• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 1996

In this thesis, we investigate the psychosocial variables within the family environments of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with (ADHD+CD/ODD) or without (ADHD) externalizing symptoms. The subjects in this research were 86 boys and girls(aged range 6 to 14 years) consisted of 20 ADHD, 22 comorbid ADHD(ADHD+CD/ODD) and 44 normal control group(NC). We have collected data on children and their mothers. The psychosocial variables included in the analysis are socioeconomic status, parent's educational level, life stress event, and the rate of psychiatric disorders in relatives. The self-reported questionnaires marital discord(MAS), parenting stress(PSI), and parenting attitute(MBRI) completed by mothers. The results indicated that ADHD+CD/ODD is supposed to have higher level of family adversity suggested by the lower SES, lower parental educational level, higher life stress events, and more psychic disorders in relatives compared with ADHD or normal control group. In MAS, ADHD+CD/ODD group has significantly the lowest scores on each factor of the measure of marital adjustment. Parents of ADHD+CD/ODD are much more likely to have positive parenting stress when compared with the parents of ADHD. Especially, mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the lowest tendency in the mean score on affective, accepted attitudd. In an inapropriate parenting attitude perceived by children, father of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most negative, contradictory attitude and mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most restrictive, negative and contradictory attitude.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.507-533
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• 2009

This paper examines the time course and processing patterns of filler-gap dependencies in Korean relative clauses, using an eyetracking method. Participants listened to a short story while viewing four pictures of entities mentioned in the story. Each story is followed by an auditorily presented question involving a relative clause (subject relative or dative relative). Participants' eye movements in response to the question were recorded. Results showed that the proportion of looks to the picture corresponding to a filler noun significantly increased at the relative verb affixed with a relativizer, and was largest at the filler where the fixation duration on the filler picture significantly increased. These results suggest that online resolution of the filler-gap dependency only starts at the relative verb marked with a relativiser and is finally completed at the filler position. Accordingly, they partly support the filler-driven parsing strategy for Korean, as for head-initial languages. In addition, the different patterns of eye movements between subject relatives and dative relatives indicate the role of case markers in parsing Korean sentences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.376-385
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• 2014

This study is aimed to ascertain the hospital information inquired by medical consumers and to propose the consumer-oriented marketing direction of the medical institutions. In the pursuit of this purpose, we examined about the purpose of the hospital information usage by medical consumers, the contents of the inquired information, the method of the information acquisition and the practicability of the acquired information. As the result of this study, more than 90% out of the purposes of hospital information usage is for the practical use of the medical institution, especially, 58.7% is for the effective selection of the medical institutions when consumer's family or relatives are sick. Regardless of the purpose of hospital information usage, for the contents of the inquired information, more than 50% responded with the medical institution facility, the specific contents about the professional field and the special field. The most favorite method to acquire the information according to the purpose of hospital information usage is through 'Acquaintance' which are the highest rate, more than 50% and the level of 24~28% are through 'Internet'. And the practicability of the acquired information was fairly low like the result as 4.8% for the selection of the medical institutions when consumer's family or relatives are sick and 0.5% for the health counseling or the medical check-up.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1764-1772
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social capital on Goendang(relatives) culture, which is a traditional local community culture, and local development as a positive factor. In order to evaluate the effect of social capital, a survey targeting 600 Jeju residents was conducted and 594 returned questionnaires were interpreted for the final analysis. Descriptive analysis, T-test, ANOVA analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted on the collected data, using SPSS 18.0. As a result, firstly, the levels of social capital of the surveyed appear as follows: network (average score 4.01), trust (average score 3.80), norms (average score 3.43), cooperation (average score 3.00), and participation (average score 2.80). Secondly, there are differences in social capital among the surveyed groups based on urban-rural areas, administrative districts, and average monthly income. Finally, among the dimensions of social capital, as the relative importance of network and participation increases, the surveyed think that they need Goendang culture more. Also, i t turns out that as the relative importance of norms and participation increases, Goendang culture can exert influence on local development as an important influence factor. Therefore, based on the analysis, this study shows that nurturing social capital can allow people to utilize Goendang culture for local development as a positive community culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

