• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

This study measured the downward stepping movement relative to weight change (no load, and 10%, 20%, 30% of body weight respectively of adult male (n=10) from standardized stair (rise of 0.3 m, tread of 0.29 m, width of 1 m). The 3-dimensional cinematography and ground reaction force were also utilized for analysis of leg stiffness: Peak vertical force, change in stance phase leg length, Torque of whole body, kinematic variables. The strategy heightened the leg stiffness and standardized vertical ground reaction force relative to the added weights (p<.01). Torque showed rather larger rotational force in case of no load, but less in 10% of body weight (p<.05). Similarly angle of hip joint showed most extended in no-load, but most flexed in 10% of body weight (p<.05). Inclined angle of body trunk showed largest range in posterior direction in no-load, but in vertical line nearly relative to added weights (p<.001). Thus the result of the study proved that downward stepping strategy altered from height of 30 cm, regardless of added weight, did not affect velocity and length of lower leg. But added weight contributed to more vertical impulse force and increase of rigidity of whole body than forward rotational torque under condition of altered stepping strategy. In future study, the experimental on effect of weight change and alteration of downward stepping strategy using ankle joint may provide helpful information for development of enhanced program of prevention and rehabilitation on motor performance and injury.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1981

이식된지 50여 년간에 걸쳐 토착분포한 빙어의 분포수역과 상뜰골, 지느러미의 연조수, 비늘의 특성, 척추골, 새파수, 유문수, 형질간의 관련도 등을 비교 검토하여 분포수역에 따른 형질의 변이를 조사 비교 검토하고, 그 결과를 다음과 갈이 요약한다. 1. 한국산 빙어의 주 서식수역은 파노호, 소양호, 한강, 의림지, 옥정호(운암호)이고 이들과 관련되는 유노에 토착 분포되어 있었다. 2. 빙어의 형태변이는 각 개체에 발현된 개개의 형질에 의하여 서로 다르게 나타나, 기준형에 지역적평균값을 Mosaic형으로 비교한 바 기준형에 닮았거나 차이가 심한 것이 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 3. 서식수역별로 가슴지느러미와 뒷지느러미의 연조수, 가승지느러미 앞길이/표준체장, 배지느러미앞길이/됫지느러미 앞길이, 안경, 부상악골, 유문수의 철, 비늘의 특성등 형질에서 심한 변이가 있었다. 4. 빙어의 지역적 형질변이중 가장 안정성을 나타난 것은 매지느러미, 등지느러미의 연조수와 새파수, 척추골수, 일종열린수, 미타고, S-D/SL이었다.5. 빙어의 비늘은 어체부위에 따라 비늘의 모양, 초점의 형태와 그 위치, 융기선의 수가 다르며, 방사선이 없다. 6. 인횡장과 인폭과의 관계는 소양호산과 옥정호산 그리고 한강산과 의림지산이 각각 근친적 유녹관계로 나타났다. 7. 빙어의 지리적 형태변이는 탁도, 수온, 염분의 환경요소와, 이 외에 위도와 유속에도 깊은 관계가 있다고 생각된다. 이상의 결과에서 부상악골 인횡장과 인폭과의 관계, 미추골수, 안경과 두장과의 비 등은 지리적 형태변이의 검색자료로 유용하다고 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2008

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is widely used in treatment of dentofacial deformities. But, many complications can occur including unfavorable fractures during osteotomy. To prevent these complications, it is necessary to understand comprehensively the anatomy of the mandiular ramus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the madibular ramus in manibular prognathism patients by computed tomography comparing with normal control group. The study group consisted of 33 skeletal class III patients (20 males, 13 females) and the control group consisted of the 52 patients without dentofacial deformities (32 males, 20 females). The mean age of study group was 22.0-year old, and that of control group was 37.1-year. For the CT examination, following scan parameters was used: 1mm slice thickness, 0.5 second scan time, 120kV and 100mA/s. The axial scans of the head were made parallel to the mandibular occlusal plane. The anteroposterior length of the ramus, the distance from anterior border of the ramus to lingula, the relative distance from the anterior border of the ramus to lingula compared to the anteroposterior length of the ramus, the thickness of anterior and posterior cortical plate, the thickness of medial cortical plate of the ramus at lingula level, the thickness of cancellous bone of the ramus at lingula level were measured. The skeletal class III mandibular prognathism patients exhibited shorter anteroposterior length of the ramus, thicker anterior and posterior cortical plate, thinner mediolateral cancellous bone thickness. The lingula has a relative stable anteroposterior position in ramus in all groups. There was higher possibility of fusion of medial and lateral cortical plate at lingula level in the mandibular prognathism group. In conclusion, the mandibular prognathism patients have narrow rami with scanty cancellous bone, which means that careful preoperative examination including CT scan can prevent undesirable fractures during osteotomy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.165-168
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• 1989

