• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2023

Under the dual pressure of population growth and land shortage, threedimensional development is the inevitable choice for cities in China. In such a scenario, a mixed-use complex has considerable potential in its realization and research. Based on space syntax and the three-dimensional visibility graph analysis, this paper describes the spatial and functional layout of the Shanghai Super Brand Mall and studies the relationship between spatial visibility and user behaviour through linear regression analysis and correlation analysis. This paper studies three different types of user behaviour, namely, path selection, staying selection, and store selection, and finds that spatial visibility and accessibility have different effects on user behaviour depending on the type and purpose of the activity. This paper reveals the influence of spatial and functional layout on user behaviour and puts forward the corresponding design strategy under the three-dimensional environment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2010

This study analyzed the vocabulary level in the 'Water' unit of chemistry I textbook. It also analyzed its relevance to the 11th graders' vocabulary level. The main tool for analyzing vocabulary level was SWA(Science Word Analysis) program which was referenced the Standard Korean Dictionary and Graduated Vocabulary of Korean Language Education. The results in this study turned out to be as follows: The distribution of scientific vocabulary level increased from Level-1 to Level-3 and showed a tendency to decrease from Level-3 until Level-5. The average percentage of Out of level is the largest as 37%. The highest percentage of non-scientific vocabulary was Level-1. The distribution of non-scientific vocabulary level decreased progressively. The Level-5 and Out of level are used 18% averagely. So, there are 6 vocabularies of Level-5 and 82 vocabularies of extra-level inappropriate in scientific vocabularies. And there are 53 vocabularies of Level-5 and 145 vocabularies of Out of level inappropriate in non-scientific vocabularies. Therefore, the overall state of textbooks for grade 11 students are reasonable. But there are a great many vocabularies inappropriate for them. Those should be used minimum, and to be changed to the 1-4 of level vocabulary as stated in the student's level of understanding of appropriate vocabulary.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.346-350
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• 2009

Although salt is known to influence the performance of nitrification significantly, it has not been well reported on how salt affects ammonia-oxidizing bacterial(AOB) community compositions and dynamics in wastewater treatment bioreactors. In this study, these questions were evaluated in a full-scale bioreactor treating saline wastewater. Clone library analysis for the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene revealed that AOB belonging to the Nitrosomonas europaea and the N. oligotropha lineages inhabited in the bioreactor. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for monthly samples demonstrated a fluctuation pattern among AOB populations, although AOB within the N. europaea lineage were dominant during the test period. Correlation analysis between patterns of terminal restriction fragments and environmental variables suggested that sodium, chloride, and sulfate were less important; rather, temperature was the most significant factor affecting the AOB community in the bioreactor.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.75-87
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• 2020

The present study determined new value that can be created through the convergence between artificial intelligence technology (AIT) and all industries by deriving and thoroughly analyzing major issues related to artificial intelligence (AI). This study analyzes domestic articles related to AI using topic modeling method based on LDA algorithm. Keywords were extracted from 3,889 articles of eleven metropolitan newspapers, eight business newspapers and major broadcasting companies; articles were selected by searching for the keyword "artificial intelligence". Keywords were extracted by optimizing the relevance parameter λ to improve the measure of pointwise mutual information (PMI), which shows the association among the keywords of each topic, and topic names were inferred from keywords based on valid evidence. The extracted topics widely showed changes occurring throughout society, economy, industries, culture, and the support policy and vision of the government.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Autonomic and EEG responses were analyzed in 32 college students exposed to visual stimulation with Korean Affective Picture System (KAPS) and 36 students exposed to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Cardiac, electrodermal, and electrocortical measures were recorded during 30 sec of viewing affective pictures. The slides intended to elicit basic emotions (fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and sadness) were presented to subjects via Kodak slide-projector. The aim of the study was to differentiate autonomic and EEG responses associated with the same negative valence emotions elicited by KAPS and IAPS stimulation and to identify the influence of cultural relevance on physiological reactivity. The analysis of obtained results revealed significant differences in physiological responsiveness to emotionally negative valence slides from KAPS and IAPS. The typical response profile for all emotions elicited by the KAPS included HR acceleration (except surprise), and increase of electrodermal activity, slow and fast alpha blocking and fast beta power increase in EEG, which was not associated with significant asymmetry (except fast alpha in sadness). Stimulation with the IAPS evoked HR deceleration, specific electrodermal responses with relatively high tonic electrodermal activation, alpha-blocking and fast beta increase, and was accompanied also by theta power increase and marked frontal asymmetry (e.g., fast beta, theta asymmetries in sadness, fast alpha in fear). Physiological responses to fear and anger-eliciting slides from the IAPS were significantly less profound and were accompanied by autonomic and EEG changes more typical for attention rather than negative affect. Higher cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity to fear emotion observed in the KAPS, e.g., as compared to data with the IAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of the KAPS in producing certain emotions such as fear in Koreans.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.59-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between consumer 's self - determination psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relevance) related to fair trade and brand equity related to fair trade products through empirical analysis. It is meaningful that it is linked to strategic brand management based on consumer need satisfaction. As a result of empirical analysis of this study, Fair Trade attitude plays an important role in the relationship between self - determination psychological desire and brand equity. Especially, Consumer need Satisfaction with competence was found to be a strategically important construct. Based on the results of this study, it is expected to provide important implications for future strategic management of brand equity related to Fair Trade products.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.582-590
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• 2022

