• 제목/요약/키워드: Release effect

검색결과 2,876건 처리시간 0.037초

Addition of Capsicum oleoresin, Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde and their mixtures to the broiler diet II: Effects on meat quality

  • Ipcak, Hasan Huseyin;Alcicek, Ahmet
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제60권4호
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    • pp.9.1-9.11
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    • 2018
  • Background: In recent years, with the prohibition of antibiotics used as growth stimulants in the nutrition of farm animals, researchers have searched for alternative natural and reliable products in order to be able to sustain the developments experienced during the use of antibiotics and to overcome the possible inconveniences. In this context, studies on evaluation of essential oils in poultry nutrition have been reported to improve the utilization of feed, stimulate the release of digestive enzymes, increase absorption in the stomach and intestines, antimicrobial and anti-parasitic effects and thus, can be an alternative to antibiotics and improve meat quality as well. Indeed, this study has been carried out to explore the effects of the addition of 150 mg/kg capsicum oleoresin (CAP), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN) or their mixture (CAP+CAR+CIN) into the broilers' ration over sensory, physical and chemical properties in breast meat and leg meat. Methods: Experiments were conducted over 400 male and female broiler chicks (Ross-308) in 5 groups (1 control group and 4 treatment groups), each composed of 80 chicks. The control group was fed without feed additives while the second, third, fourth and the fifth groups were fed with 150 mg CAP/kg feed, 150 mg CAR/kg feed, 150 mg CIN/kg feed, and 150 mg CAP+CAR+CIN/kg feed, respectively. Results: Addition of CAP, CAR, CIN or CAP+CAR+CIN had effects on the sensory (of taste, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability); physical properties (of $L^*$ value and toughness), the chemical properties (of DM, CF, CP, linoleic, EPA, behenic, MUFA, PUFA and ${\Sigma}n-6$ of the leg meat), the physical characteristics (of toughness and firmness), and the chemical properties (of CF, CP, linoleic, ecosenic, EPA, lignoseric, MUFA and ${\Sigma}n-3$) of the breast meat in comparison to control group. Furthermore, while the treatments had positive impacts on thawing loss, cooking loss and water holding capacity in both breast and leg meat; no effect was observed on pH value and lipid oxidation on day 1, day 4 and day 8. Conclusion: The results strongly suggested that the addition of CAP, CAR, CIN or CAP+CAR+CIN to the rations of the broiler chicks changed the sensory, physical and chemical properties of breast and leg meat. It was also observed that these compounds were more effective when they were added to the ratio as a mixture rather than adding them individually.

Assessment of In Vitro Assay System for Thyroid Hormone Disruptors Using Rat Pituitary GH3 Cells

  • Kim, Hee-Jin;Park, Hae-Young;Kim, Jeong-A;Kang, Il-Hyun;Kim, Tae-Sung;Han, Soon-Young;Kang, Tae-Seok;Park, Kui-Lea;Kim, Hyung-Sik
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.307-313
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    • 2006
  • The development of in vitro assays has been recommended to screening and testing the potential endocrine disruptors (EDs). These assay systems focus only on identifying the estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of EDs, whereas a few studies have been carried out to screen the thyroid hormone (TH) disruptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate a test system to detect TH disruptors using rat pituitary tumor $GH_3$ cells. The test system is based on the TH-dependent increase in growth rate. As expected, L-3,5,3-triiodothyronine ($(T_3)$ markedly induced a morphological change in $GH_3$ cells from flattened fibroblastic types to rounded or spindle-shaped types. $T_3$ stimulated $GH_3$ cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum growth-stimulating effect being observed at a concentration $1{\times}10^9M$. In addition, $T_3$ increased the release of growth hormone and prolactin into the medium of the $GH_3$ cells culture. Using this assay system, the TH-disrupting activities of bisphenol A (BPA) and its related compounds were examined. BPA, dimethy/bisphenol A (DMBPA), and TCI-EP significantly enhanced the growth of $GH_3$ cells in the range of $1{\times}10^{-5}M\;to\;1{\times}10^{-6}M$ concentrations. In conclusion, this in vitro assay system might be useful for identifying potential TH disruptors. However, this method will require further evaluation and standardization before it can be used as a broad-based screening tool.

