• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2015

This study was reviewed the national greenhouse gas inventory report (NIR) of Annex I countries and estimated national greenhouse gas inventory on wetlands in Korea. Annex I countries submitted National Inventory Report which are focused on land converted to wetlands category and wetland remaining wetland (mainly peat lands) because IPCC did not suggest a formal methodology on flooded land. So we conducted a study on estimating of national greenhouse gas inventory in wetland (flooded land). The total annual $CO_2-eq.$ emission of wetland remaining wetland (flooded land) was ranged from 99.9 Gg $CO_2-eq.$ to 237.1 Gg $CO_2-eq.$ from 1990 to 2012. The $CO_2-eq.$ emissions was declined after peaking in 1995, however, it slightly increasing in recently years. The latest total $CO_2-eq.$ emission from flooded land was 117.7 Gg $CO_2-eq.$ in 2012 which was covered only 0.00002% of national GHG inventory. This means that flooded land is not key-category in Korea. We will consider an improvement for emissions of flooded land, if IPCC suggest formal or complementary methodology.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2021

Background: In 2020, a categorized list of wetland preferences, major habitats, and life forms of 4145 vascular plant taxa occurring in the Korean Peninsula was published by the National Institute of Biological Resources. We analyzed the list and explored the distribution patterns of the five categorized groups according to wetland preference, along with the information on the major habitats and the life forms of the plants belonging to those categories. Results: Out of 4145 taxa, we found that 729 wetland plant taxa (18%) occur in Korea: 401 obligate wetland plants and 328 facultative wetland plants. Among the 729 wetland taxa, the majority (73%) was hygrophytes and the remaining 27% was aquatic macrophytes. Furthermore, almost all of the wetland taxa are herbs; so, woody plants are only 4.7%. The 16 carnivorous taxa distributed in Korea were characterized as obligate wetland plants. Conclusions: We expect the categorized information would promote understanding of the characteristics of the plant species and would be an important source for understanding, conservation, and restoration of wetland ecosystems.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2004

The Shihwa wetland, a newly developed constructed wetland prototype in Korea with an area of approximately 104 ha, was established to improve the water quality severely polluted inflow streams into Lake Shihwa. Because this wetland could play a role as an ecological park in addition to improving the water quality, an ecological impact of the Shihwa constructed wetland has been a national concern. This paper focused on reporting the survey results for fauna among the entire investigation results for 3 years. A total of 129 terrestrial insect species have been observed from August 2001 to June 2002. Among them, Ischnura asiatica (Brauer) (order Odonata), Scymnus species (order Coleoptera) and Orthopteran species were frequently found in the reed bushes. A total of 77 bird species were recorded in a seasonal count, the maximum number of species was 34 in winter and the maximum number of individuals was 4,599 in summer. For the freshwater fish, only 4 species were found in 2000, however in 2001 and 2002, 12 species and 459 individuals were collected at four survey points. Among these 12 species, the dominant species were Mugil cephalus(36%), followed by Carassius auratus (25%) and Rhinogobius brunneus (22%). Meanwhile,12 individuals of Oryzias latipes were observed nearby, mostly downstream of the wetland. For the Herpetofauna at four survey areas, 3 species of amphibians and 3 species of reptiles were recorded. Because of remaining salinity in the soil of the Shiwha constructed wetland, Herpetofauna inflow to the wetland was scanty and mainly inhabited the upstream area. A total of 8 mammal species were recorded. Small-sized species were the striped field mouse, the Ussurian harvest-mouse, the Manchurian reed vole and the brown rat. Middle- and large-sized species were Korean water-deer, Korean raccoon dogs, Korean yellow weasels and feral cats.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.390-396
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• 2018

This study investigated the transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a free-water surface flow constructed wetland. Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) coupled with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) was used to analyze the compositions of biopolymers (polysaccharides, amino sugars, proteins, polyhydroxy aromatics, lipids and lignin) in DOM according to the molecular size at three sampling points of the water flow: inflow, midflow, and outflow. The prep-HPLC results verified the decomposition of DOM through the decrease in the number of peaks from three to one in the chromatograms of the sampling points. The Py-GC/MS results for the degradable peaks indicated that biopolymers relating to polysaccharides and proteins gradually biodegraded with the water flow. On the other hand, the recalcitrant organic fraction (the remaining peak) in the outflow showed a relatively high concentration of aromatic compounds. Therefore, the ecological processes in the constructed wetland caused DOM to become more aromatic and homogeneous. This indicated that the constructed wetland can be an effective buffer area for releasing biochemically stable DOM, which has less influence on biological water quality indicators, e.g., biochemical oxygen demand, into an aquatic ecosystem.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2002

Pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of the pond system for further polishing of treatment wetland effluent from December 2000 to June 2001. The wetland system used for the experiment was highly effective to treat the sewage during the growing season, but it was less effective and its effluent was still high to discharge to the receiving water body. Therefore, the wetland effluent may need further treatment to prevent water quality degradation. Pond system could be used to hold and further polish the wetland effluent during the winter season and ots feasibility was evaluated in this study. Additional water quality improvement was apparent in the pond system during winter season, and the pond effluent could be good enough to meet the effluent water quality standards if it is properly managed. Timing of the pond effluent discharge appears to be critical for pond system management because it is a closed system and whole water quality constituents are affected by physical, chemical, and biological pond environments. Once algae started to grow in mid-April, constituents in the pond water column interact each other actively and its control becomes more complicated. Therefore, upper layer of the pond water column which is clearer than the lower layer my need be discharged in March right after ice cover melted. In the experiment, water quality of the upper water column was markedly clear in March than ant other times probably because of freezing-thawing effect. The remaining lower water column could be further treated by natural purification as temperature goes up or diluted with better quality of wetland effluent for appropriate water uses. This study demonstrated the feasibility of pond system for subsequent management of wetland effluent during the winter season, however, more study is needed for field application.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제11권
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• pp.49-52
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• 2010

광주 신창동 저습지 출토 목제 빗은 강화제로서 세틸알콜을 이용하여 보존처리되었다. 보존처리 과정은 목제유물을 제3가부틸 알콜로 치환하고 세틸알콜을 40% 농도까지 함침시킨 후 진공동결건조하여 처리하였다. 그 결과 주목할 만한 표면결함은 없었다. 또한 54%의 중량잔존율과 길이방향 3.3%, 폭방향 2.1%, 두께방향 3.1%의 수축률을 나타내었다. 따라서 세틸알콜을 이용한 수침고목재의 보존처리가 치수안정화와 중량 잔존율 면에서 효과적이었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2014

In this study, ecological investigation was performed on Yong-neup, Daeam-san for 5 times. This area is considered DMZ zone located between Yanggu-gun and Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, where has been recognized highly valuable for ecological preservation. As a result, Sphagnum and hydrophobic vegetation were found in Little Yong-neup, revealing its characteristics of high moor, where as no Sphagnum were found in Baby Yong-neup. Thereby, the carnification has been investigated in both Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup. A main cause of damage was associated with the creation of stating rink and increases of visitors. The damages of vegetation in Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup have been intensified by road construction or uses of groundwater while relocating military troops to upper stream of Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup, further causing the damages of water circulation system and soil erosion. These artificial factors have caused the carnification of wetland protection areas including Little Yong-neup. The terrestrial vegetations, such as Plantago asiatica, Geranium Koreanum and Artemisia feddei have increased compared to current survey conducted by the Ministry of Environment. 5 endangered species, such as Lychnis wilfordii and Trientalis europaea and 5 other introduced species, such as Aster pilosus and Taraxacum officinale were found. 10 different species of mammal and 2 species of amphibian were investigated; and in addition to this, a original form of Sphagnum fens, the remaining wetland was found. Therefore, this study is to identify the causes of damages in Little Yong-neup and Baby Yong-neup through their ecological survey and accordingly proposing a direction for ecological restoration through the improvement of water circulation system, creation of habitats for plant and animal, restoration of vegetation through eco-friendly materials and indigeneity, relocation of the current military troops, securing of structural stability.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.314-324
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• 2017

