• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3950-3960
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수치모의를 통해서 월류 흐름이 존재하는 수몰 사각 실린더의 항력 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 모의의 신뢰성을 검토하기 위하여 실험자료와 비교하였으며 실험에서 측정하기 어려운 실린더 접촉면의 압력에 대한 분석을 통해서 상대 수심에 따른 항력의 특성을 분석하였다. 3차원 동수역학 모형을 이용한 수몰 사각 실린더의 항력 계산 결과는 실험자료의 상대 수심의 변화에 따른 항력계수의 변화를 유사하게 모의하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 수치모의 결과 분석에 의하면 수몰 사각 실린더에 작용하는 항력은 대부분 압력이며 상대 수심이 증가함에 따라 전단력의 비중은 감소하였다. 실린더 접촉면의 압력계수 분석 결과에 의하면 상대 수심이 낮은 경우에는 전면부에 높은 압력계수가 형성되고 후면부에 낮은 압력계수가 형성되어 결과적으로 높은 항력계수가 나타남을 확인하였다. 상대수심이 증가하면 전면부의 압력계수는 감소하고 후면부의 압력계수는 증가하여 2차원 흐름 내의 사각 실린더와 유사한 양상을 나타낸다. 정수압 영향 분석에 의하면 전면부와 후면부의 수위 차에 의한 정수압은 항력에 미치는 영향이 제한적이며 사각 실린더에 의해 형성되는 국부적인 수위와 함께 3차원적인 흐름에 의해 형성되는 동수압의 영향이 크다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.343-348
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• 1999

Delineation of watersheds is one of the most basic steps for water resource management and National Park management. The purpose of this study is to investigate how to utilize Thematic Mappers scenes to compare watersheds created by running a model with those produced by digitizing topographic maps of Keum River basin. A methodology is designed and tested using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing to map areas with various thematic maps. A CAD data on watersheds from the Decision Support system for Water Quality is converted into GIS format. The digital elevation model with 100-meter resolution is used to create watershed by cumulative watershed method. TM scenes are also classified by new procedures including stacking method, NDVI, NDWI, and unsupervised classification methods. To evaluate the relative correctness Kyerongsan National Park was studied intensively whose area was divided into 6 watersheds in both cases. The boundaries of watershed from the model are less correct than those of the topographic maps. This result shows that automated watershed creating system needs higher-resolution digital elevation model than 100-meters.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Most of chloride diffusion models based on finite difference method (FDM) could not express the diffusion in horizontal direction at each elevation. To overcome these weakness, two dimensional chloride ion penetration model based on finite element method (FEM) to be able to combine various multi-physics simultaneously was suggested by introducing moving mesh technique. To avoid the generation of mesh being able to be distorted depending on the relative movement of water level to static concrete, a rectangular type of mesh was intentionally adopted and the total number of meshes was empirically selected. The simulated results showed that the contents of surface chloride decreased following to the increase of elevation in the top part of low sea level, whereas there were no changes in the bottom part of low level. In the DuraCrete model, the diffusion coefficient of splashed zone is generally smaller than submerged zone, whereas the trend of Life365 model is reverse. Therefore, it could be understood that the developed model using moving mesh technique effectively reflects $DuraCrete^{TM}$ model rather than $Life365^{TM}$ model. In the future, the model will be easily expanded to be combined with various multi-physics models considering water evaporation, heat of hydration, irradiation effect of sun and so on because it is based on FEM.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to procure basic data to be used for solar power plant and concentrating collector designs. Site elevation is one of the major factors which influences the incoming insolation to the earth surface. Because the nonpermanent gases such as ozone, water vapor are unmixed components of the atmosphere and their concentrations are the function of height, the site elevation effects the relative proportion of the atmospheric constituents. We have measured solar radiation on Jiri Mt. (1,400m) and in Gurye area(115m) at the near same latitude. These values were then compared to obtain their characteristics and to investigate the potential for the solar utilization for both high and low elevated areas. From the experimental results, we concluded that 1) Daily mean horizontal global radiation and normal beam radiation on Mt. Jiri are 9.5%, and 35.3% higher than Gurye area respectively for a clear day. 2) A significant difference in atmospheric clearness index is observed between Mt. Jiri and Gurye areas.