• Title/Summary/Keyword: Religious belief

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Knowledge, Barriers and Attitudes Towards Breast Cancer Mammography Screening in Jordan

  • Abu-Helalah, Munir Ahmad;Alshraideh, Hussam Ahmad;Al-Serhan, Ala-Aldeen Ahmad;Kawaleet, Mariana;Nesheiwat, Adel Issa
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.9
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    • pp.3981-3990
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    • 2015
  • Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Jordan. Current efforts are focused on annual campaigns aimed at increasing awareness about breast cancer and encouraging women to conduct mammogram screening. In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, there is a need to evaluate current mammography screening uptake and its predictors, assess women's knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer and screening mammograms and to identify barriers to this preventive service. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six governorates in Jordan through face-to-face interviews on a random sample of women aged 40 to 69 years. Results: A total of 507 participants with mean age of $46.8{\pm}7.8$ years were interviewed. There was low participation rate in early detection of breast cancer practices. Breast self-examination, doctor examination and periodic mammography screening were reported by 34.9%, 16.8% and 8.6% of study participants, respectively. Additionally 3.8% underwent breast cancer screening at least once but not periodically, while 87.6% had never undergone mammography screening. Reported reasons for conducting the screening were: perceived benefit (50%); family history of breast cancer (23.1%); perceived severity (21.2%); and advice from friend or family member (5.8%). City residents have shown higher probability of undergoing mammogram than those who live in towns or villages. Results revealed negative perceptions and limited knowledge of study participants on breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The most commonly reported barriers for women who never underwent screening were: fear of results (63.8%); no support from surrounding environment (59.7); cost of the test (53.4%); and religious belief, i.e. Qadaa Wa Qadar (51.1%). Conclusions: In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, the uptake of this preventive service is very low. It is essential for the country of Jordan to work on applying regular systematic mammography screening for breast cancer. Additionally, there is a need for improvement in the current health promotion programmes targeting breast cancer screening. Other areas that could be targeted in future initiatives in this field include access to screening in rural areas and removal of current barriers.

A Study on Theological Students' Perception of Artificial Intelligence and the Christian Educational Implications (인공지능에 대한 신학생들의 인식 연구와 기독교교육학적 의의)

  • Im, Jun-Sub;Ham, Young-Ju
    • Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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    • v.61
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    • pp.233-262
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    • 2020
  • Rapidly developing modern science &technology have a profound impact on Christians and pastoral work. Recently, the 4th Industrial Revolution has induced lots of discussions in the field of church and theology, and artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important issue in many ways. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical research on how the AI would affect church and pastoral work. This study examined and analyzed the theological students' perception of AI. A survey was conducted on the perception of seven sub-areas of 220 male and female theological students at major seminaries in Korea. The seven subareas were including the degree of interest in AI, social influence, AI's alternative influence, and AI's church influence. The results showed that theological students generally agree with the academic relevance of AI or the need for education on AI. However, it presented alow perception of the impact of AI on the church. Such recognition may reflect the following belief. Students are aware that the AI is a necessary and important part of social and general education, but at the same time, they think the AI may not significantly threaten the church. Therefore, wes uggest that considering a response of Christian education to raise the perception of theological students of AI, courses related to science and technology should be organized in the curriculum of seminaries at various levels from the perspective of the Christian worldview.

People within the Forest, People outside the Forest : A View from Ecological Anthropology (숲속에 사는 사람, 숲밖에 사는 사람 : 생태인류학적(生態人類學的) 관점(觀點))

  • Chun, Kyung Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.79 no.3
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    • pp.330-342
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    • 1990
  • One might have a retrospect on the relationship between the forest and human being from the viewpoint of ecological perspective. It is no doubt that most of the fossil humans should have lived on the forest and the latter provided foods and shelters for humans from their beginning stages, Since the so-called agricultural revolution, humans have extensively started to exploit the forest which had beer, their cradle. The industrial revolution has created another situation against the forest in terms of the quality of ecosystem. These two revolutions have set up the so-called civilization which seems to have been based on the sacrificial oblation of the forest. The cradle for human being has been kept exterminating for the shake of "economic development and miracle." This might be a synoptic history of relationships between the forest and human beings in a sense. designates the behavioral aspects of human being against the forest and people consider the forest only as exploitable resource in this context, and the latter means that people live on the forest and strive to adapt the order of forest ecosystem. The resourcism has developed a strategy of colonialism to exploit the forest and provided a winner's position for the human beings against the forest, This idea and behavioral perspective seems to have started the backfire against the exploiter who is the owner of the civilization. However, there are different philosophies and ideas to view the relationship between the forest and human beings. People within the forest who are mostly considered as "primitives" still keep their idea of the ontology of the forest. There is a theoretical assumption of the "socionatural system" to look into the ecosystem. The forest could be viewed in the above frame of analysis. There are five variables : environment, resource, technology, organization, and ideology. Ideological aspect of the forest can be explained in the context of belief systems. Forest has a meaning of religion and rituals and people within the forest should admire it in anyway of religious reasons. This aspect of the forest cannot be separated from the environmental aspect of the forest. People within the forest acknowledge and practice the above idea. People outside the forest have lost the idea, however, at the cost of acquiring the civilization. They have expelled themselves from the forest and divided the socionatural system of the forest by way of colonialism. The efforts like agroforestry and social forestry would be strategies for recovering the idea of ontology of the forest as well as the sense of community including the forest and human being. People within the forest will be a prospective model for the future socionatural system of the forest for the people outside the forest. At this point, an ecological anthropologist can work with the forest specialists.

