• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2010

수소에너지는 환경오염과 화석에너지 고갈에 따른 에너지 문제를 해결할 수 있는 유력한 대안으로 주목받고 있다. 수소에너지 시대 개막을 위한 준비는 아직 걸음마 단계이나 정부의 지속적이며 전폭적인 정책적 재정적 지원과 더불어 각 분야의 연구 기술개발 활성화 노력을 통해 조속한 시일 내에 실현될 것으로 예상된다. 세계 무역의 견인차 역할을 맡고 있는 선박에 수소에너지 기술을 도입하고 활용하기 위한 준비와 연구가 절실하다. 일각의 수소 연료전지선박에 관한 연구와 실증이 활발히 진행 중인 사실은 고무적이다. 이와 함께 보다 대형화되는 선박과 해상의 특수한 환경 속에서 수소에너지를 직접 이용해 항행에 필요한 동력을 얻을 수 있는 수소엔진과 같은 다양한 방법에 관한 연구도 병행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.112-124
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the various postpartum symptoms and the relevant factors. So it can provide fundamental data about postpartum health care. In conclusion, we can prevent and manage the postpartum disease by using this data. Methods: The subject of the present study was 94 women (63 women who completed vaginal delivery and 31 women who delivered by cesarean section) who completed labor between November 1, 2013 and January 31, 2016, at the clinic of OB&GYN. They have been taking good care of their health at postpartum clinic in Andong Woori Women Hospital. We investigated the various symptoms and situation which occurred from the moment of hospital to postnatal admission health care period, and Korean medical doctor examined the patients through the four examination methods. We classified the symptoms by maternal age, the frequency of maternal childbirth, the method of delivery, the delivery season, the term of pregnancy, the body weight of infant, the weight change of mother and the way of feeding. Results: There were no remarkable corelation in the frequency of symptoms according to maternal age, the way of delivery, the delivery season, the change of weight before and after of delivery, gestational weeks at delivery, the manner of feeding and the body weight of infants except for the frequency of maternal childbirth. Conclusion: The symptoms of hemorrhoids, the feeling of coldness and chilliness increased with increasing the frequency of maternal childbirth. Other circumstances, there was no relationship with symptoms of postpartum.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.183-232
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• 1999

The legislative body of The People's Republic of China, the National People's Congress, enacted the first arbitration act in China's history on August 31st, 1994, which took effect on September 1, 1995. The problems revealed through a comparison of China's Arbitration Act with the UNCITRAL model arbitration law were studied as well as the enacting process, background, status and system, important contents, problems of Chaina's Arbitration Act, and the differences between the old arbitration regulations and the new arbitration act. These are all discussed in this paper. The Arbitration Act is the basic act ruling over china's arbitration system: it unified the previously confusing laws and regulations relevant to the arbitration system, and the act brings out fundamental changes in China's domestic arbitration to the level of international arbitration standards. It is possible to view this act as a cornerstone in China's arbitration system. But, as discussed in this paper, there are still a lot of problems with the new act and only a few of the merits which the UNCITRAL model arbitration law has. First, under China's Arbitration Act, parties enjoy autonomy to some degree, but the range of party autonomy, compared to that of the UNCITRAL model arbitration law, is too narrow. Second, because China's Arbitration Act didn't explicitly provide issues which can give rise to debate, a degree of confusion in its interpretation still remains. Third, China's Arbitration Act's treatment of some important principles was careless. Fourth, in some sections, China's Arbitration Act is less reasonable than the UNCITRAL model arbitration law. These problems must be resolved in order to develop China's arbitration system. The best way of resolving these problems for China is to adopt the UNCITRAL model arbitration law. But it is difficult to expect that China will accept this approach, because of the present arbitration circumstances in China. Although it is difficult to accept all the contents of the UNCITRAL model arbitration law, China's legislators and practitioners must consider the problems mentioned in this paper.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2011

