• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1995

To investigate the response rate for family examination and the morbidity of family members, we reviewed the medical records of 1,525 tuberculosis patients at health center of Sunsan county in Kyungpook province from January 1981 to December 1990. The response rate for family examination in the first period(1981-1985) was 20.0%, and that in the second period(1986-1990) was 78.8%. The response rate for family examination was rapidly increased with the year. The kinship between the tuberculosis patients and examinees was very closely related with the response rate of family examination. The radiological finding was closely related with rate for family examination was 63.0% in the children of patients, 28.9% in wives or husbands of patients, 28.8% in other relatives and 19.9% the morbidity rate of family examinees. The severe the radiological finding, the higher the tuberculosis morbidity rate of family examinees. The prevalent rates of family examinees were 6.2% in parents, 4.3% in wives or husbands, 1.1% in children, and 1.5% in other relatives of parents. The results of this study suggest that the response rate for family examination should be increased especially for the old people, such as parents of tuberculosis patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1837-1846
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• 2016

Background: Colon cancer screening (CRCS) uptake is markedly affected by public awareness of the disease. This study was conducted to assess levels of knowledge of CRC, to explore the pattern of CRCS uptake and identify possible barriers to screening among Saudis older than 50 years of age and primary care providers (PCPs) in Al Hassa region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected primary health care (PHC) centers, 884 Saudis and 39 PCPs being enrolled for data collection. Structured interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, personal information relevant to CRC, awareness about early signs/symptoms and risk factors, and barriers to CRCS. Also, a self- administered data collection form was used to assess barriers to CRCS from the physicians' perspectives. Results: More than 66% of participants were lacking knowledge about CRC. Participants with higher educational levels, having ever heard about CRC, and having relatives with CRC had a significantly higher awareness of the disease. The rate of reported CRCS was low (8.6%). After conducting a logistic regression analysis, it was observed that female gender (OR=0.28; 95% CI=0.14-0.57; P=0.001), being unmarried (OR=0.11; 95% CI=0.10-0.23; P=0.001), lower levels of education (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.16-0.82; P=0.015), and having no relatives with CRC (OR=0.30; 95% CI=0.17-0.56; P=0.001) were significantly associated with a lower CRCS uptake. There was a significant difference between most of the perceived barriers to CRCS and gender. Exploratory factor analysis showed that personal fear (especially fear of the screening results and shyness) was the major factor that hindered CRCS with high loading Eigen value of 2.951, explaining 34.8% of the barriers of the included sample toward utilization of CRCS, followed by lack of awareness of both person and providers (high Eigen value of 2.132, and explaining 23.7% of the barriers). The most frequently cited barriers to CRCS from the physicians' perspectives were lack of public awareness, lack of symptoms and signs, and fear of painful procedures. Conclusions: Poor levels of knowledge about CRC were found among older Saudis attending PHC centers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to implement an organized national screening program in Saudi Arabia to increase public awareness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1982

Presently, there is increasing demand for geriatric nursing care due to increasing proportion of elderly population and extended age. And, of particular importance in deforming the effectiveness of nursing care given to the elderly is the attitude of nursing personnel toward the elderly patient. This study was intendent to investigate the attitudes of baccalaureate nursing students toward the elderly, and to investigate any possible correlation between these attitudes and the following variables: the students' levels (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior), their preferences for var-ious fields of specialization in nursing after graduation, their clinical experiences with geriatric-patients, their personal experience with elderly family members, their educational experience of the elderly's health problems and geriatric nursing, and their experience with relatives and acquaintances over 60 years of age. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compile basic data about the attitudes of nursing students toward the elderly in order to contribute to the improvement of geriatric nursing. The subjects for this study were 259 nursing students: 163 in the College of Nursing at E-womans University., and 96 in the Department of Nursing in K. College. Data was collected from the 11th of Sep., to the 8th of Oct., 1981, using the Tuckman-Lorge Attitude Questionnaire which contained 131 items excepting 6 items. The attitudes toward the elderly was scored by the use of mean and standard deviation. The relations between attitudes toward the elderly and six independent vairables were analysed by T-test. The results which were obtained are as follows : 1. The attitude score of nursing students was M=71.67 S.D= 16.18. Nursing students agreed with 54.8% of the stereotypic statements, and they had stereotypic attitudes toward the elderly relatively. (P<0.01). 2. There was a significant difference between the attitudes of nursing students toward the elderly, and sophomores had a less stereotypic attitudes than juniors and seniors (P<0.01). 3. There was significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the preferences for various fields of specialization in nursing after graduation, and nursing students those who wanted maternity fields had a more stereotypic attitudes than others (P<0.05, p<0.01). 4. There was no significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the clinical experience with the geriatric patients (P>0.05). 5. There was no significant difference between the attitude3 toward the elderly and the personal experience with elderly family members (F>0.05). 6. There was no significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the educational experience of the elderly's health problems and geriatric nursing (P>0.05). 7. There was no significant difference between the attitudes toward the elderly and the experience with relatives and acquaintances over 60 years of age (P>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2011