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A Comparative Study of Korean and United States College Students' Degree of Religiosity, Evolutionary Interest, Understanding and Acceptance and Their Structures (한국과 미국 대학생들의 종교성, 진화 흥미, 진화 개념, 진화 수용의 수준과 구조 비교)

  • Ha, Minsu;Cha, Heeyoung;Ku, Seulae
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.32 no.10
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    • pp.1537-1550
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    • 2012
  • This study aims to explore the differences between Korean and United States college students regarding their degree of religiosity, interest in, understanding and acceptance of evolution, and the effects of their interaction on these variables. A total of one thousand and fifteen Korean and US biology majors and non-majors college students participated in this study and a sub sample of 516 students were randomly selected for statistical tests. The results illustrated that Korean college students harbored significantly lower degrees of religiosity and interest in evolution but significantly higher degrees of knowledge and acceptance of evolution than US college students. The path analysis uncovered that the knowledge of and interest in evolution played a mediating role between religiosity and acceptance of evolution. Korean college students' interest in evolution was less correlated to other variables than US college students' interest. The acceptance of evolution was less predicted by knowledge of evolution in the Korean biology major sample than in the US biology major sample. The acceptance of evolution was predicted more by religiosity in the Korean non-major sample than in US non-major sample. This study suggests that future Korean science curriculum for evolution needs to enhance the degree of students' interest in evolution. In addition, future Korean science curriculum needs an instructional strategy in developing students' ability to make scientific decisions, such as the acceptance of evolution, without interference from their personal religious belief.

Analysis on Organization Performance Based on Hospital Culture (기독병원과 일반병원의 조직문화 특성에 따른 조직성과 분석)

  • Kim, Woon-Shin;Nam, Eun-Woo
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.242-265
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    • 1999
  • Our study attempt is to see organizational performance according to the differences between types of hospital cultures. To determine theoretical relationship between the organizational culture and the performance, we select two hospitals in Pusan which are different in the purposes and shapes of establishment. We surveyed their members on a questionnaire based on the type of the organizational culture of the two institutions, analyzed, and review its organizational effectiveness. For the survey with questionnaires, which had been preliminary studied to raise its validity, question forms were distributed to 528 persons in April, 1999 based on the self-responses and recollected within 48 hours. The recollection rate was high(89.96%) and the quantity of questionnaires used for our final analysis was 430(81.44%). The Cronbach Coefficient Alpha of the questionnaires was 0.742. Regarding statistical techniques for analysis of the written materials, dispersion analysis(ANOVA) was adapted to test the organizational effectiveness of the two hospitals having the different organizational cultures, and Pearson Correlation was applied to determine correlations was among all variables. T-test was performed to test organizational effectiveness based on the differences in the extent of sharing the culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction between the two health institutions. From our analysis, we obtain the following conclusions. First, concerning with organizational culture of the two hospital, one of which is a christian hospital and the other is a private foundation hospital, the former is conservative and human-oriented but the latter focuses on renovation and accomplishment. Second, the private establishment has a relatively higher organizational effectiveness that the religious hospital as a result of analyzing the extent of sharing culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction. Third, it has been found that the correlations between the extent of the sharing culture and the organizational committment, the extent and work satisfaction, and the committment and the satisfaction are respectively positive influencing organizational effectiveness, especially work satisfaction. Fourth, cultural factors by which the christian hospital is affected more positively including human relations among its members, belief, its idea of establishment, tradition, work responsibility, power, and wage. On the other hand, factors such as director's leadership, personnel management, wage, hospital regulations and department managers' management ability have been seen as negative influences in order. And fifth, for the private foundation hospital human relations among its members, wages, work responsibility, director's leadership and department managers' management ability were positive in their sequence while wages, personnel management, hospital regulations, welfare and department managers' management ability were considered as negative influences in order. As these results of this study, the higher extent of sharing organizational culture, the more increasing in both organization committment and work satisfaction, the higher the effectiveness. Although it was somewhat difficult to generalize the results whose subjects were the two hospitals only, it was obvious that organizational culture was an important influential factor of organizational effectiveness. It is questionable that the extent of sharing organizational culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction as variables affecting the effectiveness have their validity, but this study has its significance in that it provided an approaching to evaluate the organizational culture of individual hospitals making allowances for such variables related to the general activities in its hospital. We hope the results of the study could be useful for the managerial strategies of the institutions.