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This study tried to reveal relative surface denudation resistance and ranking by geologic types in the Southern Korean Peninsula using an 1:250,000 digital geologic map and ASTER GDEM. Among rock types such as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, metamorphic rock showed the greatest resistance to surface denudation. The most resistant rock to surface denudation by geologic periods (e.g., the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic) was found from the Precambrian. Among the major tectonic settings in the Southern Korean Peninsula such as the Gyeonggi massif, Okcheon belt, Yeongnam massif, Gyeongsang basin and Pohang basin, the Okcheon belt indicated the greatest resistance. The most and least resistant rocks from the representative nine rocks in the Southern Korean Peninsula were Paleozoic limestone, and Cretaceous sedimentary rock and Cenozoic sedimentary rock, respectively. This study suggests that Paleozoic limestone, Cretaceous volcanic rock, Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Precambrian gneiss can be regarded as hard rocks with high elevation, steep slope and complicated relief, while soft rocks with low elevation, gentle slope and simple relief are Jurassic granite, Cretaceous sedimentary rock and Cenozoic sedimentary rock.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.162-177
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• 2020

Background: Ecologists have achieved much progress in the study of mechanisms that maintain species coexistence and diversity. In this paper, we reviewed a wide range of past research related to these topics, focusing on five theoretical bodies: (1) coexistence by niche differentiation, (2) coexistence without niche differentiation, (3) coexistence along environmental stress gradients, (4) coexistence under non-equilibrium versus equilibrium conditions, and (5) modern perspectives. Results: From the review, we identified that there are few models that can be generally and confidently applicable to different ecological systems. This problem arises mainly because most theories have not been substantiated by enough empirical research based on field data to test various coexistence hypotheses at different spatial scales. We also found that little is still known about the mechanisms of species coexistence under harsh environmental conditions. This is because most previous models treat disturbance as a key factor shaping community structure, but they do not explicitly deal with stressful systems with non-lethal conditions. We evaluated the mainstream ideas of niche differentiation and stochasticity for the coexistence of plant species across salt marsh creeks in southwestern Denmark. The results showed that diversity indices, such as Shannon-Wiener diversity, richness, and evenness, decreased with increasing surface elevation and increased with increasing niche overlap and niche breadth. The two niche parameters linearly decreased with increasing elevation. These findings imply a substantial influence of an equalizing mechanism that reduces differences in relative fitness among species in the highly stressful environments of the marsh. We propose that species evenness increases under very harsh conditions if the associated stress is not lethal. Finally, we present a conceptual model of patterns related to the level of environmental stress and niche characteristics along a microhabitat gradient (i.e., surface elevation). Conclusions: The ecology of stressful systems with non-lethal conditions will be increasingly important as ongoing global-scale climate change extends the period of chronic stresses that are not necessarily fatal to inhabiting plants. We recommend that more ecologists continue this line of research.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

