordingly, the phlegm and the blood statis were closely related. Then, the phlegm and blood statis were simultaneously treated. The therapy divided the properties of blood statis into the stagnant excess syndrome, the stagnant deficiency syndrome, the stagnant cold syndrome and the stagnant heat syndrome and treated the patients suitable for each symptom. The function of mechanism in the treatment using the methods for promoting blood circulation and removing blood statis was divided into the stagnation of blood and interruption in blood circulation. The therapy laid stress on promoting blood circulation and removing blood circulation. With such emphasis, the therapy facilitated the circulation in the bloood vessel, prevented the coagulation of blood, removed the blood statis and promoted the metabolism. Then, the physiological function and pathological change internal organs were improved. Furthermore, the therapy strengtened the heart and promoted the blood circulation by improving the systemic blood circulation. Moreover, the therapy facilitated the micro-circulation by adjusting the balance of body.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.469-481
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• 2017

This paper aims to analytically investigate the effect of shear stress at the concrete-steel interface on the mechanical behavior of the circular steel tube-confined concrete (STCC) stub columns with active and passive confinement subjected to axial compression. Nonlinear 3D finite element models divided into the four groups, i.e. circumferential-grooved, talc-coated, lubricated, and normal groups, with active and passive confinement were developed. An innovative method was used to simulate the actively-confined specimens, and then, the results of the finite element models were compared with those of the experiments previously conducted by the authors. It was revealed that both the predicted peak compressive strength and stress-strain curves have good agreement with the corresponding values measured for the confined columns. Then, the mechanical properties of the active and passive specimens such as the concrete-steel interaction, longitudinal and hoop stresses of the steel tube, confining pressure applied to the concrete core, and compressive stress-strain curves were analyzed. Furthermore, a parametric study was performed to explore the effects of the concrete compressive strength, steel tube diameter-to-wall thickness ratio, and prestressing level on the compressive behavior of the STCC columns. The results indicate that reducing or removing the interfacial shear stress in the active and passive specimens leads to an increase in the hoop stress and confining pressure, while the longitudinal stress along the steel tube height experiences a decrease. Moreover, prestressing via the presented method is capable of improving the compressive behavior of STCC columns.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.598-604
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• 1999

This paper describes the research to minimize the film stress and maximize the aspect ratio of photoresist structure, especially about SU-8 for electroplating mold. UV LIGA process using SU-8 allows fabricating high aspect ratio polymer structures. However, it is hard to get fine patterns in the high aspect ratio structures because of high internal stress and difficulty of removing SU-8. The purpose of this paper is to setup the process condition for the obtainment of both low film stress and high aspect ratio and to find design rules that make the pattern be less dependent on stress problem. Firstly, the process of heat treatment and exposure of SU-8 are proposed. These two conditions control the amount of cross-linkage in polymer structure, which is the most important parameter of both pattern generation and remaining stress. Heat treatment is dealed with soft bake and post-exposure-bake. Temperature and time duration of each step are varied with heat treatment condition. Some test patterns are fabricated to evaluate the proposed process. Nickel electroplating is performed with the mold fabricated through the proposed process to confirm the SU-8 as a good electroplating mold.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2007

Antifatigue failure technology take an important part of current industries. Currently, the shot peening is used for removing the defect from the surface of steel and improving the fatigue strength on surface. Therefore, this paper the effect of compressive residual stress and corrosion of spring steel(SAE 5155)by shot-peening on fatigue crack growth characteristics in stress ratio(R=0.05)was investigated with considering fracture mechanics. By using the methods mentioned above, We arrived at the following conclusions. The fatigue crack growth rate(da/dN) of the shot-peening material was lower than that of the un-peening material. And in stage I, ${\Delta}Kth$, the threshold stress intensity factor, of the shot-peen processed material is high in critical parts unlike the un-peening material. Also m, fatigue crack growth exponent and number of cycle of the shot-peening material was higher than that of the un-peening material. That is concluded from effect of da/dN. Finally fracture of shot-peening material and un-peening material was identified and discussed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2004