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A Study on the Effect of Physician Characteristics on the Cesarean Section Rate (의사의 일반적 특성이 재왕절개분만율에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Eun-Hee
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.499-512
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    • 2000
  • The number of deliveries by cesarean section has increased internationally. However, The cesarean section rate is different by country to country. It is because each country has different social and cultural background and. practices its unique delivery policies. Hence, it is very important to understand the uniqueness that one country faces related with the cesarean section. In Korea, there have been many researches on the clinical. maternal. hospital and community factors and so on. However, few studies have attempted to reveal the physician factors in Korea because it is difficult to approach hospital records. So, in this study, the physician factors that influence the increase of cesarean section rate in Korea was investigated, and preliminary research agenda for policy establishment to keep the cesarean section rate from excessive increase was provided. In this study, all 2744 cesarean section deliveries performed by 36 physicians at the hospital was considered. and detailed delivery records of 12 months selected randomly from January 1996 to August 1998 was reviewed retrospectively. Chi-square analysis is used to examine the homogeneity of distribution of maternal, fetal, and clinical factors. In addition, multiple regression analysis is used to examine the effect of physician characteristics on the cesarean section rate. Physician characteristics as independent variable and the cesarean section rate as dependent variable was put in this analysis. Follows are the results of this study. 1) Total cesarean section rate is 34.8%. primary cesarean section rate is 12.5 % and repeated cesarean section rate is 22.3 %. Among the indications for the primary cesarean section, 15.6 % is for breech presentation. 40.2 % is for dystocia. 7.6 % is for fetal distress. and 36.6 % is for others. 2) There is positive correlation between physician's age and the cesarean section rate (p<0.001). And statistically significant correlation is found between the physician's educational attainment and the cesarean section rate (p<0.001). A physician with Ph.D degree has lower cesarean section rate than a physician with B.A only and M.A. degree (p<0.001). However. physician's gender, location of graduated university. position at the hospital, and the religious belief were not shown statistically significant relations with the cesarean section rate. 3) Among all cesarean sections in this study, only 15.4 % is performed during weekend. While 18.2 % is performed on monday only. This suggests that physicians may not prefer weekend operation of cesarean section. In addition, 86.1 % among all cesarean section operations is performed from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. So the cesarean section rate could be related with a day of the week and a time of the day. From this results. there is a possibility that the physicians' personal comfort may influence the cesarean section rate.

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A Comparative Study on the Fundamental Act of Education in Korea and Japan (한국과 일본의 교육기본법 비교분석)

  • Jeong, Kioh
    • Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.161-183
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this thesis is to study the Korea's Education Foundation Act and Japan's Education Foundation Act in a comparative way. The frame of comparison consists of three dimension: syntax analysis, way of legal conceptualization, and the educational climate and institutionalization. Major findings are as following: 1. Legal subjectives are clear in Korea but not clear in Japan 2. Civil relationship rules Korean education while public legal order rules Japanese education. 3. Partnership rules Korean education while administrative initiative rules Japanese education. 4. Curricular mandate is given to teachers in Korean education while to administrative hierarchy in Japanese education. 5. Public nature of schools means public credential in Korean education while public monopoly in Japanese education. 6. Professionalism is adopted for Korean teachers while missionary perspective adopted for Japanese teachers. 7. Korean education is expected to be secular while Japanese education is expected to reconcile with the traditional religious belief in Japan 8. Develop education still strongly orients the Korean education while education for sustainable development the Japanese education In summary, civil law frame is adopted in Korean education while in Japan public law frame is adopted in legalizing their Education Foundation Act. National climate influenced the education legislation in the two countries. Japan has strong missionary climate while Korea has secular perspective to education. Thess differences colored the way of literary expression in the legal text of the Education Foundation Act in the two countries.

