• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.555-579
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• 2007

This study analysed theory and application of holistic innovation policy in the 3rd generation innovation policy with cases of Finland and Korea. Innovation policy areas of both countries are expanding from simple goal of economic development to extensive goals such as sustainable development, quality of life, balanced growth etc. Also administrative system changed in order to let technical innovation on the center of national operation and reorganized relation and structure of relative policies like manpower, education, region policy. Particularly, Korea is in embryo standing for S&T driven society since Noh's government. But, there are differences in embodiment degree and feature between both countries. Finland reinvigorate field of public opinion due to corporatism tradition as a Scandinavian institution. Government support system developed co-program and co-policy beyond territory of individual ministry to raise policy effectiveness. However, concept of the Korean innovation policy is ahead of the times but maintained framework of developing country. And there is no active participation of private sector and civil society because transition process accomplished on the top-down method, It could hardly progress toward transition in spite of various efforts to carry out a reform.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Objectives: This study examined the relative efficacies of a derivative of betulinic acid (dBA) and its poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nano-encapsulated form in A549 lung cancer cells in vivo and in co-mutagen [sodium arsenite (SA) + benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)]-induced lung cancer in mice in vivo. Methods: dBA was loaded with PLGA nanoparticles by using the standard solvent displacement method. The sizes and morphologies of nano-dBA (NdBA) were determined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their intracellular localization was verified by using confocal microscopy. The binding and interaction of NdBA with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) as a target were analyzed by using conventional circular dichroism (CD) and melting temperature (Tm) profile data. Apoptotic signalling cascades in vitro and in vivo were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the ability of NdBA to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also examined. The stage of cell cycle arrest was confirmed by using a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) data analysis. Results: The average size of the nanoparticles was ~ 110 nm. Confocal microscopy images confirmed the presence of NdBA in the cellular cytoplasm. The bio-physical properties of dBA and NdBA ascertained from the CD and the Tm profiles revealed that NdBA had greater interaction with the target DNA than dBA did. Both dBA and NdBA arrested cell proliferation at G0/G1, NdBA showing the greater effect. NdBA also induced a greater degree of cytotoxicity in A549 cells, but it had an insignificant cytotoxic effect in normal L6 cells. The results of flow cytometric, cytogenetial and histopathological studies in mice revealed that NdBA caused less nuclear condensation and DNA damage than dBA did. TEM images showed the presence of NdBA in brain samples of NdBA fed mice, indicating its ability to cross the BBB. Conclusion: Thus, compared to dBA, NdBA appears to have greater chemoprotective potential against lung cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1018-1029
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• 2008

Recently, RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) application technology is the core of ubiquitous technology. this research examines the factors for adopting the RFID application technology together with factors for adopting the related information system such as ERP, SCM, EDI by researching relevant literature. this research attempts to derive the factors for adopting RFID application technology by using the Delphi Method. The factors for adopting the information technology of the above-mentioned three areas totaled 116 adoption factors. Based on these 116 adoption factors, the factors for adopting RFID application technology were to be derived. A total of 27 adoption factors were derived in the first Delphi investigation. Of the total 27 adoption factors, final 9 adoption factors could be derived by conducting frequency analysis and relative importance analysis. In other words, 9 adoption factors that were derived last were found to be the cost related to tag, relationship with customer firms, compatibility of technology, information technology-based structure, trust and coordination between business firms, intensity of competition within the industry, the standardization of RFID technology, the top management's support and participation degree of client companies. When business firms try to adopt RFID application technology afterwards, concrete and close examination from this point of view was found to be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.284-295
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• 2017

This study examined the degree of nurses' image, professional self-concept, and organizational commitment of nursing students to clarify the relationship among these variables. A descriptive research design was used. The participants were 238 nursing students in J city who were surveyed between September 7 and 10, 2016. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 21.0 program, which determined the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The nurses' image, professional self-concept, and organizational commitment of nursing students showed an average of 4.01, 3.40, and 3.77 points, respectively, based on a five-point scale. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the nurses' image, professional self-concept and organizational commitment. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the professional self-concept and organizational commitment for nursing students. Two factors explained 56.3% of the organizational commitment of the nursing students. The relative influence affecting the organizational commitment Nurse image, and professional self-concept were found. The nurse image was confirmed to be the largest predictor of organizational commitment.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