The lightness of components required in automobile and machinery industry is requiring high strength of components. In particular, fatigue failure phenomena, which happen in metal, bring on danger in human life and property. Therefore, antifatigue failure technology takes an important part of current industries. Currently, the shot peening is used for removing the defects from the surface of steel and improving the fatigue strength on surface. Therefore, in this paper the effect of compressive residual stress of spring steel(JISG SUP-9)by shot peening on fatigue crack growth characteristics in stress ratio(R=0 1, R=0 3, R=0 6)was investigated considering fracture mechanics. By using the methods mentioned above, I arrived at the following conclusions: (1) The fatigue crack growth rate(da/dN) of the shot peening material was lower than the unpeening material And in stage I, ${\Delta}K_{th}$, the threshold stress intensity factor, of the shot peening material is high in critical parts unlike the unpeening material. (2) Fatigue life shows more Improvement in the shot peening material than in the unpeening material. And compressive residual stress of surface on the shot peening processed operate the resistance of fatigue crack propagation.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.19-24
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• 2001

The lead frame, which is principal material used in semiconductor packaging, is required to be microscopic in leads and pitches to cope with miniaturization, thin film, large scale integrated. In addition, it is indispensable to eliminate residual stress and burrs occurring at manufacturing lead frames This thesis applied electrolytic abrasion in order to remove burrs and residual stress created during the stamp process. Electrolytic abrasion removed the burrs on the surface of lead frame. Removal of residual stress highly depends on the types of electrolyte solution. In case of perchloric system, electrolytic abrasion removed 23% of residual stress. Through removal of burrs and reducing residual stress, the reliability of lead frame was substantially improved.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07b
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• pp.871-873
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• 1999

According to the reports about the failure mode analysis of modules and systems, It is said that there are many early failure of system. To remove latent defects which causes early failures like that, It is necessary that screening test is performed. ESS is often used fur screening electronic equipments, and is proposed by the most powerful tool for removing latent defects of electronic equipments. [1][2] In this report, the procedure of the environmental stress screening which uses the temperature cycling stress is proposed. It is considered about environmental conditions of distributed control system(DCS) to be tested, design specifications of the system, recommended conditions of relative IEC-STD and applied conditions of similar company. ESS test was applied at the DCS to be installed in power plant. As the results of analyzing discovered problems. It was found that almost latent defects of electronic control systems was discovered early.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1233-1235
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze human factors - stress, alcohol, fatigue - of the railway driver in domestic railway industry. This study proposes railway safety improvement of domestic railway by intensively comparing railway safety system overseas to reinforce domestic railway safety. Domestic railways well known the well-organized railway safety culture has brought up safety issues on their process of private management. With this process, also, domestic safety is requested by increasing sense of the safety for general public. This study expects Korean railways to become a well-organized that as removing insecure factors of domestic railway based on result comparing and analyzing the manual, factors and requirements of guideline for internal and external safety culture.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report to treat two patients who had symptoms on head and face because of stress. Methods : The changes in symptoms of heat on right bucca, spasm of upp. er lip, left parietal pain, in individual expression were described as they were treated with acupuncture therapy named An-sim-bang(安心方), moxibustion and herb medicine. Results : Symptoms of heat on right bucca, spasm of upp. er lip, left parietal pain at admission improved and disapp eared gradually with acupuncture therapy named An-sim-bang(安心方), moxibustion and herb medicine. The patients could discharge with favorable recovery. Conclusion : In oriental medicine, stress is mainly treated by taking down flaring-up of heart fire, removing depression of Ki and fulling up deficiency of Yin of the kidneys. We experienced that these treatments by acupuncture therapy named An-sim-bang(安心方), moxibustion and herb medicine have the effect treating symptoms on head and face because of stress.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2003

Recently, the steel parts used at the aerospace and automobile industries are required to be used light weight parts. Therefore, used material, steel have to be a high stress, which is an indispensable condition in this field. At the consideration of parts design, high hardness of the lightweight parts have an benefit of saving fuel and material. A high stress of metal has a point of difference according to the shape of design, external cyclic load and condition of vibration. A crack generates on the surface of metal or under yield stress by defect of inner metal defect or surface defect and slowly, this crack grow stable growth. Finally, rapidity failure phenomena is happen. Fatigue failure_phenomena, which happen in metal, bring on danger in human life and property therefor, anti-fatigue failure technology take an important part of current industries Currently, the shot peening is used for removing the defect from the surface of steel and improving the fatigue strength on surface. Therefore, this paper investigated the effect on frcature toughness using shot peening which is improve the resistance of crack growth and crack expansion rate by fatigue that make a compressive residual stress on surface.