• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1451-1455
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• 2000

Objective : The goal of this study is to present whether endoscopic release(ER) is superior to open release(OR) for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS). Method and Material : Fifty-nine wrists in 43 patients who had clnical signs and symptoms consistent with CTS, not responded to non-operative management, were entered into the study. Authors retrospectively compared 27 wrists treated with ER(February 1999-June 1999) with 32 wrists treated with OR(October 1997-March 1999). We performed conventional open surgery in 25 patients(mean age ; 46 years) and Brown's two-portal technique in 18 patients(mean age ; 53 years) under intravenous regional block or general anesthesia. Results : Sixteen patients had CTS on both hands and left hands were affected more frequently than right hand, 34 and 25 respectively. Successful and poor results of ER were similar to those of OR. For patients in OR group, mean duration of symptoms was 5 years(range 1 month-30 years), and postoperative outcome was good in 27(84.4%) of wrists and poor in 5(15.6%). For patients in ER group, mean duration of symptoms was 7 months (range 2 months-25 years), outcome was good in 23(85.2%) of wrists and poor in 4(14.8%). The average time for complete relief of pain was 1.3 weeks and 7.6 weeks, respectively for OR and ER groups. No complication was noted in either group. Conclusion : This preliminary analysis suggests that faster relief of pain was achieved when the endoscopic method was used, although there were no significant differences in their efficacies regarding the improvement of symptoms.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Background: The pain caused by local anesthetic injection can lead to patient anxiety prior to surgery, potentially necessitating sedation or general anesthesia during the excision procedure. In this study, we aim to compare the pain relief efficacy and safety of using a digital automatic anesthetic injector for local anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing excision of a benign soft tissue tumor under local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022. A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups by randomization: the experimental group with digital automatic anesthetic injector method (I-JECT group) and the control group with conventional injection method. Before surgery, the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was used to measure the patients' anxiety. After local anesthetic was administered, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain. The amount of anesthetic used was divided by the surface area of the lesion was recorded. Results: Seventeen were assigned to the conventional group and 16 to the I-JECT group. The mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale was 1.75 in the I-JECT group and 3.82 in conventional group. The injection pain was lower in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). The mean Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was 11.00 in the I-JECT group and 9.65 in conventional group. Patient's anxiety did not correlate to injection pain regardless of the method of injection (p= 0.47). The amount of local anesthetic used per 1 cm² of tumor surface area was 0.74 mL/cm² in the I-JECT group and 2.31 mL/cm² in the conventional group. The normalization amount of local anesthetic was less in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: The use of a digital automatic anesthetic injector has shown to reduce pain and the amount of local anesthetics without complication.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.360-370
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors (pain stress, perceived stress, pain disability, fatigue, depression) strategies used by elders to cope with pain based on their type of pain belief. Method: Data were collected from 314 elders in community settings in Seoul from September to December of 2007. Cluster analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze data. Result: The types of pain belief were classified as the following groups: Self-blame, Enduring & Mysterious, and Short-term & Understandable. Perceived stress (t=2.36, p=.02), social support (t=2.24, p=.03), extent of pain relief (t=2.39, p=.02), and duration of pain relief (t=2.09, p=.04) were important factors for active and passive coping in the Self-blame group. Pain stress (t=2.39, p=.01) and depression (t=-3.99, p=.00) were significantly related to the active coping in the Enduring & Mysterious group. Perceived stress (t=2.55, p=.01) was an important factor in the passive coping in the Short-term & Understandable group. Conclusion: Considering different types of pain belief in elders and factors that are significantly related to different coping strategies, future nursing interventions should be population specific to encourage active coping strategies and to decrease passive coping strategies.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.107-129
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• 2017

Arbitration has grown a unique resolving method for international commercial disputes. However, it has considered a similar court process, such as interim relief, during arbitration proceedings. Further, it would be asked for urgent measures before the arbitrators are constituted in the proceedings. In this case, the disputing party has to apply in the court. This is an unattractive factor in international arbitration; therefore, some institutions are trying to reform such an inconvenient system by adopting the emergency arbitrator. The purpose of this study is to look into ways of utilizing the emergency arbitrator for effective dispute resolution in shipbuilding and shipping industries. The emergency arbitrator needs to solve problems such as making a decision on leaving cargos in the ship, matters involving a ship arrest, or issues regarding vessels under construction. In order to utilize the emergency arbitrator system, it needs to make a close partnership with related institutions, prepare Korean-style standard shipbuilding and shipping contracts, and provide training programs for new emergency arbitrators and staff of institutions. Next, the arbitration institution has to have a great working relationship with a court. Finally, it should try to implement a new system, such as on-line service, for the procedures of the emergency arbitrator.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of abdominal meridian massage either with the use of aroma oils or without using the oils for the relief of constipation in institutionalized children with cerebral palsy. Method: Using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, 40 children were randomly assigned to experimental (n=21) and control (n=19) groups. The experimental group received abdominal meridian massage with mixture of aroma oils, and the control group received abdominal meridian massage only. Prior to the intervention, baseline data were collected, and then abdominal meridian massage with or without aroma oils were given to both groups every morning for 15 minutes a day, six days a week, for 2 weeks. Outcome measures were number of bowel movements, amount of stool (gm), and frequency of laxatives, suppositories or enema. Using SPSS/Win 12.0 program, data were analyzed by $X^2$ test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Children in the experimental group defecated a larger volume of stool, and used fewer laxatives than those in the control group. The treatment effects lasted for 1 week after treatment. Conclusion: Abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils appears to be an effective adjunct maneuver in relieving constipation among institutionalized children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.19-36
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• 2003