Inhibitory Effects of Coptis japonica Alkaloids on the LPS-Induced Activation of BV2 Microglial Cells

  • Jeon, Se-Jin;Kwon, Kyung-Ja;Shin, Sun-Mi;Lee, Sung-Hoon;Rhee, So-Young;Han, Seol-Heui;Lee, Jong-Min;Kim, Han-Young;Cheong, Jae-Hoon;Ryu, Jong-Hoon;Min, Byung-Sun;Ko, Kwang-Ho;Shin, Chan-Young
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.70-78
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    • 2009
  • Coptis japonica (C. japonica) is a perennial medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory activity. C. japonica contains numerous biologically active alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, epi-berberine, and coptisine. The most well-known anti-inflammatory principal in C. japonica is berberine. For example, berberine has been implicated in the inhibition of iNOS induction by cytokines in microglial cells. However, the efficacies of other alkaloids components on microglial activation were not investigated yet. In this study, we investigated the effects of three alkaloids (palmatine, epi-berberine and coptisine) from C. japonica on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. BV2 microglial cells were immunostimulated with LPS and then the production of several inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were examined as well as the phosphorylation status of Erk1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Palmatine and to a lesser extent epi-berberine and coptisine, significantly reduced the release of NO, which was mediated by the inhibition of LPS-stimulated mRNA and protein induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from BV2 microglia. In addition to NO, palmatine inhibited MMP-9 enzymatic activity and mRNA induction by LPS. Palmatine also inhibited the increase in the LPS-induced MMP-9 promoter activity determined by MMP-9 promoter luciferase reporter assay. LPS stimulation increased Erk1/2 phosphorylation in BV2 cells and these alkaloids inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2. The anti-inflammatory effect of palmatine in LPS-stimulated microglia may suggest the potential use of the alkaloids in the modulation of neuroinflammatory responses, which might be important in the pathophysiological events of several neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and stroke.

Type A Botulinum Toxin이 장딴지근 퇴축에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Botulinum Toxin A on Calf Reduction)

  • 박정민;하재성;이근철;김석권;이기남;이명종;이건호
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2005
  • Botulinum toxin type A is widely used for anti-wrinkling therapy, and correction of the square face. The toxin ultimately prevent the release of membrane-bound acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction of striated muscles and thus produce chemical denervation and paralysis of the muscles. Our purpose of study is to know if application of botulinum toxin type A on calf reduction is effective, how much dosage is effective, and what are the possible complications. We reviewed data of 30 consecutive patients subjected to calf reduction in Dong-A University Hospital from February 2003 to April 2003. We injected normal saline 2cc on both calves region in 15 control group patients, and the other patients was divided 3 group. Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 was injected 50U, 100U, 150U botulinum toxin A on each calf region and followed up for 6 month. Maximal circumference of calf was not changed in the control group but an average of 0.7 cm reduction was noted in group 1, average 1.34 cm(right calf) and 1.26cm(left calf) in group 2, average 1.44cm(right calf) and 1.58cm(left calf) in group 3. Maximal area of calf was not changed in the control group but average reduction of 12.5%(right calf) and 12.7%(left calf) was obtained in group 1, average 19.4% (right calf) and 19.9%(left calf) in group 2, average 24.8%(right calf) and 21.07%(left calf) in group 3, as measured on CAT scan. Total fat amount and fat amount in the lower extremity was no change in all the groups, but lean body mass was decreased average 1.27%(right calf) and 1.15%(left calf) in group 1, average 3.47%(right calf) and 2.98%(left calf) in group 2, average 3.58%(right calf) and 3.95%(left calf) in group 3. Photography of the preoperative and postoperative 6 month state revealed higher satisfaction in Group 2, 3 compared to Group 1. Use of botulinum toxin type A in calf reduction is a very simple, safe, non-invasive method and effective in terms of calf contouring rather than reduction of calf circumference.

소엽 추출물이 마우스모델에서 항알레르기 반응에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Perilla frutescens Extract on Anti-allergic Reactions in a Mouse Model)

  • 고정아;임헌선;김건희;박지용;한찬규;박현진
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.488-493
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    • 2010
  • $80^{\circ}C$에서 30% 주정으로 추출된 소엽추출물 분말의 로즈마린산 함량은 12.3 mg/g이었으며, 소엽 30% 주정추출물분말(PF-E30)은 생쥐모델 실험에서 ant-DNP IgE으로 활성화된 local allergy 반응과 compound 48/80으로 유도된 mast cell-mediated immediatetype allergy 반응에 대한 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 더욱이, PFE30(0.1-0.5 mg/kg BW)의 투여는 혈장 히스타민 수준을 유의성있게 감소시켰으며, compound 48/80 또는 anti-DNP IgE으로 활성화된 복막 비만세포로부터 히스타민 방출을 억제하였다. 특히 PFE30는 antigen-induced IgE 의 생산을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 이런 결과는 소엽 주정추출물이 in vivo 및 in vitro 실험에서 mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergy 반응을 저해한다는 것을 제시한다. 소엽 주정추출물이 알레르기 반응을 억제하는 기능성 식품 소재로서의 개발을 위해서는 mast cell mediated-type allergy 반응에 대한 보다 많은 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Growth, Flowering, and Nutrient Composition of Salvia Grown in Peat moss Media Containing Pellets Processed with Poultry Feather Fibers at Different Mixing Ratios

