• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.680-688
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• 2004

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated to investigate the degradation and removal of non-ionic surfactant, nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) in wastewater using lab scale experimental apparatus. About 5mg/L of NPEO was introduced and only < 0.1mg/L of NPEOs and nonylphenol(NP) in total was detected in treated effluent. In the effluent, long chain ethoxylates (NPEO12-15) were not detected, but short chain ethoxylates (NPEO1,2) were in relatively high concentration. NPEOs in the mixed liquor disappeared more rapidly in anaerobic condition than in aerobic condition.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2011

A bench-scale test has recently been proposed as a predictive tool to minimize the scope of pilot-scale testing or to optimize the operation of full-scale membrane filtration systems. Consequently, a bench-scale testing unit was developed for this purpose and systematically evaluated in this study. This unit was capable of accommodating commercially available, low pressure, hollow fiber (LPHF) membranes with various configurations for testing under conditions comparable to real-world applications. Reproducibility of this unit in assessing membrane fouling and microbial removal efficiency of LPHF membranes was tested and statistically comparable results were obtained. This unit serves as a useful apparatus for academic researchers and utilities to evaluate the performance of LPHF membranes used for water treatment.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

본 연구는 담수조류의 대량 번식에 따른 정수장의 여과막 박힘, 어류의 대량폐사 등 각종 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 응집제를 이용한 응집-여과공정을 녹조제거시스템에 적용하기 위한 것이다. 응집-여과 공정에서 최적의 응집상태를 결정하기 위하여 시료로는 낙동강 원수를 사용하였고 Jar test와 실험실용 반응기를 사용하여 알칼리도, 탁도, Chl-a, pH를 측정하였다. 응집시간, 응집제 주입량, 드럼필터 회전속도 그리고 Chl-a는 각각 5min, 5mg/l, 3rpm 그리고 90㎍/l의 조건에서 높은 조류제거율을 보였다. Alum을 사용하였을 때의 조류 및 탁도 평균제거율은 50～60%, 30～50%이었고, PAC는 Chl-a의 제거율이 Alum보다 약 20% 더 좋은 효율을 보였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2015

대기오염물질인 염화수소의 배출 규제가 2ppm으로 강화됨에 따라 기존의 제철공장 습식세정 장치에 DIWS 시스템이 도입되었다. 침액식 스크러버 시스템으로 제철공정에서 발생되는 염화수소를 처리하기 위한 파일럿 연구를 수행하였다. DIWS 시스템의 운전에 따른 응축수 pH는 연돌에서 6.0으로 증가하였다. 산세 Fume 정제설비의 평균 유입 염화수소는 13.3ppm, 평균 배출가스는 0.43ppm, 평균 제거율은 96.9%로 나타났다. TMS 장치로 장기간 측정한 데이터를 비교하였을 때 DIWS 장치는 안정적인 제거율을 나타냈지만, TMS의 type별 데이터 불균일 현상이 관찰되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2006

Water quality has been deteriorated by the increasing amount of industrial waste water that is due to the better standard of living. In order to lessen the polluted water and substantially reutilize it at factories, a new method is needed. The plasma generator, which uses discharge current below 1,500 voltage and processes at extremely low temperature, has more strong oxidization than current method and an advantage of miniaturizing the apparatus in dealing with waster water by producing carrier gas at room temperature. This study were measured on the 3 kinds of waster water to the plasma generator for 120 minutes. As results, COD was almost decreased and removed in 15 minutes. The results suggest that the plasma generator can be used reduce COD and removal of color for various waster water, which can be reutilized as industrial water, It would be of benefit to the country like Korea in which qualified water is deficient.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this experiment was to illuminate the relationship between the phosphorus removal rate of unit operation and the phosphorus removal rate of phosphorus volume loading in the Ferrous Nutrient Removal process, which consists of an anoxic basin, oxic basin, and iron precipitation apparatus. Methods: This study was conducted in order to improve the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in domestic wastewater using the FNR (Ferrous Nutrient Removal) process which features an iron precipitation reactor in anoxic and oxic basins. The average concentration of TN and TP was analyzed in a pilot plant ($50m^3/day$). Results: The removal rate of T-N and T-P were 66.5% and 92.8%, respectively. The $NH_3-N$ concentration of effluent was 2.62 mg/l with nitrification in the oxic basin even though the influent was 17.7 mg/l. The $NO_3$-N concentration of effluent was 5.83 mg/l through nitrification in oxic basin even though the influent and anoxic basin were 0.82 mg/l and 1.00 mg/l, respectively. The specific nitrification of the oxic basin ($mg.NH_3$-Nremoved/gMLVSSd) was 16.5 and specific de-nitrification ($mg.NO_3$-Nremoved/gMLVSSd) was 90.8. The T-P removal rate was higher in the oxic basin as T-P of influent was consumed at a rate of 56.3% in the anoxic basin but at 90.3% in the oxic basin. The TP removal rate (mg.TP/g.MLSS.d) ranged from 2.01 to 4.67 (3.06) as the volume loading of T-P was increased, Conclusions: The test results showed that the electrolysis of iron is an effective method of phosphorus removal. Regardless of the temperature and organic matter content of the influent, the quality of phosphorus in the treated water was both relatively stable and high due to the high removal efficiency. Nitrogen removal efficiency was 66.5% because organic matter from the influent serves as a carbon source in the anoxic basin.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2001

It have been investigated how algal and bacterial symbiotic reaction influences on removal of organic carbon in river ecosystem. And artificial experimentation apparatus was made for algae'and bacteia'culture as lab scale. Investigating and researching minutely the change of concentration of organic carbon substrate and the change of population density of algae'and of bacteria'with this artificial experimentation apparatus, the next results could be obtained. 1. Successful decrease of DOC(dissolved organic carbon) could not be expected unless algal and bacterial biomass floe was nut formed effectively and unless biosorption was not proceeded effectively in the very culture system in which artificial synthetic wastewater was supplied continuously at constant rate. 2. In conditions of culture liquid of 1335 glucnse mg/L(type 1) and of 267 glucose mg:L(type 2), the algal dominant species was always Chlorella vulgaris in both types in which artificial synthetic wastewater were supplied continuously at constant rate and algae population density was around maximum 107 cells/mL. 3. It was around 108 ~ 107 cells/mL that the population density of heterotrophic bacterium. In culture medium systems type 1 and type 2 in which artificial wastewater were supplied continuously at constant rate, the same density appeared initially when using the population density of Escherichia coli w 3110 as indirect indicator. And this density decreased rapidly till the culturing date 35 days were passed away, while this density increased with gentle slope after same date and then the trend of change at type 2 was more severe than one at type 1. 4. When seeing such a change of population density of Escherichia coli w 3110, the growth of heterotrophic bacterium appeared as survival instinct pattern of broader requirement of nutrient at condition of low concentration of organic carbon substrate than condition of high concentration of same substrate.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2000

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the characteristics of ;$NO_x$ and soot emissions under a wide range of engine load have been experimentally investigated by a water-cooled, four-cylinder, indirect injection, four cycle and marine diesel engine operating at two kinds of engine speeds. The purpose of the present study is to develop the EGR control system for reducing $NO_x$ and soot emissions simultaneously in diesel engines. The EGR system is used to reduce NOx emissions, and a novel diesel soot removal apparatus with a cylinder-type scrubber for the experiment system which has 6 water injectors(A water injector is made up 144 nozzles with 1.0mm in diameter) is specially designed and manufactured to reduce the soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to intake system of the engines. The intake oxygen concentration obtained by the intake air flow and the oxygen concentration in the recirculated exhaust gas, and the exhaust oxygen concentration measured in exhaust manifold are used to analyse and discuss the influences of EGR on NOx and soot emissions. The experiments are performed at the fixed fuel injection timing of $15.3^{\circ}$ BTDC regardless of experimental conditions. It is found that $NO_x$ emissions decrease and soot emissions increase owing to the drop of intake oxygen concentration and exhaust oxygen concentration as EGR rate rises. Also, one can conclude that it is sufficient for the scrubber EGR system with a novel diesel soot removal apparatus to reduce $NO_x$ emissions, but not to reduce soot emissions.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.795-800
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• 2009

