• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.813-822
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• 2006

Soluble manganese removal was analyzed as a function of filter media, filter depth, presence or absence of chlorination, and surface manganese oxide concentration in water treatment processes. Sand, manganese oxide coated sand (MOCS), sand+MOCS, and granular activated carbon(GAC) were used as filter media. Manganese removal, surface manganese oxide concentration, turbidity removal, and regeneration of MOCS in various filter media were investigated. Results indicated that soluble manganese removal in MOCS was rapid and efficient, and most of the removal happened at the top of the filter. When filter influent (residual chlorine 1.0mg/L) with an average manganese concentration of 0.204mg/L was fed through a filter column, the sand+MOCS and MOCS columns can remove 98.9% and 99.2% of manganese respectively on an annual basis. On the other hand, manganese removal in sand and the GAC column was minimal during the initial stage of filtration, but after 8 months of filter run they removed 99% and 35% of manganese, respectively. Sand turned into MOCS after a certain period of filtration, while GAC did not. In MOCS, the manganese adsorption rate on the filter media was inversely proportional to the filter depth, while the density of media was proportional to the filter depth.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2005

Damage often occurs on the surface of railway wheel by wheel-rail contact fatigue. It should be removed before reaching wheel failure, because wheel failure can cause derailment with loss of life and property. The increase or decrease of the contact fatigue life by the metal removal of the contact surface were shown by many researchers, but it has not explained precisely why fatigue life increases or decreases. In this study, the effect of metal removal depth on the contact fatigue life for railway wheel has been evaluated by applying finite element analysis. It has been revealed that the residual stress and the plastic flow are the main factors determining the fatigue life. The railway wheel has the initial residual stress formed during the manufacturing process, and the residual stress is changed by thermal stress induced by braking. It has been found that the initial residual stress determines the amount of metal removal depth. Also, the effects of the initial residual stress and metal removal on the contact fatigue lift has been estimated, and an equation is proposed to decide the optimal metal removal depth for maximizing the contact fatigue life.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1384-1391
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• 2005

Damage often occurs on the surface of railway wheels due to wheel-rail contact fatigue. It should be removed before reaching wheel failure, because wheel failure can cause derailment with loss of life and property. The increase or decrease of the contact fatigue lift by the metal removal of the contact surface were investigated by many researchers, but they have not considered initial residual stress and traction force. The railway wheel has the initial residual stress formed during the manufacturing process, and the residual stress is changed by thermal stress induced by braking. The traction force and residual stress are operated on wheels of locomotive and electric motor vehicle. In this study, the effect of metal removal depth on the contact fatigue life for a railway wheel has been evaluated by applying lolling contact fatigue test. The effect of the traction force and metal removal on the contact fatigue life has been estimated by finite element analysis. It has been found that the initial residual stress determines the amount of metal removal depth if the traction coefficient is less than 0.15. If the traction coefficient is greater than 0.2, however, the amount of metal removal depth is independent on the intial residual stress.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2004

A study for investigating the effects of the cutting conditions(feed rate, radial depth of cut, cutting speed) and the tool diameter on the circumferential geometry of the cyl indrically end-mi1led workpiece is described. In this work, the circumferential geometry is characterized by the roundness error. Experimental results show that the circumferential geometry is directly affected by the material removal per tooth,which is defined as a function of the cutting speed, the feed rate and the radial depth of cut. And, the radial depth of cut is revealed to be the most critical condition among them. It is also found that the roundness error decreases when the tool diameter is larger under the same cutting conditions.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2021

자율주행 및 인공지능 CCTV는 안개와 같은 악조건 상황에서 주변의 사물과 사람인식에 대한 카메라의 가시성 및 검출 능력이 저하된다. 이러한 악조건 상황에서도 중요한 정보를 정확하게 얻기 위해서 안개 제거 알고리즘에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 과거부터 현재까지 안개 제거 기술은 컴퓨터 비전/ 데이터 기반 등 다양한 방법을 이용한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 안개 제거 기술 중에서 입력영상에 대한 깊이 정보를 통한 안개 전달량을 추정하는 방법이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 영상의 특징 DCP, saturation∗value, sharpness가 깊이정보와 선형관계에 있다는 가정을 통해 선형모델을 제시한다. 제안한 선형모델을 통한 안개제거방법은 기존의 방법들과 정량적 수치평가에서 평균적으로 10% 향상된 결과를 보여주며 알고리즘의 성능의 우수성을 증명하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.873-878
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 박테리아 제거를 위한 완속모래여과에서 탄소나노튜브(Carbon Nanotube, CNT)의 적용성을 검토하기 위해서 전자현미경 분석 및 칼럼 실험을 수행하였다. CNT의 형태적 특성을 분석하기 위하여, 주사전자현미경으로 분석한 결과 CNT는 박테리아 부착이 용이한 섬유형태로 응집되어 있었다. CNT의 충진 두께, pH, 이온강도를 달리하며 칼럼 실험을 수행하였다. CNT의 충진 두께가 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm로 증가할수록 박테리아 제거율이 44.15%에서 99.95%로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, pH가 5.5에서 8.5로 증가할 경우 정전기적 반발력에 의해 박테리아 제거율이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이온강도를 0 mM에서 50 mM로 증가하여 칼럼 실험을 수행한 경우 박테리아 제거율이 97.25%에서 70.90%로 감소하였다. 본 연구를 통해 CNT가 오염된 물에 함유되어 있는 박테리아를 처리하는 완속모래여과에 적용 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2001

The advanced method for $CO_2$capture is currently one of the most important environmental issues in worldwide and it is therefore necessary to have available technologies, which minimize the discharge of $CO_2$ including Carbon-14 from nuclear facilities into the atmosphere. A key aspect of this work is to provide the technically principal data required to improve a $CO_2$ removal system for the utilization of regenerative sorbent use, specifically include suggestions regarding its modified column design (parallel dual-bed assembly), stop-restart operation and the economic feasibility of sorbent use. The removal performance of soda lime and the effects of relative humidity (RH) and packing bed-depth (BD) on $CO_2$ removal were investigated. In a single-bed, it revealed that the utilization of soda lime for $CO_2$ removal at line velocity of 13 cm/sec and bed depth of 12 cm increased with the increased relative humidity up to 85%. However, in the parallel dual-bed assembly applied with the stop-restart operation, a maximum utilization rate of soda lime for $CO_2$ removal was obtained even at 55% of RH and 8 cm of BD, specifically the utilization rate of soda lime by using this $CO_2$ removal assembly was about two-fold superior to that in a single-bed.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.659-668
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• 2012

In Korea, almost every water treatment plant suffers from seasonal problem of algae and turbidity which result from eutrophication and heavy rainfall. To relieve this problem, experimental investigation was performed to study the applicability of a floating-media and sand filter to preliminary water treatment in terms of algae and turbidity removal. Experimental results using pure-cultured algae influent showed that the shape of algae species as well as filtration velocity affects the removal efficiency. From the experiments using natural river water, it was concluded that algae removal is more sensitive to floating-media depth but turbidity more sensitive to sand depth. As the filtration velocity increased, the removal of turbidity decreased but that of algae was not affected. The floating-media and sand filter removed more than 30 % of TP, TN, turbidity, Chl-a and CODcr, and less than 20 % of DOC and $UV_{254}$.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.492-496
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• 2020

안개가 낀 악조건의 날씨에서는 가시성이 저하되어 카메라로 포착한 정보들을 정확히 인식하기 어렵다. 안개 낀 날씨에서도 사물인식, 차선 인식 등 카메라 기반의 기기들이 정상 동작할 수 있도록 안개제거 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 안개 영상에서 밝기와 채도의 차이가 영상의 깊이에 따라 비선형적으로 증가한다는 분석을 통해 깊이 맵 추정을 위한 비선형 모델을 제시한다. 비선형 모델의 안개 제거 방법은 여러 가지 안개제거 방법과의 정량적 수치평가(MSE, SSIM, TMQI)를 통해 동등 이상의 결과를 보여줌으로써 우수한 성능을 자랑한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.951-960
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 실내실험을 통하여 기능을 상실한 보 철거로 인하여, 급경사가 형성된 짧은 구간에서 두부침식과 천급점 변화, 그리고 교호사주의 거동을 고려한 하도의 적응과정을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 보 상류에서 두부침식이 발생하여 천급점은 상류로 이동하였다. 실험초기에 빠르게 이동하지만, 시간이 증가하면서 이동속도가 감소하였다. 교호사주가 발달한 조건에서 이동속도는 사주가 발생하지 않은 조건에서보다 빨랐다. 세굴심은 교호사주가 발생하지 않는 조건에서 보다 발생하는 조건에서 더 깊었다. 시간이 증가할수록 최대세굴심은 하류로 이동하며, 최대세굴심의 깊이와 이동속도는 감소하였다. 무차원 최대세굴심은 상류에서 유입되는 유사가 포착되고 되메우기가 진행되면서 이동속도가 감소하였다. 무차원 되메우기 속도가 증가할수록 무차원 최대세굴심은 감소하였다. 초기에 최대세굴심이 깊은 곳에서 되메우기가 빠르게 진행되며, 최대세굴심이 얕은 곳에서는 되메우기가 느리게 진행되었다. 특히, 무차원 되메우기 속도가 5이하에서는 무차원 최대세굴심이 급격하게 감소하며, 그 이후에서는 완만하게 감소하였다.