• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2021

This study was conducted to grasp users' preferences and behavior of forest paths and to provide basic data for forest path construction in the future. Among forest path users, males and females over 20 years old were surveyed on forest path preferences, motives for visiting, using time and distance, companions, and sources for obtaining information on forest paths. A total of 587 people participated in the questionnaire, and cross-analysis was conducted simultaneously using the SPSS statistical program. In analyzing the preference of forest paths, it was found that male and the general public preferred trekking path for activities while female and foresters preferred forest path for relaxation and healing (p<0.05). As for the motives for visiting forest paths, the response that they visited for a walk/rest was the highest in gender, occupation, and age group. As for the number of annual visits, less than 5 was the highest in overall, and foresters tended to visit forest path more often than the general public, and the number of visits to the forest paths increased with age (p<0.01). The most common route to acquire information about forest paths is the Internet, while the Internet use is relatively low in those over 60s (p<0.05). The response ratio of accompanying their family in visiting forest paths were the highest, while the response in their 20s and 60s was the most in accompanying their friends (p<0.05).

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the content and effectiveness of psychosocial support interventions for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The following databases were searched with no limitation of the time period: Ovid-MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid-Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, NDSL, KoreaMed, RISS, and KISS. Two investigators independently reviewed and selected articles according to the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. ROB 2.0 and the RoBANS 2.0 checklist were used to evaluate study quality. Results: Based on the 14 selected studies, psychosocial support interventions were provided for the purpose of (1) informational support (including GDM and diabetes mellitus information; how to manage diet, exercise, stress, blood glucose, and weight; postpartum management; and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus); (2) self-management motivation (setting goals for diet and exercise management, glucose monitoring, and enhancing positive health behaviors); (3) relaxation (practicing breathing and/or meditation); and (4) emotional support (sharing opinions and support). Psychosocial supportive interventions to women with GDM lead to behavioral change, mostly in the form of self-care behavior; they also reduce depression, anxiety and stress, and have an impact on improving self-efficacy. These interventions contribute to lowering physiological parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels. Conclusion: Psychosocial supportive interventions can indeed positively affect self-care behaviors, lifestyle changes, and physiological parameters in women with GDM. Nurses can play a pivotal role in integrative management and can streamline the care for women with GDM during pregnancy and following birth, especially through psychosocial support interventions.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2021

Purpose: The relationship between the staff area and the patient's private area is the key factor in designing the structure and the environmental characteristics of ward spaces in a psychiatric hospital. Recent research has found that for the purpose of treatment and securing privacy, psychiatric patients need to be in an open space of relief rather than closed confined environment and under the watch of nursing staffs. Methods: A survey at three kinds of wards in a private psychiatric hospital in Japan was conducted in October 2002. These wards include an acute ward, a psychiatric convalescence ward, and a stress care ward. All three kinds of wards have the same structure. At each ward, spatial preferences of the 145 psychiatric inpatients were surveyed and data concerning the patient's diagnostic category, symptoms, and activities of daily living were recorded. Results: The patients in the stress care ward prefer to stay in private spaces than public spaces. On the other hand, in the acute ward the patients seem to have a preference between managed public spaces where are monitored by nursing staffs and their private rooms where the nurse station is close. In addition, the patients in the psychiatric convalescence ward spend most of their time in the public space, such as the hallways or the day room. Implications: Base on this research, the spaces at the acute ward that could be monitored by the nursing station serves effectively as a safety space for patients was concluded. However, in the stress care ward, the patients may perceive the monitoring by the nursing staff as interruption or nuisance to their relaxation. In order to design an ideal healing environment for psychiatric patients in psychiatric ward, it is important to consider how environmental characteristics of space affect the environmental sense of patients in each ward.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2021

The main target of this study is to investigate nonlinear transient responses of moving polymer nano-size plates fortified by means of Graphene Platelets (GPLs) and resting on a Winkler-Pasternak foundation under a transverse pressure force and a temperature variation. Two graphene spreading forms dispersed through the plate thickness are studied, and the Halpin-Tsai micro-mechanics model is used to obtain the effective Young's modulus. Furthermore, the rule of mixture is employed to calculate the effective mass density and Poisson's ratio. In accordance with the first order shear deformation and von Karman theory for nonlinear systems, the kinematic equations are derived, and then nonlocal strain gradient scheme is used to reflect the effects of nonlocal and strain gradient parameters on small-size objects. Afterwards, a combined approach, kinetic dynamic relaxation method accompanied by Newmark technique, is hired for solving the time-varying equation sets, and Fortran program is developed to generate the numerical results. The accuracy of the current model is verified by comparative studies with available results in the literature. Finally, a parametric study is carried out to explore the effects of GPL's weight fractions and dispersion patterns, edge conditions, softening and hardening factors, the temperature change, the velocity of moving nanoplate and elastic foundation stiffness on the dynamic response of the structure. The result illustrates that the effects of nonlocality and strain gradient parameters are more remarkable in the higher magnitudes of the nanoplate speed.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2021

Due to increasing awareness on the treatment of end-of-use/life products, disassembly has been a fast-growing research area of interest for many researchers over recent decades. This paper introduces a novel lot-sizing problem that has not been studied in the literature, which is the service-parts lot-sizing with disassembly option. The disassembly option implies that the demands of service parts can be fulfilled by newly manufactured parts, but also by disassembled parts. The disassembled parts are the ones recovered after the disassembly of end-of-use/life products. The objective of the considered problem is to maximize the total profit, i.e., the revenue of selling the service parts minus the total cost of the fixed setup, production, disassembly, inventory holding, and disposal over a planning horizon. This paper proves that the single-period version of the considered problem is NP-hard and suggests a heuristic by combining a simulated annealing algorithm and a linear-programming relaxation. Computational experiment results show that the heuristic generates near-optimal solutions within reasonable computation time, which implies that the heuristic is a viable optimization tool for the service parts inventory management. In addition, sensitivity analyses indicate that deciding an appropriate price of disassembled parts and an appropriate collection amount of EOLs are very important for sustainable service parts systems.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2021