  • Yoo, Yong Kwon;Kim, In Kyung;Roh, Mark S.;Roh, Yong Seung;Huda, Masud
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.289-299
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    • 2017
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing perlite (PL) with pellets processed with poultry feather fiber as an inert material to prepare growing medium. The growth and flowering of Salvia splendens 'Vista Red' grown in individual growing medium $Biosangto^{(R)}$, peat moss (PM), PL, and two pellets (P45-1 and P45-2) were evaluated. Peat moss was mixed with PL, P45-1, or P45-2 at various ratios (1:0 to 1:3 or 3:1 by volume) to investigate the feasibility of replacing PL with pellets. Nutrient composition of the growing medium and leaf tissues was analyzed. The number of florets, inflorescence length, plant height, and fresh weight of plants grown in media containing P45-1 or P45-2 were reduced compared to those grown in individual growing medium PM or PL. As the mixing ratio of P45-1 or P45-2 to PM was higher, the growth of salvia, such as inflorescence length, plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight was inhibited. Our results indicate that mixing three parts PM with one part of P45-1 (PM/P45-1/3:1) or P45-2 (PM/P45-2/3:1) accelerated flowering and increased the number of florets and leaves compared to other mixing ratios of PM and pellets media. The concentrations of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), boron (B), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in individual growing medium PL, P45-1, and P45-2 were significantly lower than those in PM. The concentration of N was the highest in leaves of plants grown in P45-1 or P45-2 amended media, and the concentrations of P, Ca, and zinc (Zn) in leaves were lower in individual growing medium P45-1 or P45-2 than in PM and PL. The pH of PM/P45-1/3:1 or PM/P45-2/3:1 media was maintained at optimal level (5.8-5.9) and the concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the media and leaves were considered to be optimal levels. Therefore, mixing three parts PM with one part P45-1(PM:P45-1/3:1) or P45-2 (PM:P45-2/3:1) is recommended for improved growth and flowering in salvia. This suggests that P45-1 or P45-2 can replace PL as an inert material to prepare growing medium.

솔잎착즙액을 첨가한 설기떡의 가열조리에 따른 항산화 및 항유전독성 효능 검증 (Changes in the Antioxidative and Antigenotoxic Effects After the Cooking Process of Sulgidduk Containing Pine Needle Juice)

  • 이현정;김소윤;박재희;김래영;정현숙;박은주
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.453-462
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    • 2013
  • Recently, two formulas of sulgidduk added to pine needle juice (PNJ) with various physiological activities were developed for metabolic syndrome patients in our lab. According to previous studies, cooking may alter antioxidant properties by initiating destruction, release or transformation of antioxidant compounds contained in food. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities and antigenotixic effects of sulgidduk with/without PNJ and to note changes in these activities after cooking. The ingredients of sulgidduk was added on the basis of 100% rice flour as follows: conventional sulgidduk (S): 1.5% salt, 30.0% sugar; PNJ added to sulgidduk A (PS-A): 1.4% salt, 30.0% sugar, and 1.0% PNJ; PNJ added to sulgidduk B (PS-B): 1.5% salt, 21.4% sugar, and 1.4% PNJ. Ethanol and water extracts of sulgidduk were analyzed for the total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH RSA), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antigenotoxic effect by comet assay. The ethanol extracts PS-A and PS-B showed higher TPC and antioxidant activities (DPPH RSA, TRAP, and ORAC) than did the S ethanol extract before cooking. The more PNJ was added, the higher TPC and anitoxidant activities were observed in sulgidduk (PS-A$200{\mu}M$ of $H_2O_2$. Taken together, this study suggests that sulgidduk added to 1.44% of pine needle juice may be a good option antioxidant and antigenotoxic source.