국내 습지의 가치와 등급을 평가하고 적용방안을 고찰하기 위해, 경상남도에 위치한 146개 습지를 대상으로 신속평가방법 (Rapid Assessment Method)을 이용한 습지평가를 수행하였다. 각 습지에서 평가된 8개 대항목과 주변 피복 비율 간 관계를 분석하기 위해 Self-Organizing Map(SOM) 알고리즘을 이용하여 패턴분석을 실시하였다. 총 8개의 항목 중, '식생다양성 야생동물 서식처'와 '미적 레크레이션' 항목 점수가 가장 높았으며, 대부분 2~3등급의 가치를 가지는 것으로 평가되었다. SOM 분석 결과, 식생다양성 야생동물 서식처 항목이 높은 습지에는 대부분 어류 양서 파충류 서식처 항목이 낮은 성향을 보였는데, 이는 어류 등은 식생다양성이 높은 지역을 선호하지 않기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 습지 내 수생식물의 높은 풍부도는 미적인 부분을 충족시키기 때문에 미적 레크레이션 점수가 높은 습지는 대부분 식생다양성 야생동물 서식처가 높았다. 또한, 침식조절 기능의 경우 홍수 저장 조절 기능과 밀접하게 관련되며, 침식조절 기능이 높은 습지는 홍수 저장 조절 기능 또한 높은 경향을 가진다. 국내 습지에 신속평가방법을 적용한 결과, 일부 항목이 국내 습지 특성이나 범위에 맞지 않아 개선이 요구되며, 습지 보전 측면에서 '접근성'이나 '시각적 개방성' 등 항목들은 점수 체제의 전환이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 신속평가방법을 국내 습지에 적용하기 위해서는 항목 내 평가기준의 조정 혹은 세분화, 현실화가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 신속평가방법을 이용한 등급화는 습지의 보전이나 관리 방안 마련에 중요한 지표로서 활용될 수 있으며, 잔존하는 습지를 보존하여 멸종위기종 등 생물상 유지에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.471-501
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• 2022

본 연구는 산림습원의 가치평가 및 등급화로 인벤토리가 구축된 산림습원 455개소를 대상으로 수행되었다. 산림습원 가치평가 항목인 식생 및 경관, 물질순환 및 수리·수문, 인문·사회경관 및 교란정도 4가지 카테고리의 23개 평가 요소가 산림습원의 유형 구분 및 등급에 미치는 상관관계를 알아보고자 상관분석을 실시하였다. 산림습원의 유형 구분 및 가치평가의 개선을 통하여 향후 산림습원 보전 및 복원에 필요한 기준안을 마련하여 보전대책 수립에 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 확보할 수 있고, 체계적인 모티터링 체계를 구축할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 우선 산림습원 유형 구분과 규모와 접근성은 양적 상관을 보였으나, 나머지 항목은 음의 상관이나 상관성이 없은 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 산림습원 등급과는 음의 상관이나 상관성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 가중치가 부여된 4가지 상위 카테고리 요소와 아주 큰 음의 상관이 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 가치평가 항목의 평가 기준치를 조정하거나 객관성을 높일 수 있는 항목을 추가하거나 가중치에 대한 오류가 있는 것으로 조정이 필요하다고 판단된다. 특히 산림습원의 경우 생물다양성으로 인한 생태계서비스 기능이 가장 크므로 이를 고려하여 평가항목을 개선해야 한다. 따라서 고유성·희소성(15%), 야생동물서식지(15%), 식생 및 경관(35%), 물질순환 및 수리·수문(30%) 그리고 인문·사회경관(5%) 5가지 카테고리로 구분해볼 수 있고, 실효성을 높일 수 있는 가중치를 제안하는 바이다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2012

습지의 생태-사회적 가치는 인간사회에 혜택을 준다. 많은 나라들이 습지를 보전하고 보호하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 하지만 많은 습지들은 자연적 교란과 함께 인위적 교란으로 인해 소실되거나 구획화되었다. 구획화된 습지는 경관생태학적 연구의 주 대상이 되는데 이는 습지를 효율적으로 관리하고 보전하는 데 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 행정구역상 경상남도 습지의 공간-사회적 분포양상을 파악하기 위해서 습지의 분포와 크기, 습지 간의 거리, 습지의 경관학적 형태, 토지이용현황, 공시지가 등을 연구하였다. 경상남도 내에는 146개(3,598.85 ha)의 습지가 분포해 있고 하천습지가 76개(1,955.60 ha), 범람습지가 49개(1,282.28 ha), 산지습지가 21개(1,282.28 ha)이었다. 대부분의 습지들이 크기가 작고(<2 ha) 농경지에 둘러 쌓여 있었다. 많은 습지들이 구획화되어 있고 훼손상태가 심각하지만 하천습지와 농업용 수로를 이용하여 연결할 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 습지의 연결성 확대를 통한 습지서식처의 확장은 습지에 의존하여 서식하는 생물들의 보전에 매우 유의할 것으로 생각된다. 많은 습지들이 현재 농업용수확보를 위한 유지로 이용되고 있고 국유지의 비율이 높아 추후 습지의 훼손과 소실은 국가단위의 대규모 계획공사로 인할 가능성이 높으므로 생태적으로 민감한 행정과 법률의 개발이 습지의 보전과 관리를 위해 중요하다.