관광지ITS는 해당 관광지역에 관련한 관광과 교통(명승지, 도로망, 주차, 소요시간 등)에 관한 정보를 제공하는 시스템이다. 하지만 관광주유행동의 관점에서 관광지 정보제공 시스템이 아직 충분히 고려되지 못하고 있다. 관광주유행동의 의사결정에 있어 다양한 정보 니즈가 존재하기 때문에 정보이용과 주유행동의 관련성이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 관광지ITS구축을 향한 기본적인 정보니즈 분석과 기존 주유행동 모형 재구축의 기초적 시사점 도출을 목적으로 후지5호 관광지의 정보이용과 주유행동의 관련성 분석을 수행하였다. 구조방정식을 이용한 관련성 분석결과, 주유행동의 단계에 따른 정보이용이 지역인지도와 주유행동에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이는 관광주유행동분야에서도 정보에 의존하고 있다는 점을 밝히고 있다. 또한 이러한 결과는 관광지ITS에 관한 기초적 정보를 제시하고 있다.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2013

R&D is inherently an uncertain endeavor, yet now more than ever those performing R&D with public funding are called upon to clarify the utility of their research. Calls for public accountability are mounting with the increase in constraints on government budgets due to the recent worldwide economic recession, in response to which both policymakers and researchers pay much more attention to rigorously assessing publicly funded R&D. A key issue complicating R&D evaluation in these circumstances is how to adequately account for the nature and degree of risk involved in a given R&D program or project. This study deliberates on certain issues involving the measurement of ex-ante risk in public R&D evaluation: (i) information asymmetry between R&D sponsors and performers, (ii) ambiguity in the measurement of returns in both prospective and retrospective evaluation, and (iii) the dilemma between measurement error and omitted variable bias for empirical estimation of R&D performance. The study then presents an analysis of hypothetical evaluation results that apply risk-relevant weights to the annual evaluation outcomes of South Korea's national R&D programs funded during 2006~2012. In this counterfactual re-evaluation of public R&D program performance, high-risk R&D programs turn out to receive higher evaluation than non-high-risk programs. The current study suggests that R&D evaluation ignoring ex-ante risk is not only conceptually invalid since R&D activities are intrinsically uncertain endeavors, but unfair as R&D performers are asked to be accountable for the results that were in fact out of their reach.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Purpose: The increase in patients requiring hemodialysis has resulted in an increase dialysis-associated infections risk. but there are no Renal Dialysis unit design standard meet specified safety and quality standards. Therefore, appropriate Establish standards and legal regulation is important for the provision of initial certification and maintenance of facility, equipment, and human resource quality. Methods: Literature survey on the design guideline and standards of Renal Dialysis unit design in Korea, U.S, Germany, Singapore, Hongkong, Dubai. Results: There are no established standards for facilities in dialysis units in Korea. To prevent infections in dialysis patients, necessary establish standards. Considering the domestic and overseas Health-care facilities standards, the major factors to be considered in the medical environment for Renal Dialysis Unit are as follows. First, planning to separate Clean areas(treatment area) from contaminated areas(medical waste storage area). Second, ensure sufficient space and minimum separation distance. Although there may be differences depending on the circumstances of individual institutions, renal dialysis unit consider the space to prevent droplet transmission. Third, secure infrastructure of infection prevention such as sufficient amount of hand hygiene sinks. Hand washing facilities for staff within the Unit should be readily available. Hand hygiene sinks should be located to prevent water from splashing into the treatment area. Fourth, Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system for Renal Dialysis Unit is all about providing a safer environment for patients and staff. Implications: The results of this paper can be the basic data for the design of the Renal Dialysis Units and relevant regulations.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1054-1061
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• 2015

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been regulating emissions by making mandatory the compliance with institutions aimed at protecting air quality such as the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and Tier III. Under the circumstances, one of the response measures considered to be the most feasible is the replacement of existing marine fuel with Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). The industry has been preemptively building infrastructure and developing and spreading engine technology to enable the use of LNG-fueled ships. The IMO, in turn, recently adopted the International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flash-Point Fuels (IGF Code) as an institutional measure. Thus, it is required to comply with regulations on safety-related design and systems focused on response against potential risk for LNG-fueled ships, in which low-flash-point fuel is handled in the engine room. Especially, the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) Convention was amended accordingly. It has adopted the qualification and training requirements for seafarers who are to provide service aboard ships subject to the IGF Code exemplified by LNG-fueled ships. The expansion in the use of LNG-fueled ships and relevant facilities in fact is expected to increase demand for talents. Thus, the time is ripe to develop methods to set up appropriate STCW training courses for seafarers who board ships subject to the IGF Code. In this study, the STCW Convention and existing STCW training courses applied to seafarers offering service aboard ships subject to the IGF Code are reviewed. The results were reflected to propose ways to design new STCW training courses needed for ships subject to the IGF Code and to identify and improve insufficiencies of the STCW Convention in relation to the IGF Code.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2007