Dasan Jeong Yak-yong's Self-Healing and his View of Happiness (다산 정약용의 자기치유와 행복관)

  • Jang, Seung-koo
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.139
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    • pp.213-238
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    • 2016
  • This paper examines how Dasan Jeong Yak-yong developed self-healing and his perspective of happiness during the hardest point of his political and social career. Just after the death of King Jeongjo (正祖, reign. 1766-1800) the arrest and persecution of those who accepted Christian knowledge from the West began. Among them were Jeong's family members and friends. Jeong, who had learned but had not accepted Christianity as a religious belief, was exiled to Ganggin 康津 in southern Jeolla Province where he was to spend the next 18 years. The two things that helped Jeong through his exile were the Book of Changes 易經 and his commitment to the study of Confucian thought, political, and social reforms. His life-long commitment to writing and his progressive understanding of the principle of changes of the universe in the Book of Changes, represented processes of self-healing and cultivation, depriving Jeong of self-pity and enabling him to attain the highest level in self-realization. According to Jeong, there are two kinds of happiness; "secular happiness" (yeolbok 熱福) related to power and wealth, and "pure happiness" (cheongbok 淸福), a free and idyllic life. For Jeong, the latter was more valuable than the former. Jeong believed that life pursing ethical virtues only could bring authentic joy to people. Furthermore, his devotion to the issues of systematic, social reforms was out of his desire to bring the public happiness by "practical learning", silhak 實學.

A Study on 'Zhongkui(鍾馗) Performances' of Calendaric Rituals in the Jiaofang(敎坊) of the Ming dynasty (명대 교방(敎坊)의 세시의례 속 '종규(鍾馗) 공연' 연구)

  • Kim, Soon-Hee
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.39
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    • pp.223-277
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    • 2019
  • Based on the text reference from the Variety Theatre compiled and performed by the Jiaofang of the Ming Dynasty Palace, the characteristics of Zhongkui performance in the New Year Ceremony was analyzed focusing on the differentiation and diachronic change in aspect between court dance and civilian. In China's folk beliefs, 'Zhongkui' is regarded as a representative spirit of fighting against evil spirits. Relevant rituals and performing arts have been held mainly on New Year's Eve or the Dragon Boat Festival. Although extensive research has been conducted in various fields, the situation of Zhongkui performance was largely unnoticed, only generally addressed in China, even with the given fact that the Ming Dynasty's text reference of miscellaneous court dance was exclusively retained, Therefore, the analysis intends to propose Zhongkui performances of Calendaric Rituals in the aspect of its elements and differentiate the play handed down among people as a specific example. Through the text analysis of miscellaneous court dance, 'Imperial examination' and religious belief was regulated usuriously by a so-called edification expressed as imperial reign ideology extracted to an implementation situation, revealing that this court dance was characterized by a variety of performances including the 'Zhongkui'. The results of the following study intends to provide a positive foundation for not only the field of Chinese studies but also the field of Korean literature, theatre, dance, folklore, religion, anthropology and art.

A Comparative Study on the Simwudo of Daesoon Jinrihoe and that of Buddhism (대순진리회와 불교의 심우도 비교연구)

  • Cha Seon-keun
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.46
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    • pp.33-68
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    • 2023
  • Simwudo (尋牛圖), known as Ox Seeking Pictures, originated in the 11th-12th century and have consistently played a guiding role in the teachings of various religions in East Asia. Some Korean religions that emerged during modern times conveyed their teachings through depictions of ox seeking or herding. Among them, Daesoon Jinrihoe stands out as a representative religion. The belief system of this particular religion elucidates its distinct doctrine and worldview by reimagining Simwudo, into a new set of six panels (seven or nine panels in some variations). The Simwudo of Daesoon Jinrihoe differs from that of Buddhism, particularly in its treatment of meditation (禪), both in terms of context and significance. While they share similarities in the aspect of ox-seeking, the Buddhist Simwudo symbolizes human nature, whereas the Simwudo of Daesoon Jinrihoe represents the great Dao of Heaven and Earth propagated by Kang Jeungsan and brought into completion by Jo Jeongsan. In the Buddhist context, the subject of the search is the Ox, signifying the restoration of a deluded human's pure nature in order to achieve personal salvation and in some version of Simwudo, reenter society to perform salvific actions for others. On the other hand, in the Simwudo of Daesoon Jinrihoe depicts the process of a human attaining immortality and following the teachings of Jeungsan and Jeongsan. This culminates in the final image which is the redemption of the world. The final phase of the Buddhist Simwudo, depending on the version, is either enlightenment (personal salvation) or reentering society to perform salvific actions (as a bodhisattva), whereas the Simwudo of Daesoon Jinrihoe show the simultaneous achievement of the perfection of humanity and the redemption of the world. This distinction highlights the fundamental differences between the Simwudo of these two distinctly different religious traditions. These differences arise from the contrasting purposes pursued by Buddhism and Daesoon Jinrihoe.