The morphological characters of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. and its relatives were examined. The major features of S. kakudensis were determined to resolve the taxonomic confusion with the closely related taxa of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, S. pilosa and S. cephalantha. S. kakudensis is characterized by its flowering in Jul. to Sep., the node numbers on a stem, the size of the leaves, the development of inflorescences and the presence of glandular trichomes on its stems and leaves. S. cephalantha is distinct from S. kakudensis by the earlier flowering season, fewer node numbers on a stem, and fewer numbers of flowers on shorter rachis. Smaller sizes of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, considered to be a problematic character previously, are stable and distinctive from other taxa in the natural habitats of the multiple populations investigated in the study. Therefore, the taxon should remain as a variety of S. kakudensis. An examination of the diagnostic characteristics of S. pilosa, such as its inflorescence type and the presence of a stem with pubescence, does not provide sufficient distinction from S. kakudensis. A type specimen and habitat survey also support the merging of the two taxa. S. pilosa should be treated as a synonym of S. kakudensis, because it is considered to be a misidentification of S. kakudensis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.334-345
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• 2016

This study conducted surveys on perception and utilization of Korean soybean paste targeting 493 women from their 20s to 60s residing in Daegu. Most subjects married (75.3%), were part of a nuclear family (84.8%), had more than a high school diploma (95.8%), had a career (47.9%), lived in an apartment (68.4%), had a total household income of 5 million won or more (38.1%), and had monthly food expenses more than 0.5 million won and less than 1 million won (42.2%). Regarding perception, 'rich nutrition' was the most commonly held perception in subjects in their 60s (4.4), followed by 'good taste' in subjects in their 40s (4.3). Regarding reasons for consumption 'healthy' was highest in subjects in their 60s (47.3%) and 40s (45.6%) and 'delicious' in subjects in their 20s (56.1%). Regarding how to make it, subjects in their 60s responded 'know for sure' (57.1%), while only 2% of 20s responded the same. Subjects in their 50s and 60s had a higher ratio of answering 'know' while 20s and 30s 'don't know', For preparation methods, subjects in their 20s (53.1%) and 30s (41.4%) answered 'buy at the market', subjects in their 40s (68.9%) 'get from family or relatives' and subjects in their 60s (47.3%) 'make by one's own'. For preservation method, subjects in their 20s and 30s answered 'preserve in refrigerator', the 60s tend to answer 'preserve in jangdokdae'. Buying at the market was most common in subjects in their 20s (36.1%) and 30s (28.5%) and the reason was 'convenient' (39.6%). The place of purchase was 'in large supermarket or department store' (78.5%). For the future consumption pattern, 'increase in consumption of commercialized product (44.0%)', subjects in their 60s answered 'keep making at home' while subjects in their 30s and 40s answered 'keep making at home or buying product half and half'. According to the above study results, women living in Daegu region were aware of excellence of traditional soybean paste. However, due to changes in residential circumstance and lack of knowledge about the recipe, they did not make. They receive soybean paste t from family, relatives or bought in the market, which indicates the continuous decrease in home-made soybean paste. Therefore, due to the expanding social participation of women, the product market is expected to increase. I think it is important to develop traditional commercial soybean paste in the traditional way to improve the traditional flavors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumption prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplements as health functional foods (VM-HFF) and to examine the factors associated with VM-HFF consumption behaviors in adolescents. A total of 1,407 adolescents attending middle or high schools from various cities and rural communities in Korea participated in this study. The prevalence of VM-HFF consumption was 41.7%, with boys showing a higher consumption than girls (p<0.01). VM-HFF consumption was higher in families with higher socioeconomic status and for families with parents that exhibited higher concerns about their child's health, growth, and nutritional intake (p<0.001). Most consumers of VM-HFF consumed HFFs 'when healthy' (50.1%), and acquired nutritional information from 'their families & relatives' (50.9%). Most consumers responded that VM-HFF was 'a little effective' (54.3%), followed by 'no obvious effects' (37.1%), and 'very effective' (7.4%). The effectiveness of consuming VM-HFF was mainly for 'fatigue recovery' (39.0%) and 'health improvement' (28.2%). Most consumers purchased HFFs at 'pharmacies & oriental medicine clinics' (53.8%) and at 'health functional food stores' (18.8%). Most consumers 'occasionally' (51.1%) or 'seldom' (27.3%) checked nutrition facts when purchasing, with 58.9% of consumers understanding the nutritional label for 'the most part', but only 8.7% of them understanding it 'very well'. Among the VM-HFF, consumers preferred calcium- and vitamin C-supplements. Consumers' mini-dietary assessment scores were higher than those of non-consumers. The results above showed that VM-HFF consumption was widely spread among adolescents, but few consumers checked and understood the nutrition label when they purchased VM-HFF, and were highly dependent on the advice and information from non-professional nutritionists, such as families & relatives. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents to help them read nutrition labels and select the proper VM-HFF.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