To elucidate the origin and patterns of establishment of insular plants on Ulleungdo Island, maternally inherited chloroplast DNA, which is useful for tracing seed movements, was used. Fagus multinervis, an endemic species that dominated broadleaf deciduous forests on Ulleungdo Island, is an excellent model for such a study. To understand the diversity and spatial distribution of the chloroplast haplotypes of F. multinervis, nucleotide sequences of the psbA-trnH region were determined from 144 individuals sampled throughout the island. Results of a phylogenetic analysis of the region with close relatives of F. multinervis suggest that F. multinervis is sister to a clade of F. japonica and F. engleriana. No haplotype variation was found within F. multinervis. This remarkably low cpDNA haplotype diversity is in contrast to the findings of previous allozyme studies of F. multinervis populations that showed high genetic diversity on Ulleungdo Island. Repeated colonization during the early stage of establishment via birds that migrated from a source area where the F. multinervis cpDNA haplotype was geographically structured may have resulted in the observed pattern of haplotype diversity. Alternatively, long-distance dispersal of seeds of the progenitor of F. multinervis via birds or typhoons to Ulleungdo may have been a single event, whereas the immigration of pollen from the mainland likely occurred frequently. Comparative phylogeographic studies of other species endemic to Ulleungdo Island and their close relatives on the neighboring mainland are necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolution of the island's native species.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-44
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• 2009

This study examines long term performance of initial public offerings(IPO) after book building was introduced in KOSDAQ market. We use event time portfolio approach and calendar time portfolio approach to test if the performance of IPO is fair or not in long term. We estimate the performance by using the BHAR(buy and hold abnormal return), CAR(cumulative abnormal return), WR(wealth relatives) model in event time portfolio approach. And we calculate the performance by using Fama-French three factor model, CTAR(calendar time abnormal return), RATS(Return Across Time and Securities approach) model in calendar time portfolio approach. This study shows that the long term performance of IPO is positive with statistical significance as the results of the analysis through the various research method and all windows in all kinds of firms and total firms.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of professional attitude and image of dental hygienist in dental hygiene students. Data were obtained from 753 dental hygiene students from 3 colleges and 1 university located in Kyungki-do and Kangwon-do. The results, derived from using the SPSS 10.0 were as follows: 1. The level of professional attitude was 3.47 point, the level of image was 3.24 point. 2. Among the professional attitude, first grade, inexperience of practice experimental, dental hospital or general hospital of work choice, continuation of working period, recommend to family or relatives and professional mind of job are the each highest one. 3. Among the Image, first grade, inexperience of practice experimental, dental hospital or general hospital of work choice, continuation of working period, recommend to family or relatives and professional mind of job are the each highest one. 4. The correlation between professional attitude and image of dental hygienist in dental hygiene students was shown statistically significant positive relationship.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.24-39
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• 1995

