• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2002

A large number of factors such as osteotropic hormones, cytokines, or growth factors are related to the bone remodeling which is characterized by the coupling of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Recent investigations have indicated that cytokines such as $interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$ and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ play a potential role in the bone resorption associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as inflammatory osteolytic disease. Collagen is the most abundant protein of the extracellular matrix of bone, and the participation of collagenase in bone resorption has been widely investigated. In this study, effects of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ on the release of collagenase from osteoblastic cells were measured. The gelatinase activity was also measured by gel substrate analysis (zymography) after electrophoresis of conditioned media of osteoblastic cell culture. $IL-1{\beta}$ increased the collagenase activity in ROS17/2.8 and HOS cell culture. $TNF-{\alpha}$ also increased the collagenase activity of osteoblastic cells. When two kinds of cytokines were treated simultaneously in the culture of osteoblastic cells, synergistic increase of collagenase activity was seen in ROS17/2.8 cells. $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly increased the collagenase activity after 6 hour treatment in the osteoblastic cell culture, and there was no additional increase according to the culture period. Osteoblastic cells released the gelatinase and molecular weight of this enzyme was measured about 70 KDa as assessed by zymogram. $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed increase of the gelatinase activity produced by ROS17/2.8 and HOS cells. Taken together, this study suggested that $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ can modulate bone metabolism, at least in part, by increased release of collagenase and gelatinase from osteoblasts.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2010

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease associated with an imbalance of bone remodeling. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and increased bone fractures. In this study, we investigated the effects of horse bone extracts (HBEs) in vivo. Horse bone was extracted with 80% alcohol (HBE-A) at $100^{\circ}C$ or water (HBE-W) at $120^{\circ}C$. Animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was used, in which osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy of female S.D. rats (female rats were divided into 5 groups), and HBEs were administered to ovariectomized rats every day for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the following osteoporotic factors were measured: body weight, bone mineral density (BMD), uterine/body weight ratio, serum estradiol (E2), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results showed that the administration of HBE-W decreased the changes of body weight in ovariectomized rats. HBE-W increased the uterine/body weight ratio and BMD. In addition, HBEs decreased the ALP. Therefore, HBEs may be used for the prevention or treatment of bone disease.

• 대한스포츠의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify bilateral differences of physeal closure of the lateral compartment of the elbow in osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and related factors with premature physeal closure. Methods: Initial radiographs of the bilateral elbows in 40 baseball players with OCD (group I) were reviewed for the status of physeal closure of the lateral compartment; capitellum, radial head, lateral epicondyle. Forty baseball players with medial epicondylar apophysitis (group II) were enrolled as a control. Relative status of physeal closure of dominant elbow was defined as early, same, and delayed. Bilateral differences of the status of physeal closure were analyzed between groups, and according to the radiographic stages, extent of the lesions and demographic factors in group I. Results: Significant early physeal closures of dominant elbows were identified in group I in capitellum (group I, 55%; group II, 3%), radial head (group I, 53%; group II, 3%), and lateral epicondyle (group I 37%; group II, 5%). In group I, advanced stage and extended lesion showed early lateral compartment physeal closure especially in capitellum and radial head, and players with longer career length and limitation of motion showed early closure. Conclusion: Over the half of the adolescent baseball players with OCD demonstrated early radiocapitellar physeal closures of dominant elbow in initial presentation. Because premature physeal closure contributes to the development of arthritis without appropriate radiocapitellar remodeling, early detection of OCD is essential for prevention of arthritis and successful conservative management.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the wound healing effects of oral administered hot water extracts of Korean black ginseng (KBG). Methods 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups; normal, control, vitamin E 200 mg/kg, KBG 100 mg/kg, KBG 200 mg/kg, each n=8. Skin wounds were made in the back of all mice except normal group using biopsy punches. Wounds were observed on days 7 and 14 after injury. The anti-oxidant and inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. Skin tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining method. Results KBG significantly accelerated reducing wound area. KBG significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. KBG significantly decreased oxidative stress factors such as NADPH oxidase-4 and p22^phox and increased antioxidant enzymes including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1/2. Moreover, KBG significantly decreased inflammation factors including nuclear factor-κB, phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and increased anti-inflammation cytokine such as IL-4 and IL-10. In addition, KBG significantly increased tight junction proteins including claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4. In histopathologic, KBG made the epithelium thin and uniform, and accelerated the remodeling of collagen. Conclusions The results suggest that KBG has healing effects on skin wound in mice by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2023