Objective: This study was conducted to describe physical therapists' attitudes and beliefs towards Korean Government's National Long Term Care Insurance Program implemented last July 2008. Design: A survey research. Methodology: Participants were 143 physical therapists working in General Hospitals or University Hospitals in Busan, Korea. Each of the participants completed a questionnaire which was comprised of 22 questions. Among the 22 questions, 7 of these were independent variables such as gender, age, career, etc. while 15 of these questions were dependent variables such as the subject's expectations and reactions on the said program, opinions of the participants on the impact of the program to old people's families and relatives, participant's sentiments on social effects of this program to the society, etc. Data collection was conducted from the $20^{th}$ of July to the $5^{th}$ of August, 2008. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, frequency and cross tabs using SPSS/PC program. Results: Based on the survey conducted, it showed that 50.3% were female respondents, 53.8% were on their twenties, 31.5% of the total respondents were married and that a percentage of 82.4% had working experiences below 10 years. About 80.4% of respondents were satisfied of their jobs and 32.4%of the respondents graduated from three - year college degree, 49.3% of the respondents graduated from four-year college degree. 95.1% of the total respondents knew the existence of the national long term care insurance program of the government and almost 78% got the information of the said program via internet, news paper or T.V. About 86% of the respondents believe that there will be future improvements in the quality of life in Korea through the said program and 82% said that there will be an increase sense of responsibility among family members to take care of their old relatives. 67.2 % of respondents believe that problems regarding old people will be solved through the government's national long term care insurance program. In aspect of Physical Therapy, 50% of the respondents expected generation of more jobs especially to physical therapists and 95% of the respondents want to work in any position in the said program especially those are more experienced ones. Conclusion: Physical Therapists in Korea are aware of the existence of the National Long Term Care Insurance Program of the Korean Government. Based on the gathered results from the survey, many experienced physical therapists of the country wanted to acquire positions in the said program especially that their expertise are needed in the said field. Through this study, it is evident that many physical therapists of the country have positive vibes on the said program and are optimistic on the outcomes of the said insurance program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2761-2765
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• 2016