묘삼을 분재배하여 인공기상실 $15^{\circ}C$ 자연광실에서 여러가지 색의 셀로판지를 차광재로로 5~10%의 투광율로 재배하였다. 상대근중9최종생근 중/최초 생근 중)은 청>녹>백>황>적의 순서였다. 지상부 생육 특히 경장은 청색 광하에서 가장 저조하였다. 상대근중은 경장과 부상관을 보였으며 이 관계에서 각 광질은 특수한 영역을 보여 청과 녹이 한 군, 적과 황이 다른 한 군으로 분리되었다. 경장은 주당엽 면적과 전체 또는 각개의 광질내에서 정상관을 보였는데 적색 광에서만 유의성이 없었다. 잎중의 엽록소 a 및 b의 함량 또는 엽록소 a/b 비율은 백>청>녹>적>황의 순이었으며 엽록소 a와 b간, 전엽록소와 a/b 비율간 a/b 비율과 엽록소 a간에 모두 고도의 유의 정상관을 보였다. 이상의 사실들은 청색 차광자재가 인삼생산에 유리할 것임을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.987-994
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural clinoptilolite (NCLI) and modified clinoptilolite (MCLI) on broiler performance, gut morphology, intestinal length and weight, and gut digestive enzyme activity. A total of 240 d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 3 treatments, each of which comprised 8 pens of 10 chicks per pen. Birds in the control group were fed the basal diet, while those in the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with NCLI at 2% (NCLI group), or MCLI at 2% (MCLI group), respectively, for 42 d. Compared with the control, supplementation with NCLI or MCLI had no significant (p>0.05) effects on productive parameters from d 1 to 42. Supplementation with NCLI or MCLI had no influence on the relative length and weight of small intestine at d 1 to 21. But supplementation with NCLI or MCLI significantly reduced the relative weight of duodenum. Supplementation with MCLI and NCLI was associated with greater (p<0.05) villus height in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with those areas in the controls from d 1 to 42. However, supplementation with NCLI and MCLI had no significant (p>0.05) influence on the crypt depth in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with those in the controls. The addition of either NCLI or MCLI to the diet improved the activities of total protease, and amylase in the small intestinal contents. In conclusion, supplementation with NCLI or MCLI in diets improved intestinal morphology, increased the intestinal length and weigh and gut digestive enzyme activity.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1999

지진하중에 의한 상부구조의 낙교는 최근 발생된 지진등에서 알수 있듯이 교각파되와 더불어 교량의 전체적인 붕괴를 유발하는 주요한 원인 것으로 나타났으며 또한 충돌현상은 이러한 낙교를 발생시키는 주된요인인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 충돌현상을 비롯한 교량의 교축방향거동에 영향을 미치는 인자 즉 교각의 비선형성 기초의회전 및 병진운동 교대의 작용 등을 고려하고 최근 낙교방지대책으로 널리 적용되고 있는 restrainer로 보강된 교량시스템의 거동을 해석할 수 있는 모형을 개발하였다 개발된 해석모형을 바탕으로 다양한 지진하중에 의한 교량시스템의 교축방향 거동특성과 restrainer의 보강효과를 분석하였으며 restrainer의 여유길이와 강성변화에 따른 인접 진동계간의 응답특성을 분석하였다 restrainer의 보강효과를 분석하였으며 restrainer의 여유길이와 강성변화에 따른 인접진동계간의 응답특성을 분석하였다. restrainer로 보강된 교량시스템의 충돌에 따른 응답특성을 살펴본 결과 응답의 크기뿐만아니라 응답의 이력자체가 상이한 거동특성을 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 restrainer의 보강에 따른 변위억제효과는 중진의 경우 restrainer의 여유길이 짧을수록 restrainer의 강성이 클수록 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으나 강진에서는 restrainer의 파단에 대한 대책을 함께 고려하여야 할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.990-997
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• 2015

The condition factor (CF) were calculated by the morphometric data, and gonadal maturation and reproductive potential associated with fecundities of indoor cultured Hapalogenys nitens were investigated by microscopic and morphometric analysis from August 2011 to October 2012. Monthly changes in the GSI and CF were closely related to gonadal maturation and spawning. The ovary consisted of a pair of saccular structure with many ovarian lobules, the testis is a pair of lobular structure with many testicular lobules. The relationship between total fecundity (F) and total length (TL) of fish was expressed as $F=0.0449TL^{2.7926}$($r^2=0.0653$), and body weight (BW) was expressed as $F=1.4492BW^{0.8964}$($r^2=0.0863$). In this study, some exceptional special cases and phenomena were observed: absolute and relative fecundities were not increased with the increases of total length and body weight, respectively. Absolute and relative fecundities were no concerned with the increases of age classes of total length (cm) and of body weight (g).