2012년 5월 발사된 다목적 실용위성 아리랑 3호는 단일 패스 상에서 0.7m의 공간해상도로 스테레오 영상을 획득할 수 있어 기존의 아리랑 2호에 비해 고품질의 Digital Elevation Model(DEM) 추출이 가능하다. 통상적으로 DEM 추출을 위해서는 영상 전반에 걸쳐 골고루 취득된 정밀한 기준점을 사용하여 센서모델링을 수행하고, 스테레오 매칭을 수행해야하나, 해외 지역이나 접근이 힘든 지역 등 GPS측량이 쉽지 않은 지역의 경우에는 무기준점 또는 기준점을 최소화하거나 기 구축된 공간 데이터를 활용하는 등의 방법으로 DEM을 추출해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 아리랑 3호 데이터로부터 무기준점 기반, 상대표정 기반, 단일 기준점 등 여러 가지 Rational Polynomial Coefficients(RPC) 처리 조건에 따라 DEM을 생성하고 정확도를 평가하였다. 기 구축된 공간영상인 Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle(DOQ) 와 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)을 기준점 자료로 활용하여 미국지역 아리랑3호 스테레오 데이터를 대상으로 DEM을 생성하였으며, LiDAR DEM을 이용하여 정확도를 평가하였다. 실험 결과 무기준점인 경우 상대표정을 통해 의미 있는 정확도 향상을 얻을 수 있었고, DOQ와 SRTM 조합의 단일 기준점으로도 영상 전반에 걸쳐 기준점을 획득한 경우에 근접하는 7m 정도의 DEM 정확도를 확보할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2006

Loss of maxillary molar teeth leads to rapid loss of crestal bone and inferior expansion of the maxillary sinus floor (secondary pneumatization). Rehabilitation of the site with osseointegrated dental implants often represents a clinical challenge because of the insufficient bone volume resulted from this phenomenon. Boyne & James proposed the classic procedure for maxillary sinus floor elevation entails preparation of a trap door including the Schneiderian membrane in the lateral sinus wall. Summers proposed another non-invasive method using a set of osteotome and the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) was proposed for implant sites with at least 5-6mm of bone between the alveolar crest and the maxillary sinus floor. The change of grafted material in maxillary sinus is important for implant survival and the evaluation of graft height after maxillary sinus floor elevation is composed of histologic evaluation and radiomorphometric evaluation. The aim of the present study was radiographically evaluate the graft height change after maxillary sinus floor elevation and the influence of the graft material type in height change and the bone remodeling of grafts in sinus. A total of 59 patients (28 in lateral approach and 31 in crestal approach) who underwent maxillary sinus floor elevation composed of lateral approach and crestal approach were radiographically followed for up to about 48 months. Change in sinusgraft height were calculated with respect to implant length (IL) and grafted sinus height(BL). It was evaluated the change of the graft height according to time, the influence of the approach technique (staged approach and simultaneous approach) in lateral approach to change of the graft height, and the influence of the type of graft materials to change of the graft height. Patients were divided into three class based on the height of the grafted sinus floor relative to the implant apex and evaluated the proportion change of that class (Class I, in which the grafted sinus floor was above the implant apex; Class II, in which the implant apex was level with the grafted sinus floor; and Class III, in which the grafted sinus floor was below the implant apex). And it was evaluated th bone remodeling in sinus during 12 months using SGRl(by $Br\ddot{a}gger$ et al). The result was like that; Sinus graft height decreased significantly in both lateral approach and crestal approach in first 12 months (p$MBCP^{TM}$ had minimum height loss. Class III and Class II was increased by time in both lateral and crestal approach and Class I was decreased by time. SGRI was increased statistically significantly from baseline to 3 months and 3 months(p<0.05) to 12 months(p$ICB^{(R)}$ single use, more reduction of sinusgraft height was appeared. Therefore we speculated that the mixture of graft materials is preferable as a reduction of graft materials. Increasing of the SGRI as time goes by explains the stability of implant, but additional histologic or computed tomographic study will be needed for accurate conclusion. From the radiographic evaluation, we come to know that placement of dental implant with sinus floor elevation is an effective procedure in atrophic maxillary reconstruction.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.365-377
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 다기준 의사결정 방법의 하나인 PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations)를 적용하여 도시유역내 소유역간의 상대적 침수위험도를 산정하였다. 이를 위해 도시유역의 침수에 영향을 미치는 인자를 선정하여 이를 PROMETHEE 적용을 위한 평가기준으로 활용하였다. 침수발생에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 유역의 평균고도, 평균경사, 관밀도, 인구수, 단위면적당 유사발생량으로 선정하였다. 선정된 인자를 바탕으로 PROMETHEE를 적용하여 산정된 소유역간 상대적 침수위험도를 '98년 침수실적 결과와 유사발생에 따른 상대적 침수위험도와 비교 분석하였다. 유사발생량만을 근거로 한 침수위험도에 비해 다양한 인자를 고려하여 산정된 소유역간 침수위험도가 '98년 침수실적 결과와 더 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 적용된 PROMETHEE에 의한 평가방법은 침수 예상지역의 사전 예방을 위한 정비 사업 계획 추진에 있어서 우선순위에 대한 방향을 결정하는데 있어서 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).