As security threats caused by cyber attacks continue, security control is mainly operated in the form of a service business with expertise for rapid detection and response. Accordingly, a number of studies have been conducted on the operation of security control services. However, due to the research on the resulting management, indicators, and measurements, the work process has not been studied in detail, causing confusion in the field, making it difficult to respond to security accidents. This paper presents ISMS-P-based service management methods and proposes an easy outsourcing service management method for client by checklisting each item derived from the mapping of 64 items of ISMS-P protection requirements through business relevance analysis. In addition, it is expected to help implement periodic security compliance and acquire and renew ISMS-P in the mid- to long-term, and to contribute to enhancing security awareness of related personnel.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1355-1366
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• 2020

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value and prognostic relevance of FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 234 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent FDG PET-CT between June 2008 and February 2016. The diagnostic performance of FDG PEG-CT was compared to that of contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT) and MRI. Independent prognosticators for poor survival were also assessed. Results: The sensitivity of FDG PET-CT for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases was lower than that of MDCT or MRI (p < 0.001), whereas the specificity and positive predictive value for detecting regional lymph nodes metastases was significantly better in FDG PET-CT compared to MDCT and MRI (all p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield of distant metastases detection among three diagnostic imaging techniques. In a multivariate analysis, maximum standardized uptake values (SUV_max) of the primary tumor (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.69) and of the metastatic lesions ≥ 5 (adjusted HR, 8.10; 95% CI, 1.96-33.5) were independent contributors to poor overall survival in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. In a subgroup analysis of 187 patients with periductal infiltrating type of cholangiocarcinoma, an SUV_max of the primary tumor ≥ 5 was associated with an increased risk of regional lymph node (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% CI, 0.55-4.63) and distant metastases (adjusted OR, 100.57; 95% CI, 3.94-2567.43) at diagnosis as well as with poor overall survival (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.04-3.15). Conclusion: FDG PET-CT showed lower sensitivity for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node involvement than MDCT and MRI. However, the SUV_max of primary tumors and metastatic lesions derived from FDG PET-CT could have significant implications for predicting prognoses in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

Elastomeric O-ring seals are widely used in static and dynamic applications. A compressed and highly pressurized O-ring seal inserted under laterally one-sided constrained condition has been analyzed experimentally and numerically. The deformed shape and extrusion length of the O-ring under high pressure has been measured by the computed tomography. Through the comparison of experimental and FE results, the numerical analysis technique has been verified. Using verified FE method, the contact stress profiles at sealing surfaces have been investigated and their relevance to the 0-ring performance evaluated based on stress-related and displacement-related parameters. It has been found that the contact stress profiles and deformation behaviors of the seal are affected by friction coefficient, gap clearance, and pressure considerably.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.19-40
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper's purpose is to investigate how foreign ownership and innovation affect firm value. Design/methodology - Firm innovation is defined as operational efficiency, which is calculated by adopting data envelopment analysis (DEA). Additionally, R&D intensity is included as a measure of innovation in the analysis. We used firm-level data from manufacturing companies in Korea. The sample comprised 3,753 firm-year observations for every year in the period 2003-2017. Findings - We found that foreign ownership and innovation are positively related to firm value (Tobin's Q). Foreign ownership moderates innovation's contribution to firm value, implying that foreign ownership may enhance the value relevance of firm innovation. In addition, we found that firm innovation partially mediates the relationship between foreign ownership and firm value. Originality/value - This highlights the important role of foreign investors' monitoring; wherein foreign investors enhance firm value by facilitating firm innovation. Our results suggest that foreign ownership can be crucial for innovation and may serve to address weak ownership structures.