For the purpose of clarifying to what degree the mothers of developmentally delayed children are involved in treating their child at home. 193 mothers were sampled from 220 mothers of developmentally delayed children below 12 years of age who have visited one of four institutions: the Rehabilitation Hospital of Yonsei Medical Center, Inchon Severance Hospital, Disabled Welfare Center in Myongil-dong, and Nambu Disabled Welfare Hall. The study period was from Mar. 25, 1995 through Apr. 15, 1995. A questionnaire survey was conducted listing the characteristics of the developmentally delayed children, their mothers, mother's satisfaction with their therapists, and the actual conditions of the home treatment. 1. The mothers who treat their child at home for more than 31 minutes a day show a high involvement score, while the mothers of those who give treatment for less than 30 minutes a. day show a low involvement score. That is, the longer the treatment, the greater the involvement score. This indicates a statistically significant result(p<0.01). 2. In cases where a child's father is involved in the home treatment, his/her mother discloses a statistically high involvement score(p<0.001). 3. The result of analysis of cases where other family members, relatives or friends (fathers excepted) reveals a statistically significant high involvement score(p<0.05) for the mother. 4. Mothers in general represent a statistically significant high involvement in home treatment. In the meantime, the mothers in a nuclear family show a higher involvement home treatment than mothers in an extended family(p<0.01). 5. Among those respondents who think that home treatment is helpful and that mothers' involvement in home treatment is helpful, the mothers record a statistically significant high involvement score(p<0.05). When seen from the above perspectives, it seems of much significance that fathers and other relatives or family members play an important role in enhancing the involvement of mothers in home treatment. One point to note here is that providing a long home treatment time is crucial. Therefore, it is recommended that family members have access to rehabilitation treatment for training developmentally delayed children or their care giver; and moreover, we needed to carry out family training or at least arrange for meetings between the family members and medical personnel involved in the child's rehabilitation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7533-7537
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer type, and the leading cause of death from cancer among women in Israel. The Bedouin-Arab (BA) population in southern Israel is characterized by a high rate of consanguinity, common hereditary disorders, and transition from a semi-nomadic, traditional society to a more sedentary and urbanized society. In this hospital-based study, the demographic and the clinicopathological characteristics of BC in BA were compared with Jewish patients. Materials and Methods: 85 BA patients treated at the Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheba, during the years 2004-2012, were studied and compared with 180 consecutive Jewish patients treated during the year 2007. Clinicopathological features compared included age, menopausal state, number of births, a history of BC in first-degree relatives, tumor size (T), extent of lymph-node involvement (N), distant metastases (M), stage, grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR), and Her2 status. Types of treatment, relapse rate and site, as well as outcome were also studied. Cox's regression models were applied for studying disease-free, and overall survival. Results: Compared with Jewish patients, BA patients were younger (average age $49{\pm}12$ yrs vs $59{\pm}13$, p<0.001), had a lower rate of BC in first-degree relatives (p<0.001), and a larger number of births ($6{\pm}4.2$ vs $2.5{\pm}1.9$, p<0.001). BA patients had larger tumors (p=0.02), more extensive lymph-node involvement (p=0.002), and more advanced stage (p=0.003). Grade, ER, PR, and Her2 status were similar in the two ethnic groups. Relapse type was most commonly systemic in BA patients (p=0.05), and loco-regional in Jewish patients (p=0.02). Median survival was 63, and 35 months for Jewish and BA patients, respectively (log-rank test, p=0.02). In Cox multivariate analysis, stage and PR status (HR-0.14, p<0.0001; HR-3.11, p=0.046), but not ethnicity, influenced overall survival. Conclusions: BC presents a decade earlier, and with more advanced disease in BA compared with Jewish patients. Biologic parameters including grade, ER, PR, and Her2 status were similar in both groups. Although prognosis was worse in BA than in Jewish patients, it was affected only by stage and PR status, but not by ethnicity.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2002

This study was conducted to identify the social support to living alone elderly in some rural communities and the level of life satisfaction. For the purpose of this study, face-to-face interviews and questionnaire were performed with 315 old people(male 43 and female 272) aged over 65 living alone in rural communities covered by 14 community health posts within Gyeongsangbuk-do Province randomly selected. The followings are summaries of findings; The average score of support from their children was $4.29{\pm}2.73$ out of 8. Variables that showed a significant difference were religion, level of living, type of medical insurance, frequency of meeting with children, time taken from houses of children by usual means of transportation, and subjective health status. It was found that the score of support from children was high for the elderly who had a religion, a good level of living, benefit from medical insurance, a high frequency of meeting with children, or a good subjective health status, or who resided close to their children's houses. The level of the support from friends and relatives showed a significant difference depending on the subjective health status, of which the average score was $4.13{\pm}2.61$ out of 8. The average score of the level of life satisfaction was $6.83{\pm}4.24$(male $7.60{\pm}4.09$ and female $6.71{\pm}4.26$) out of 17. Male elderly showed the higher level of life satisfaction than female elderly. Variables that showed a statistically significant difference in the level of life satisfaction were religion, level of living, medical insurance, hobby, children, disease, subjective health status, and ADL. That is, the level of satisfaction with life was found to be higher for the elderly who had a religion, a good level of living, benefit from medical insurance, a hobby, children, no diseases, or a good ADL, or who thought that they are healthy. The regression analysis with support from children as a dependent variable showed that the level of support from children was higher for the elderly who had a good level of living, frequency of meeting with children, or a good subjective health status. The regression analysis with the level of support from friends or relatives was higher for old people who had a good level of living. The regression analysis with the level of life satisfaction as a dependent variable showed that the factors which related to the level of satisfaction were sex, religion, level of living, hobby, ADL, and subjective health status. That is, it was found that for male elderly who had a religion, a good level of living or a hobby, or who thought that they were healthy, the level of life satisfaction was higher.