This paper aims to find the optimal control gain for enhancing the convenience of electric walking frames and design a control algorithm. With the recent advances in medical technology, there has been a rapid increase in the aging population and a variety of mobile walking frames have been developed for improvement of the quality of life. However, the manual walking frames of such mobile aids don't have any electric motor which helps facilitate elderly users' walking and thus are not efficient enough for the old people of weak strength to use especially when moving on uneven surfaces such as slopes or thresholds. The types of electric walking frames have been developed to overcome such inefficiency. Electric walking frames require users' control operations for motor driving unlike manual frames. Therefore, when they are not properly handled, it causes considerable inconvenience to their users. The present study compared the electric walking frames with manual ones in terms of operational convenience and attempted to improve the user convenience of walking frames varying the control value for user convenience based on certain standards. This paper presented a haptic sensor designed to recognize the will to walk and measure the degree of convenience and proposed a control algorithm for improvement of convenience. For user convenience, this paper evaluated the relative convenience of walking frames in view of changing differences between the center of vehicle (COV) and the center of position (COP). With the employment of an electric walking frame and a new measuring method, all the processes were experimentally tested and validated.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristic of thermal environment in the summer season by conducting the field observation of temperature, relative humidity, and globe temperature in some parts of the city. Observation point was divided to a densely populated area, a residential area, a green area, a waterfront green area and a suburban district by the distribution ratio of green area. In this study, the correlation between maximum temperature and globe temperature, study on index for intensity of the tropical night and the temperature distribution characteristic of measurement points by the distribution ratio of green area were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. (1) The difference between temperature and globe temperature by the distribution ratio of green area is confirmed. The difference of nighttime is more clearly that of daytime. (2) The average temperature and globe temperature of the densely populated area($29.2^{\circ}C$, $33.7^{\circ}C$) are higher than that of the waterfront green area($27.9^{\circ}C$, $32.0^{\circ}C$) by $1.3^{\circ}C$ and $1.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. (3) The number of tropical nights has different days of tropical nights by the distribution ratio of green area of 17days for the Daegu weather station, 14days for adensely populated area, 14days for a residential area, 6days for a green area, 2days for a waterfront green area, and 2days for a suburban district. (4) The results of the slope of trend line for the effects of the temperature on globe temperature change and the intercept for the size of the impact of radiant energy gained around by the analysis of the correlation between the maximum temperature and globe temperature can be utilized objective evaluation index of the each point's artificial effects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Whole and stem-off cherry tomatoes were packaged using perforated films(LF05, LF10, LF20, and LF40). Gas composition(ethylene, $O_2$, and $CO_2$), firmness(compression and penetration force), color, brix degree, acidity, and total microbial counts were assessed during storage at $10^{\circ}C$ and 85% relative humidity. Gas composition varied with film gas permeability, indicating that modified atmospheric(MA) conditions were achieved. Firmness fell during storage; samples packed using LF05 showed the lowest firmness, corresponding to low gas transmission conditions. L(lightness) and a(redness) values respectively decreased and rose slightly with increasing storage time, but the b(yellowness) values fell notably. Film permeability significantly affected acidity and soluble solid levels. When LF40 packaging was used, acidity and brix scale changes were similar to those seen after PET container packaging. Total microbial counts increased with time after packaging in most films, and pretreatment differences were not significant. Microflora varied between stem on/off tomatoes. Skin wrinkling and juice appearance were common in tomatoes stored in PET containers and LF films of low gas permeabilities(LF05, LF10, and LF20). White molds were partially found on stem-on tomatoes stored using packaging systems. When film packagings were compared, LF40 was optimal, permitting minimal pretreatment yet offering maximal sanitation.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-96
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect corporate CEOs' tax avoidance, ultimately helping find how to fundamentally prevent the avoidance, establish a tax system that ensures tax payers' compliance and revise tax laws and regulations in a positive way. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed corporate CEOs with a questionnaire that contained many questions of various types, which was developed based on previous studies. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows. Main factors affecting tax avoidance were the application of tax provisions, the ability to understand tax laws and the expectation of tax avoidance. The more corporate CEOs' were influenced by the first and the third factors, the higher their propensity for tax avoidance was. On the contrast, corporate CEOs were lower in propensity for tax avoidance when they were more able to understand tax laws. Regarding the three factors' relative influences, tax avoidance was most affected by the expectation of tax avoidance, followed by the ability to understand tax laws and the application of tax provisions in order. Meanwhile, a multi-regression analysis using the sequential deletion technique showed that tax avoidance were affected by the application of tax provisions and the expectation of tax avoidance and that tax avoidance was most influenced by the application of tax provisions, followed by the expectation of tax avoidance. These findings indicate that the degree of corporate CEOs' tax avoidance may vary depending on social and environmental changes that their business face. Meanwhile, positive factors such as tax-bearing capacity and the procedure of tax calculation and negative factors such as management ethics and tax authorities' regulation are all thought to be not helping prevent tax avoidance.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.629-639
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• 2011

Based on Maxwell-Eucken(ME) model, which is one of structural models, a new model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of variably saturated porous materials is proposed. The new model is a linear combination of three ME models having matrix, water, and air as a continuous phase. The coefficient of the corresponding linear equation is defined by a parameter referred to as 'the continuity coefficient', which provides a relative degree of continuity of each phase. The continuity coefficient of matrix is assumed to be linearly proportional to porosity. The model can be linear or nonlinear depending on how the continuity coefficients of water and air vary with water saturation. The feasibility of the proposed model was examined by both numerical and experimental results. Both linear and nonlinear models showed a high accuracy of prediction with $R^2$ values of 0.86-0.98 and 0.88-0.99, respectively. The numerical and experimental results also showed that the continuity coefficient of matrix was linearly proportional to porosity. Therefore, the proposed prediction model can be effectively used to estimate effective thermal conductivity of unsaturated porous materials by measuring porosity, water content and mineralogical compositions of matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.133-144
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• 2003

Horizontal consolidation characteristics of Busan marine clay were investigated by computing coefficient of horizontal consolidation from Piezocone data and comparing their results with those of standard consolidation test. It is well known that current prediction models of $c_h$ for high plastic soils have large uncertainties, and show a great difference between the predicted and the measured values. However, the spherical models and expanding cavity theory of Torstensson(1977), and Burns & Mayne(1998) based on modified Cam-Clay model with critical limit state concepts have relative reliability in estimating $c_h$ and good applicability in highly plasticity soils. In this paper, a normalization technique was used to evaluate $c_h$ using the Burns and Mayne's method based on the dissipation test, and their normalized consolidation curves give 0.015 of time factor($T_{50}$) when 50% degree of consolidation is completed. Comparison study using Piezocone data obtained at other similar ground site shows 1.5 times less systematicality than that of standard consolidation test, which indicates considerable approximation with the measured values because standard consolidation test gives the difference of three to few times compared with the measured values. In addition, design chart for estimating $c_h$ based on the chart from Robertson et al.(1992) and using the other method of the direct prediction from the of dissipation test was newly proposed. It is judged that new proposed chart is very applicable to Korean marine soils, especially in very high plastic soils.