Background: This study was to investigate the effects of active stretching and stability exercise on piriformis muscle thickness and low back pain of male patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 45 male patients participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned. Subjects divided into 15 who underwent contract relaxation (CR) of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) to their hip joints, 15 who underwent a combination of isotonic (CI) of the PNF, and the rest 15 who underwent the two techniques (CR+CI). Real-time diagnostic ultrasound was used to measure thickness of the piriformis muscles. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure degrees of low back pain. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the average values. The SPSS 24.0 was used as the statistical program, and the significance level was set at .05. Results: The CR and the CR+CI groups had more decreased thickness of piriformis muscle when compared to the CI group. The CR+CI group had more decreased pain when compared to the CR and the CI groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that combination of stretching and stability exercise was effective on male patients with chronic low back pain showing limited hip medial rotation.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2021

Background: The understanding of back-pain as one of the commonest clinical presentations, made the path to the present study. More than three-quarters of the world's population experience back-pain at some time in their lives Purpose: The present study has evaluated the selected Naturopathic therapeutic procedures on individuals with low back-pain. Methods: Thirteen patients were selected for the study and randomly divided into two groups, viz., Group A, Naturopathic group and Group B, Control group. One patient discontinued. Naturopathic group was treated with mud pack, aromatherapy massage with Eucalyptus oil, acupressure, steam, wet trunk pack, exercises, relaxation and breathing exercises. Advice for life style and diet was given for patients of both the groups. The effect of the therapy was assessed subjectively and objectively. Particular scores drawn for Naturopathic group and control group were individually analyzed before and after treatment and the values were compared using standard statistical protocols. Results: Naturopathic intervention revealed 100% relief in both subjective and objective parameters (i.e., 6 out of 14 parameters showed statistically highly significant P < 0.01 results, while 8 showed significant results P < 0.05). Conclusion: Statistically highly significant results of this study point out the successful management of the multi factorial low back-pain with a multi focused Naturopathic treatment approach. Such encouraging results may pave the way for a future study on a large sample in a longer duration incorporating clinical investigations.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2021

본 연구는 심폐소생술에 주로 사용되는 체간 근육이 플랭크 운동을 통해 가슴압박에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상자들은 12주 프로그램에 참여하였으며 한 명의 대상자가 8분 동안 가슴 압박만을 실시하였다. 플랭크 운동에 의한 근육량 변화는 프로그램 4주차부터 8주차까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.01). 근육 활동 변화는 3주부터 10주까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.01). 흉부 압박 깊이는 4주차부터 8주차까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.01). 또한 불완전한 압박 후 가슴 이완은 4주차부터 10주차까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.01). 가슴압박 유지 시간은 2주에서 12주까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.01). 연구대상자의 근육량과 근육 활동은 플랭크 운동 프로그램에 참여한 후 이전보다 더 많이 증가하여 가슴 압박에 도움이 된다는 것을 보여주었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2021

Time effect on the deformation and strength characteristics of geogrid reinforced sand retaining wall has become an important issue in geotechnical and transportation engineering. Three physical model tests on geogrid reinforced sand retaining walls performed under various loading conditions were simulated to study their rate-dependent behaviors, using the presented nonlinear finite element method (FEM) analysis procedure. This FEM was based on the dynamic relaxation method and return mapping scheme, in which the combined effects of the rate-dependent behaviors of both the backfill soil and the geosynthetic reinforcement have been included. The rate-dependent behaviors of sands and geogrids should be attributed to the viscous property of materials, which can be described by the unified three-component elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model. By comparing the FEM simulations and the test results, it can be found that the present FEM was able to be successfully extended to the boundary value problems of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls. The deformation and strength characteristics of the geogrid reinforced sand retaining walls can be well reproduced. Loading rate effect, the trends of jump in footing pressure upon the step-changes in the loading rate, occurred not only on sands and geogrids but also on geogrid reinforced sands retaining walls. The lateral earth pressure distributions against the back of retaining wall, the local tensile force in the geogrid arranged in the retaining wall and the local stresses beneath the footing under various loading conditions can also be predicted well in the FEM simulations.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

This study developed a comprehensive and easily applicable nuclear reactor control system evaluation method using reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database. A proposed control panel design cycle consists of the 5 steps: (1) finding out inconvenient, erroneous, and mentally stressful factors for the proposed design through evaluative experiments, (2) drafting improved design alternatives considering detective factors found out in the step (1), (3) comparative experiements for the design alternatives, (4) selecting a best design alternative, (5) returning to the step (1) and repeating the design cycle. Reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database collected from evaluative experiments in the step (1) and comparative experiments in the step (3) of the design cycle have a key roll in finding out defective factors and yielding the criteria for selection of the proposed reactor control systems. The behavioral database was designed to include the major informations about reactor operators' control behaviors: beginning time of operations, involved displays, classification of observational behaviors, dehaviors, decisions, involved control devices, classification of control behaviors, communications, emotional status, opinions for man-machine interface, and system event log. The database for mental workload scored from various physiological variables-EEG, EOG, ECG, and respir- ation pattern-was developed to indicate the most stressful situation during reactor control operations and to give hints for defective design factors. An experimental test for the evaluation method applied to the Compact Nuclear Simulator (CNS) installed in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) suggested that some defective design factors of analog indicators should be improved and that automatization of power control to a target level would give relaxation to the subject operators in stressful situation.