본 연구는 Vortex tube 형 이산화탄소 흡수장치에서 연소배가스 중 $CO_2$ 흡수 특성을 고찰한 것이다. 연소배가스로는 석탄(유연탄)을 연료로 하는 증기발생량 12 ton/hr 규모의 순환유동층 연소보일러에서 발생한 것을 이용하였으며 이산화탄소농도는 11~13 vol% 내외이다. 흡수 용액은 MEA 20 wt%를 기준으로 AMP, HMDA, 강염기계 KOH를 혼합하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 $CO_2$ 흡수장치를 Scrubbing 방식보다 소형화하고, 흡수용액을 절감하는 것이다. 흡수장치는 연소배가스 유량 $20Nm^3/hr$를 처리할 수 있는 직경 17 mm, 길이 250 mm의 Vortex tube 형을 사용하였다. 연소배가스와 흡수용액의 혼합 분무를 통한 $CO_2$ 제거율을 측정하였다. 실험조건은 흡수용액 농도(20~50 wt%), 흡수용액 유량(1.0, $3.0{\ell}/min$)과 연소배가스 유량($6{\sim}15Nm^3/hr$)을 변화시켰다. 결과적으로, MEA에 HMDA를 혼합한 흡수용액의 $CO_2$ 제거율이 가장 우수(약 43% 제거율)하였으며, Vortex tube 장치에서 고속유동의 기 액 접촉효과 및 기 액 분리 특성을 이용하여 $CO_2$ 흡수가 가능하였다. 그러나 $CO_2$ 흡수 효율 향상을 위한 추가적인 공정개발이 요구된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1996

An experimental research was conducted in order to study the combined treatment o of municipal landfill leachate and municipal sewage. The landfill leachate was that of Nanjido landfill site, and the municipal sewage was that of Chungnang municipal sewage treatment plant in Seoul. Several sets of bench~scale sequencing batch reactor(SBR) were used as e experimental apparatus. Specially investigated items in this experiment were the removal efficiency of substrate and the influence of treatment time. The experiment lasted for about 2 years. The result are as follows ; 1. The characteristics of leachate were pH 7.5~8.2, BOD 80~336mg/L, COD 908~1,460mg/L, NH3-N 1,409~2,330mg/L, T~P 2.7~7.lmg/L, Cl~3,540~4,085mg/L, a and heavy metals are a very small amount. And the characteristics of sewage were pH 6.9~7.3, BOD 78.4~129.3mg/L, COD 121.2~305.0mg/L, T~N 14.9~36.4mg/L, T-P 2.3~8.9mg/L. 2. The treatability of leachate alone was not treat well. So for the good treatment of leachate, it was necessary to deal with the pretreatment before bi이ogical treatment and a combined treatment of municipal sewage. 3. The various contents of the leachate were 5%, 10%, 30%, and 50%, and the removal efficiency of COD was 86.0%, 82.8%, 60.6%, and 31.7%. The maximum content of the leachate which could be sucessfully treated by SBR in the combined treatment was 10% of that of sewage. And the removal efficiency of COD increased n notably, as its treatment time increased. 4. The various contents of the electrolytic treated leachate were 5%, 10%, 30%, and 50%, and the removal efficiency of COD was 89.9%, 86.1%, 79.2%, and 69.8%. The maximum content of the leachate which could be sucessfully treated by SBR in the combined treatment was 30 % of that of sewage. And the removal efficiency of C COD increased notably, as its treatment time increased.