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 1996

To learn how maximal locomotory speed of animals is defined in terms of hindlimb structure and muscle contractile function, take-off speed, hindlimb length, thigh muscle mass, shortening velocity and power of the sastrocnemius muscle were measured with one fast species, Rono nigromaculota and one relatively slowresponding species, Bombina orientalis. Take-off speed (m.sec-1) was greater in R. nigromoculata $(2.4\pm0.2SD, $ n: 14) than in the Bombino $(1.6\pm0.1SD, $ n=8). Stvle of the take-off response was a long-iump type in the Rano and a short-ranged hopping in the Bombing. Faster take-off capacity of the ranid frogs was supported by the longer hindlimb length (relative to body length) and the more massive thigh muscles (relative to body mass), compared to the Bombina. Further, the ranids exhibited faster maximal shortening velocity and Breater maximal power generateion than the Bombina [Vmax $(ML.sec-1)=11.79\pm1.69SD$ for the Runa and $9.74\pm1.27SD$ for the Bombina; Pmax $nW.kg-1)=222.42\pm42.42SD$ for the Rono and $169.03\pm34.52SD$ for the Bombinal. With more massive thigh muscles and greater mechanical power, the ranids would generate greater total power and thus higher energy release per unit time to muscle tissues for the burst take-off. As a consequence, biomechanical properties seen in the ranids seem to be more effective for frost take-off than in the Bombina.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권6호통권86호
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• pp.762-765
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• 2007

Giemsa C-banding방법으로 한국 재래종 찰옥수수의 핵형 및 염색체 상에 존재하는 knob의 수와 위치 등을 확인하고 모식도를 통하여 염색체의 특성을 나타내고자 재래종 찰옥수수 5개의 자식 계통 (inbred stock)을 조사하였다. knob의 수는 6-12개이었고 평균 9.2개이었으며 계통별로 차이가 있었으며, knob을 가지고 있는 염색체도계통별로 차이가 있었다. YS-1의 경우 6번, 7번, 8번 그리고 9번 염색체에서 knob을 가지고 있었는데, MY-1의경우 1번, 2번, 3번, 6번, 「번 그리고 9번 염색체에서 knob을 가지고 있었다. 염색체의 장완과 단완의 비율, 염색체의 상대적 길이 등을 비교해 보기 위하여 YS-1과 MY-1 두 계통을 조사해 본 결과 두 계통 간에 차이가 있었고, 염색체의 상대적 길이는 YS-1이 큰 것으로 나타났다. Giemsa C-banding법은 재래종 찰옥수수의 계통별 특성과 이를 이용한 계통 분류에도 효과적으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene is one of the essential transcription factors plants use for responding to stress conditions including salinity, drought, and cold stress. The purpose of this study was to isolate the full length and characterize the DREB gene from three different genotypes of sugarcane, wild, commercial cultivar, and interspecific hybrid sugarcane. The length of the gene, designated ScDREB was 789 bp, and coding for a putative polypeptide of 262 amino acid residues. Sequences of the gene were submitted to the GenBank database with accession numbers of KX280722.1, KX280721.1, and KX280719.1 for wild sugarcane, commercial cultivar (KPS94-13), and interspecific hybrid (Biotec2), respectively. In silico characterization indicated that the deduced polypeptide contains a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, and a conserved AP2/ERF domain of the DREB family, at 82-140 amino residues. Based on multiple sequence alignment, sequences of the gene from the three sugarcane genotypes were classified in the DREB2 group. Gene expression analysis indicated, that ScDREB2 expression pattern in tested sugarcane was up-regulated by salt stress. When the plants were under 100 mM NaCl stress, relative expressions of the gene in leaves was higher than those in roots. In contrast, under 200 mM NaCl stress, relative expressions of the gene in roots was higher than those in leaves. This is the first report on cloning the full length and characterization, of ScDREB2 gene of sugarcane. Results indicate that ScDREB2 is highly responsive to salt stress.