This article explores how non-dominant medical practitioners shape their own self-images and the identity of relevant medicine and in what ways fashioning of self-images and accompanying modalities of medical practice informs the social evolution of the medicines at specific times and over specific places, by means of the historical configuration of osteopathy and chiropractic in the UK and the US. Attention is directed onto motivations and pursuits for professional recognition and actual strategies and activities of non-dominant medicines and its practitioners by turning to historical instances such as osteopathy and chiropractic in the UK and the US, not least drawing focus on professional desires with regard to circumstances it faces within and without. Some non-dominant medicines as a way with which to acquire and protect the exclusive monopoly of its knowledge and practical skills, adopted various forms of professionalism project, as dominant biomedical groups pressed up non-dominant medicines by virtue of marginalizing tactics. Meanwhile, non-dominant medicines took somewhat distinctive professionalisation strategies from each other. Strategies they took were diversified depending on medical philosophy, healing modality, the degree of occupational solidarity embodied as forms of medical organisation, and especially vocational aspiration and prospect. Change of socio-medical culture and the state's policy seems to have wielded critical influenceon the determination of the ups and downs of non-dominant medicines. From the perspective of long-term time span, dominant biomedicine eventually did not have much influence on the ups and downs of marginalized medicines in so far as in the case of osteopathy and chiropractic in Englandand the U. S.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2011

사회적 문화적 중심지였던 기존 구도심이 재개발 지역으로 지정된 이후, 다양하고 복잡한 이해관계와 갈등으로 오랫동안 개발이 되지 못하고, 장기간 방치되어 도시가 노후화되는 등 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히, 국내 도시환경정비사업의 계획단계에서 주민참여 배제 및 공공기관 내 협의가 미비한 상태로 계획수립이 진행됨에 따라 용역비가 늘어나고 사업비가 증대되어 전반적으로 사업추진이 저해되고 있는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해소하고자 초기 계획단계에서 주민과 공공이 함께 참여하는 민 관 협의체를 도입하는 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 사례조사를 통하여 도출한 주민보상비, 적정한 건축계획수립 및 기반시설 분담금 부담 비율 등의 중점관리항목에 대하여 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 제시된 도시환경정비사업의 계획단계 민 관 협의체 도입 방안을 적용할 경우, 향후 사업 시행단계에서 발생할 수 있는 갈등 요인을 사전에 제거함으로써 원활한 사업추진에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2010

현재 국토지리정보원은 전국 44개의 상시관측소를 이용하여 VRS 서비스를 제공하고 있으며 이를 이용하여 짧은 시간 동안 취득된 자료의 처리를 통해 높은 위치정밀도의 획득이 가능하다. 그러나 공공기준점 측량을 위한 VRS 측량의 가용성 분석은 미비한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 환경에서 데이터를 취득하여 공공기준점 측량에 대해 적용하기 위한 VRS 측량의 정확도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 85%의 데이터가 4cm 이내의 수평오차가 나타남으로써 VRS 측량에 적용할 수 있다고 판단되었고 좌표의 정확도를 판별하는 인자로 GDOP(Geometric Dilution of Precision)보다는 추정된 좌표의 분산을 나타내는 PQ(Position Quality)를 이용하는 것이 효율적임을 알수 있었다. 또한, 현재 대표적인 VRS 장비회사인 TRIMBLE, MAGELLAN, LEICA, TOPCON의 장비의 정밀도를 비교분석한 결과 수평위치의 표준편차가 3cm 미만으로 나타났으며, 회사 장비 별 정밀도는 비슷한 것으로 확인 되었으며, 공공기준점 측량에 VRS 측량을 적용하여도 무방하다고 사료된다.