Background: Water deer and sika deer, which breed in the wild environment, are known to have similar reproductive physiology mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the differences in uterine development between water deer and sika deer during estrus. Methods: MMPs and uterine development-related factors were analyzed and morphological differences were compared in the uterus of sika deer captured near Russia near Korea and water deer captured in the wild in Korea. Results: In terms of morphological differences in the uterus, the glands that form villus within the endometrium of the water deer were newly developed, and the formation of small glands was high, but the villus and glands of the sika deer were expanded, and the stroma zone in the myometrium was higher than that of the water deer. Development has increased. Additionally, the expression of PAPP-A and VEGF factors was increased in the endometrium of water deer than in sika deer, but the actions of MMPs were increased in sika deer. Conclusions: As a result of this study, there is a significant difference in the development of glands in the endometrium of water deer and sika deer during estrus, and it is believed that there is a significant difference in the development of the uterus due to the physiological effects of estrus between water deer and sika deer. Additionally, it is believed that there will be differences in the timing at which pregnancy can be decided.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.406-417
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Pathophysiological changes of right ventricle (RV) after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are coupled with a highly compliant low-pressure pulmonary artery (PA) system. This study aimed to determine whether pulmonary vascular function was associated with RV parameters and exercise capacity, and its impact on RV remodeling after pulmonary valve replacement. Methods: In a total of 48 patients over 18 years of age with repaired TOF, pulmonary arterial elastance (Ea), RV volume data, and RV-PA coupling ratio were calculated and analyzed in relation to exercise capacity. Results: Patients with a low Ea showed a more severe pulmonary regurgitation volume index, greater RV end-diastolic volume index, and greater effective RV stroke volume (p=0.039, p=0.013, and p=0.011, respectively). Patients with a high Ea had lower exercise capacity than those with a low Ea (peak oxygen consumption [peak VO₂] rate: 25.8±7.7 vs. 34.3±5.5 mL/kg/min, respectively, p=0.003), while peak VO₂ was inversely correlated with Ea and mean PA pressure (p=0.004 and p=0.004, respectively). In the univariate analysis, a higher preoperative RV end-diastolic volume index and RV end-systolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and higher RV-PA coupling ratio were risk factors for suboptimal outcomes. Preoperative RV volume and RV-PA coupling ratio reflecting the adaptive PA system response are important factors in optimal postoperative results. Conclusions: We found that PA vascular dysfunction, presenting as elevated Ea in TOF, may contribute to exercise intolerance. However, Ea was inversely correlated with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) severity, which may prevent PR, RV dilatation, and left ventricular dilatation in the absence of significant pulmonary stenosis.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2010

리모델링에는 여러 형태가 있을 수 있다. 그 중 건축주나 리모델링 수행자가 선호하는 방법이 두 개의 주거 공간을 하나로 만들어 평면 확장을 목표로 하는 세대 병합형 리모델링이다. 그러나 이러한 방법을 현재 국내에서 리모델링 대상이 되고 있는 벽식 구조의 아파트에 적용할 경우 주요 횡력 저항 요소인 전단벽에 큰 손상을 가하게 될 수 있다. 그러나 아직 이러한 주요 구조 부재인 철근콘크리트 전단벽에 개구부가 발생할 경우의 명확한 손상 정도를 정의 해주는 연구는 진행되고 있지 않은 실정이다. 현행 ACI 기준은 이러한 철근콘크리트 전단벽 내의 개구부에 대한 명확한 고려 방안을 제시하지 않고 있다. 반면 AIJ 기준은 철근콘크리트 전단벽 내부의 벽체에 대한 고려 방안으로 강도 저감률 $\gamma$를 제시하고 있다. 그러나 이 강도 저감률은 탄성 판 이론으로부터 제시된 것으로 철근콘크리트 부재에 있어서의 강도 저감률을 제대로 표현하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 AIJ에서 제시하고 있는 강도 저감률 $\gamma$에 대하여 현재까지 진행되었던 실험 결과에 대한 통계적 분석과 유한요소해석을 통한 변수 분석을 통해 개구부에 의한 강도 저감률에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 통계적 분석 결과 현재 제시되어 있는 강도 저감률은 개구부의 벽체 면적에 대한 비율만을 변수로 설정하여 그 저감률이 실험 결과보다 크게 나타나고 있었다. 또한 개구부의 형상비를 면적과 통합적으로 고려하며 철근비에 대한 고려를 하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에, 기존의 실험 결과와 이를 토대로한 유한요소해석을 통한 변수분석을 수행하여 새로운 강도 저감률을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2000