Opisthorchiasis is a health problem in rural communities of Thailand, particularly in the northeast and north regions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate raw fish consuming behavior related to liver fluke infection among the population at risk for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Meuang Yang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeast Thailand, between June and October 2015. Participants were screened for CCA, and samples who had a high score of CCA risk were purposively selected. A predesigned questionnaire was utilized to collect the data from all participants. $X^2-test$ was used for analysis of associations between demographic data and raw fish consumption. The results revealed that participants had past histories of stool examination (33.0%), liver fluke infection (21.0%), praziquantel use (24.0%), raw fish consumption (78.0%), relatives family consuming raw fish (73.0%), and relatives family with CCA (3.0%). Participants consumed several dished related to liver fluke infection, mainly raw fermented fish (13.0%), under smoked catfish (5.00%), raw pickled fish (4.00%), and raw spicy minced fish salad (3.00%). The most common types of cyprinoid fish were Barbodes gonionotus (39%), Hampala dispar (38%), Puntius brevis (37%), Cyclocheilichthys armatus (33%), Puntioplites proctozysron (32%), and Luciosoma bleekeri (30%), respectively. Participants had a low level of knowledge (mean=3.79, SD=0.74), moderate attitude (mean=7.31, SD=7.31) and practice (mean=38.64, SD=6.95) regarding liver fluke prevention and control. Demographic variables like age (>36 years old; $X^2-test=17.794$, p-value=0.001), education (primary school; $X^2-test=18.952$, p-value=0.001), marital status (married; $X^2-test=12.399$, p-value=0.002), and income (<5,000 baht; $X^2-test=27.757$, p-value=0.015) were significantly associated with raw fish consumption. This result indicates that the population had risk consumption for liver fluke infection particularly of various cyprinoid fishes that are $2^{nd}$ intermediate hosts. Therefore, health education is required to improve their behavior.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.51
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• pp.183-210
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate correction-level associated with the social support perceived by juvenile delinquents. To accomplish these purposes, this study used sample of 546 juvenile delinquents who are in the process of the beginning stage in the police and prosecution. Social support and correction were assessed with an instrument designed for this study. Juvenile delinquents completed instruments assessing the following variables: (1) perceived social support scale, specially social support types(esteem support, emotional support, informational support) and social support providers (parents, relatives, friends, teachers, community) (2) correction scale, specially social stigma, social deprivation, self reflection, legal consciousness, self concept. The resulting scale of the instrument had good internal reliability(Cronbach's alpha=. ) and was scored so that high scores indicated a willingness to access. To examine this purpose, One way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis were conducted. And the results are as follows: The relationship ratings of the correction factors were positively associated with their rating of the type of social support. Informational support was positively associated with self reflection and esteem support was positively associated with self concept, legal consciousness, self reflection and emotional support were positively associated with esteem. The type of support according to support providers was significant, explaining 25% of the variance in self concept scores. The significant predictor was esteem support from friends and emotional support from a community. The type of support according to support providers was significant, explaining 20% of the variance in legal consciousness scores. The significant predictor was informational support from teachers and esteem support from a community. The type of support according to support providers was significant, explaining 21% of the variance in self reflection scores. The significant predictor was esteem support and emotional one from relatives.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2023

This study was intended to discuss the economic exclusion of the elderly, which may be experienced in a super-aged society, and to propose a method to improve the interpersonal satisfaction of the elderly through the expansion of social networks in order to overcome this. As a result of this study, first, it suggests that the method of overcoming economic exclusion and improving human satisfaction requires a high interest in women in the subject, and the elderly, low-educated, It was found that it is urgent to overcome the economic exclusion of the low-income class. Second, as a result of examining the effect of social network on human relationship satisfaction, it was found that the more women, the higher the age, the more shopping, and the smoother communication with children, the higher the human relationship satisfaction. Third, as a result of examining the effect of economic exclusion on human relationship satisfaction, it was found that the more leisure activities visited relatives and relatives, and the more paid facilities used social networks, the lower the relationship satisfaction. Therefore, it can be seen that improvement measures for leisure activities and social networks are required. Fourth, as a result of examining the mediating effect of the social network, the social exclusion in the causal relationship in which the independent variable economic exclusion affects the dependent variable, human relationship satisfaction, The relational network was found to have a complete mediating effect. In conclusion, economic exclusion and social network affect human relationship satisfaction, and it was found that human relationship satisfaction improved only when economic exclusion was overcome and social network was improved.