The manager of manufacturing industry just not to have known what to do related to the law of product liability(PL) that was put into operation in July 1, 2002. The law of PL is a public law about defective product, which was established in order to compensate consumer's damages of property and body caused by product, to make sound society by the safety products and to take international competitiveness. But the existing civil law has been having clause that compensation to be taken is limited. The law of PL is resolving this limitations and is characterized by the easy relief from damages of defective product. The decision in the case of Green-man has been a precedent since the court sentenced the manufacturer to liability. The law of PL has been in force in 27 countries, including all of the EU countries, Japan, Philippines and China. It has been shown that the corporations which meet the Global Standard, could survive in global competition. The economic effects by the law of PL are the increase of consumers relief production cost by the lawsuits. This paper will recommend more biref method that is able to cover PSMS by use of QMS. It will make domestic corporation improve in the plan, manufacture and sale of products to meet the Global Standard.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

Objectives: There is no report on treatment of acute traumatic rotator cuff tear in Traditional Korean Medicine. We reported Traditional Korean Treatment for pain relief and better movement of acute traumatic rotator cuff tear. Methods: Shoulder MRI was used to confirm the diagnosis of tear of rotator cuff. The patient was treated with Traditional Korean Methods (Acupuncture, Herbal medicine, Pharmacopuncture) for 6 months. We evaluated the patient through VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), UCLA shoulder scale, ROM (Range of motion) and Shoulder MRI. Results: After 6 months of treatment, the patient's VAS was decreased whereas UCLA score and Shoulder ROM were increased. Rotator cuff tear was repaired on Shoulder MRI images. Conclusions: In acute traumatic rotator cuff tear, Korean Traditional Treatment is good method for pain relief and better movement.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.175-182
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• 2005

Objectives : There are little reports on treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome with acute bursitis and supraspinatus tendinopathy in traditional Korean Medicine. We suggest oriental treatment for pain relief and better movement of shoulder impingement. Methods : A -Shi Point, Sa-am acupuncture, ohjuksan-gamipang, seokyongtang-gamipang were used to treat shoulder pain. we evaluated the patient through VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) daily and Physical Examinations. Results : After 5 days of treatment, shoulder pain was decreased from VAS 7.5 to VAS 2 and After 3 weeks, the patient showed nearly full ROM(range of movement). Conclusion : In shoulder impingement syndrome, oriental treatment is good method for pain relief and better movement.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Kynesio-taping therapy (KTT) on chronic joint pain among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A pre-experimental design was used. KTT was employed on 23 consenting community older adults visiting a community center. KTT was applied on the painful joint for 3-4 days. Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale. Results: Frequent locations of pain were waist (43.8%), knee (28.1%), shoulder (12.4%), and head (9.4%). Time of severe pain during the day was mid-day (47.8%), early morning (21.7%), and evening (13.0%). Pain relief management included hospital visitation (65.2%), medication (17.4%), and application of a poultice (13.0%). Pain scores were significantly decreased after KTT compared to pretest scores acquired prior to taping (p<.001). Conclusions: KTT is a cost-effective, easy-to-use, and effective form of pain relief in older adults with chronic joint pain. Clinical practitioners can consider KTT as a complementary method of chronic pain control in older adults.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Vibration and noise of gears is doc to the transmission error and the vibration exciting force caused by the periodically alternating tooth stiffness. Transmission error is the rotation delay between driving and driven gear caused by manufacturing error, alignment error in assembly and so on. Tooth stiffness changes with the proceeding mesh of teeth. The purpose of this study is to develop how to calculate simultaneously the optimum amounts of tooth profile modification. end relief and crowning by minimizing the vibration exciting force of helical gears. We estimate the vibration exciting force by the meshing analysis of gears. Formulated constraints of this problem consist of contact ratio and strengths of gear teeth such as tooth bending strength, surface durability, and scoring. ADS(Automated Design Synthesis) is used as an optimization tool. We also investigate the relation between the aspect ratio and the optimum values of tooth modification. The proposed method can calculate the optimum amount of tooth modification automatically and is expected to be practically useful to resolve the problem of vibration of helical gears.