Bone remodeling results from the combined process of bone resorption and new bone formation which is regulated in part by some of the polypeptide growth factors such as platelet derived growth factor(PDGF), which has been known to be an important local regulator of bone cell activity and participate in normal bone remodeling. This process includes strictly regulated gene expression of several bone matrix proteins such as type I collagen and osteopontin, a 44 kDa phosphorylated glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effecs of PDGF-BB on the mRNA expression of bone matrix protein, type I collagen and osteopontin, in MC3T3- E1 cell culture. Cells were seeded at $5{\times}10^5$ cells in 10 ml of minimum essential medium alpha(${\alpha}-MEM$) containig 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mM beta glycerophosphate. 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB were added to the cells for the day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and cultured for 24 hours. Type I collagen cDNA, Hf677, and osteopontin cDNA were used as probes for northern blot analysis. Total cellular RNA was purified at indicated day and northern blot analysis was performed. The results were as follows : Type I collagen mRNA expressions were higher at the day 3 and 7, and lower in the day 14, 21 in the control groups. In the experimental groups, mRNA expressions were increased when 0.1 ng/ml PDGF-BB were added on the day 3, 7, 21, and decreased in dose-dependent manner on the day 14, decreased at all added dose on the day 28. Osteopontin mRNA expressions were highest in the day 21 groups and lowest in the day 14 groups in the control groups. Interesting results were shown in the day 14 and 21 groups. We found that osteopontin mRNA level was increased in dose dependent manner in the day 14 groups, and decreased dose dependent manner in the day 21 groups. In conclusion, PDGF-BB may have various control effects on type I mRNA expression in the growth and differentiation process of MC3T3-E1 cells and may have contrary regulatory effects on osteopontin mRNA expression. For examples, when the baseline level of osteopontin mRNA was low, as in the day 14, PDGF-BB up-regulated osteopontin mRNA expression in dose dependent manner, and when the baseline level was high as in the day 21, PDGF-BB down-regulated dose dependent manner. Thus, it may be useful for clinical application in periodontal regeneration procedure if further study were performed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.858-868
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• 2019

Shoot branching is an essential agronomic trait that impacts on plant architecture and yield. Shoot branching is determined by two independent steps: axillary meristem formation and axillary bud outgrowth. Although several genes and regulatory mechanism have been studied with respect to shoot branching, the roles of chromatin-remodeling factors in the developmental process have not been reported in rice. We previously identified a chromatin-remodeling factor OsVIL2 that controls the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at target genes. In this study, we report that loss-of-function mutants in OsVIL2 showed a phenotype of reduced tiller number in rice. The reduction was due to a defect in axillary bud (tiller) outgrowth rather than axillary meristem initiation. Analysis of the expression patterns of the tiller-related genes revealed that expression of OsTB1, which is a negative regulator of bud outgrowth, was increased in osvil2 mutants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that OsVIL2 binds to the promoter region of OsTB1 chromatin in wild-type rice, but the binding was not observed in osvil2 mutants. Tiller number of double mutant osvil2 ostb1 was similar to that of ostb1, suggesting that osvil2 is epistatic to ostb1. These observations indicate that OsVIL2 suppresses OsTB1 expression by chromatin modification, thereby inducing bud outgrowth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1017-1025
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• 2022

Bone homeostasis is regulated by constant remodeling through osteogenesis by osteoblasts and osteolysis by osteoclasts and osteoporosis can be provoked when this balance is broken. Present pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis have harmful side effects and thus, our goal was to develop therapeutics from intrisincally safe natural products. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide extracted from many species of brown seaweed, with valuable pharmaceutical activities. To intensify the effect of fucoidan on bone homeostasis, we hydrolyzed fucoidan using AMG, Pectinex and Viscozyme. Of these, fucoidan biotransformed by Pectinex (Fu/Pec) powerfully inhibited the induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by the receptor for activation of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). To investigate potential of lower molecular weight fucoidan it was separated into >300 kDa, 50-300 kDa, and <50 kDa Fu/Pec fractions by ultrafiltration system. The effects of these fractions on TRAP and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were then examined in differentiated osteoclasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, respectively. Interestingly, 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclasts differentiation from BMMs but did not synergistically enhance osteoblasts differentiation induced by osteogenic agents. In addition, this fraction inhibited the expressions of NFATc1, TRAP, OSCAR, and RANK, which are all key transcriptional factors involved in osteoclast differentiation, and those of Src, c-Fos and Mitf, as determined by RT-PCR. In conclusion, enzymatically low-molecularized 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed TRAP by downregulating RANKL-related signaling, contributing to the inhibition of osteoclasts differentiation, and represented a potential means of inducing bone remodeling in the background of osteoporosis.