콘칼로리미터에 의한 외단열시스템의 방염 화재성능평가를 위한 연구 (A Study on Fire Performance Evaluation of EIFS on Anti-Flaming Finish by Cone Calorimeter Test)

  • 민세홍;선주석;김상철;최용묵;이석기
    • 한국화재소방학회논문지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.106-111
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는, 건축 외장재로 많이 사용되고 있는 외단열시스템에 대해 방염 효과를 확인하기 위하여 콘칼로리미터 실험을 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 방염제의 도포 형태나 농도에 따라 초기 착화 시점을 지연하는데 효과가 있었으나, 외벽 수직화재 발생 시 외단열시스템의 방염처리는 화재에 영향을 미치지 못할 것이라는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 외단열시스템에 사용하는 고밀도와 저밀도 스티로폼의 밀도차에 의한 화재에 미치는 영향은 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 실험 시 외장재의 착화는 40초 전후로 발생하였으며, 방출열량도 100초 이내에 약 90 %가 발생하는 것으로 나타나 다른 외벽재료와 비교하여 초기 화재 확산이 매우 빠름을 알 수 있었다. 외단열시스템 외장재 화재로 인한 화재 확산을 방지하기 위해서는 법적으로 외단열시스템의 적용 시 건물의 용도별로 사용을 제한하거나 화염전파를 차단할 수 있는 수직외벽 구획 등의 대책이 시급히 요구된다.

CIDR를 이용한 재래 흑염소의 발정동기화와 인공수정 (Effect of CIDR on Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination of Korean Native Goat)

  • 최창용;강다원;조상래;김현종;최선호;최순호;김영근;노규진;최상용;손동수
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.297-302
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 재래 흑염소의 인공수정기술을 개발하여 우수한 재래 흑염소의 이용효율을 극대화시키는데 그 목적을 두고 축산연구소 가축유전자원 시험장에서 사육하고 있는 재래 흑염소의 정액을 채취하여 이를 동결보존한 후 필요시 사용하였다. 발정동기화 처리로 인위적으로 발정을 유기한 개체에 인공수정을 실시하여 처리방법별 발정 유기율, 호르몬의 변화양상 및 분만율을 조사하였다. 발정동기화 방법 중 CIDR+$PGF_2a$ 방법에서 $55.6\%$, CIDR+PMSG 방법에서 $40.0\%$ 발정이 발현되었다. CIDR+$PGF_2a$와 CIDR+PMSG 두 처리구에서 CIDR삽입 후 progesterone 농도가 상승하여 CIDR 제거하는 당일까지 높은 수준의 progesterone의 혈중 농도를 유지하였다. 그러나 CIDR를 제기하면 다음날 바로 그 농도가 1 ng/mL 수준으로 급격히 떨어지는 것을 확인함으로써 재래 흑염소의 발정동기화를 위해 CIDR를 이용하는 것이 유용한 방법으로 확인되었다. 이들 중 CIDR+$PGF_2a$를 사용하였을 경우 신선 정액에서 $25\%$, 동결정액에서 $20\%$의 분만율을 나타내었다.

보튤리눔 톡신-A가 백서의 임의 피판 생존율에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Botulinum Toxin-A on the Survival of Random-Pattern Cutaneous Flap in Rat)

  • 김영석;이재수;유원민;탁관철
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.360-366
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Botulinum toxin type A(BoTA) can block the release of vasoconstriction cotransmitters as well as acetylcholine in nerve terminal. The authors observed that BoTA increases flap survival by preventing sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels. Methods: 10 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control(n=5), and BoTA group(n=5). $3{\times}10cm$ sized random pattern cutaneous flaps were elevated on the dorsal side in both groups. In BoTA group, BoTA was injected into the flap via intradermal to subdermal route, 7 days before the flap elevation. Flap survival rates (survival area/total area) were measured 7 days after the elevation. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in proximal, middle and distal compartments of the flap using laser Doppler flowmetry initially, preoperatively, at immediate postoperation, and 7 days after flap elevation, respectively. Histological examination was performed 7 days after the flap elevation. The number and shape of the vessels were evaluated under microscope. Results: Mean flap survival was $53.18{\pm}6.58%$ in control group and $93.79{\pm}6.06%$ in BoTA group, displaying statistically significant difference(p=0.0008, p<0.05). In the control group, blood flow to the middle and distal compartments of the flap decreased significantly immediately after flap elevation. In the BoTA group, blood flow to the middle compartment did not decrease(p=0.002) and slightly decreased in the distal compartment(p=0.001). Cutaneous blood flow was significantly higher in all compartments of the flap in BoTA group than in control group, 7 days after the flap elevation. In histopathologic examination, greater number of vessels were noted in the BoTA group than in the control group. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin A can increase the survival of the random pattern cutaneous flap in rats by preventing the sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels.