• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2021

Background: In the literature, there have been debates as to whether smartphone use has negative effects on physical and mental health. The present study investigated the extent to which smartphone addiction impacts on musculoskeletal pain prevalence among university students. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), and the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results: A total of 249 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The body parts that were reported with highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the upper back (70.3%), neck (65.9%), and wrists/hands (68.7%). The SAS scores were correlated with duration of smartphone use on a typical day (P = 0.001), duration of owning a smartphone (P = 0.027), and musculoskeletal pain prevalence in the neck (P = 0.001), wrists/hands (P = 0.001), shoulders (P = 0.025), and upper back (P = 0.023). The SAS score was significantly associated with prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the neck (odd ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.10; P = 0.002), wrists/hands (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97-1.09; P = 0.001), and upper back (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.98-1.11; P = 0.033). Conclusions: The findings indicated that the upper back, neck, and wrists/hands have a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among smartphone users, particularly those with a smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction scores were correlated with duration of smartphone use on a typical day, duration of owning smartphone, and musculoskeletal pain prevalence in the neck, wrists/hands, shoulders, and upper back.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2019

본 연구는 미디어스포츠를 통하여 직접적인 스포츠 참여를 유도하기 위하여 미디어스포츠 접촉동기가 직접적인 스포츠 참가에 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 연구하고, 이러한 관계에서 소비자의 운동몰입과 운동지속이 어떠한 효과가 있는지를 연구함으로써 미디어스포츠와 스포츠 참가의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 2019년 4월 1일부터 4월 31일 까지 G광역시와 J도에 거주하며 스포츠에 참가한 경험이 있고, 미디어스포츠를 접촉한 경험이 있는 성인 남·여를 대상으로 모집단을 선정하여 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 스포츠 접촉동기, 운동몰입, 운동지속, 스포츠참가에 대한 관계를 규명하기 위하여 IBM사의 SPSS Ver. 21.0과 AMOS Ver. 21.0의 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였고, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 접촉동기, 운동몰입, 운동지속, 스포츠참가에 대한 직접적은 효과를 살펴보면, 미디어스포츠 접촉동기는 운동몰입에 직접적인 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 운동지속에도 직접적인 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 스포츠참가에도 직접적인 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 운동몰입은 운동지속에 직접적인 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 운동지속은 스포츠참가에 직접적인 영향이 있는 것으로 타났다. 둘째, 접촉동기, 운동몰입, 운동지속, 스포츠참가에 대한 매개효과를 살펴보면, 미디어스포츠 접촉동기와 스포츠참가의 관계에서 운동지속은 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미디어스포츠 접촉동기와 운동지속의 관계에서 운동몰입은 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 운동몰입과 스포츠참가의 관계에서 운동지속은 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 미디어스포츠 접촉동기는 스포츠참가에 직접적인 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 미디어스포츠 접촉동기와 스포츠참가의 관계에서 운동몰입은 매개효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 미디어스포츠 접촉동기와 스포츠참가의 관계에서 운동몰입과 운동지속은 이중매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.70-107
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• 1992

This study was intended to assess the need of home nursing care and analyze the effect of home nursing care, and find out the problems during the performance of home nursing care for the chronic patients among the low-income people in urban area. Data collection by interview was carried out from Nov. 1991 to Jul. 1992. The main results were as follows; 1) Total subjects for the need assessment of home nursing care were 123 households wi th 488 persons in a urban poor area. Over half of households $(57.7\%)$ was teenage family. The overall living conditions were poor and the average monthly income was 580 thousands won. $74.8\%$ of subjects was covered by medical care insurance and only $4.7\%$ was covered by public assistance. The morbidity rate was $8.2\%$ among 488 subjects and $27.5\%$ of them was not treated at all, $30\%$ was treated in utilizing pharmacies or local clinics. 2) The subjects of home nursing care were 46 with Hypertension or DM who agreeded the participation of study among registered patients at a public health center in Incheon. Home visiting was performed at intervals per one month for one year. Most of them were the elder(mean age=61 years) and long term patients(7.8 years continued). Home nursing care was effective. That is, blood pressure(including systolic and diastolic pressure) was significantly reduced (t(n=22)=2.31, P=.031, t(n=24)=4.16, P=.000 respectively) and knowledge of disease(t(N=46)=-7.63, P=.000), attitude of disease (t(N =46) = -4.92, P=.000), and self-care(t(N =46) = -4.89, P= .000) were significantly improved through home nursing care. But there was no difference in blood sugar for diabetics between the beginning and the end of visits. At the beginning of visit for home nursing care, sex$(\beta=-0414,\;t=-3.012)$ and nursing need({3=.310, t=2.164) were influencing self-care, and duration of disease$(\beta=.297,\;t=2.106)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.385, t=20417)$ were influencing blood pressure, blood sugar level. Namely, the subjects who were male and had higher nursing need showed better self-care and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. At the end of visit for home nursing care after one year, the blood pressure and blood sugar level was influenced by age $(\beta.320,\;t= 2.242)$, duration of disease ($(\beta.352,\;t= 2.395)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.350,\;t=2.623)$ and self-care had no influencing factor. The higher age and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. 3) The problems that were found out during the performance of home nursing care were the absent of useful protocols for services and the clear evaluation base, and the difficulty of teaching elders who were the major part of our subjects.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.90-102
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• 1996

This study is a descriptive survey research to investicate the relation between the performance of self-care behavior and degree of self-efficacy by evaluating them respectively. The subjects were consisted of seventy nine tuberculosis patients registered in two different public health care centers in the city of Kwangju from April 1st to 30th June, 1995. The results were as follows : 1) Demorgraphically, the proportion of males was$(59.5\%)$, the highest proportion of age group was twenties with $(31.6\%)$, the higest proportion of the patients graduated high school. the married was much more than the single$(51.9\%)$. The highest proportions in each variables were as followes : middle class in economic status with $70.9%$, the jobless in job status with $26.6\%$. the duration less than 6 months in ailing duration with $63.3\%$. The patients of $60.8\%$ and $74.7\%$ showed no family history and received no health education respectively. 2) The average drgree of self-care behavior was 3.44 points (1-5 points). 3) The average dregee of recognized self efficacy was 78.18 points(10-100points). 4) The recognized self efficacy showed close relationship with the performance of self-care behavior (r=0.6378. p<0.001) 5) The points of performance of self-care nursing behavior showed statistical significance in the variables of martial status. duration of treatment and economic status. (F=3.142. p<0.05), (F=3.701. p<0.05). (F=6.213. p<0.01) 6) The point of self efficacy showed statistical significance in the variables of sex. degree of education and marital status. (F=5.438. p<0.05), (F=4.28. P<0.01), (F=2.899, p<0.05) These results suggest as follows: 1) It is necessary to develop a program to improve the ability of self health care for the family member as well as the patient. 2) It is necessary to do further study on much more variables that influence on the performance of self-care behavior by expanding the number of subjects and duration of study. and to evaluate the self efficacy with time interval.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.446-453
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• 2013

식물 계절현상을 이용한 축제는 생태계서비스의 한 형태로서 생태계와 인간이 문화적 요소를 통해 서로 상호작용을 하는 예이다. 봄철 식물의 계절현상을 이용한 대표적인 축제는 창원시 진해 군항제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 1987년부터 2013년까지의 벚나무의 계절학적 자료와 군항제 개최시기 및 방문자수를 조사하여 식물계절학과 지역축제와의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 또한 행사기간 중 기상조건 (평균기온, 최저 최고기온, 강수량, 강수일수)과 행사시기특성(년도, 휴일수-토, 일요일 수, 행사기간일수, 행사시작일-개화일 차이)을 파악하여 군항제 방문객수에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 찾기 위해 노력하였다. 시계열분석 결과 지난 26년 동안 벚나무의 발아일과 개화일의 주기성을 보이지 않거나 나타나더라도 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 방문객의 수에 영향을 미치는 주요인으로는 기온, 일자(day), 강수요인이 추출되었다. 군항제기간의 기온이 방문객수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 벚나무의 개화시기와 행사기간이 불일치하더라도 방문객 수의 차이는 없었다. 따라서 확실성이 떨어지는 개화시기를 맞춰 축제기간을 설정하기 보다는 행사기간을 고정하고 일부 유동적으로 실시할 수 있는 행사프로그램을 개발하고 실시하는 것이 군항제의 성공적인 운영에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 1986

본 연구는 수공구조물의 계획설계와 물관리 계획시 계획강우량의 결정기준이 되는 우리나라 전역의 최대하강수량 추정을 위한 최대하강수량 빈도계수 산정에 관한 내용이다. PMP 빈도계수 산정에 있어서는 연속기록년 20년의 자기우량기록지 보유지점을 대상으로 하였으며, 지속기간별(10분, 1,2,4,6,12,24시간) 연최대치 강우자료집단을 이용하여 연최대평균강우량에 따른 PMP 빈도계수를 결정할 수 있는 상관도를 작성하였다. 최대하강수량은 최대평균강우량과 빈도계수 및 지속기간 상관도상에서 얻어진 PMP 빈도계수와 통계치를 사용하여 통계학적 방법으로 산정하였으며, 포락선에 의해서 지점 최대하강수량과 지속기간 관계식을 유도하여 산정하였다. 산정된 지점 최대하강수량으로부터 전국에 대한 24시간 최대하강수량 분포도와 PMP·DAD 곡선을 작성하였다. ^ The purpose of this study is to estimate the PMP frequency factor for evaluation of the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) in Korea. The value of PMP is the criterion of the determination of design rainfall in Planning and designing hydraulic structures, and water resources management. To obtain the object, 12 key stations were selected in which have the automatic rain0recording paper of 20 years, and the annual maximum rainfall values were calculated for each 7 durations(10 min., 1,2,4,6,12,24 hr.). The statistics(mean, standard deviation)were estimated, and diagram which shows the relationship between mean annual maximum rainfall($$) and frequency factor for each durations were drawn. PMP was estimated by statistical method using the PMP frequency factor obtained from the diagram and statistics($$, Sn). The PMP-Duration Equation was derived from the envelope curve in order to obtain the PMP for an arbitrary duration. The isohyetal map of 24 hours PMP and PMP. DAD curve for the whole of Korea were drawn in accordance with the point PMP values.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.259-272
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• 1989

This study was designed to measure the degree of work stress perceived by clinical nurses working in psyciatric ward, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of work stress. The survey method was used and the subjects of this study consisted of 135 psyciatric nurses from 7 university hospitals and 4 provincial general hospitals. The data were collected from August 1 to 20, 1988. The instrument used for this study was PNOSS(Psychiatric Nurse Occupational Stress Scale) which was developed by Bai(1989). The confidence verification of this instrument was computed and the Cronbach $\alpha$ was 0.94050. Data were analysed by t-test and ANOVA on 5% significant level with SPSS program. The results of study were summerized as follow : 1) The degree of perceived stress among psychiatric nurses was considerably high(4.32 out of 6.00). 2) Among the stressors, inadequate staffing(5.04), hospital administrational problems (4.7) and the conflict of nurse-patient relationship were identified as the stress factors with high rank of degree of stress. 3) There was significant relationship between the degree of stress and the demographic variables of nurses such as the marital status, educational level, and the motivation of working in psychiatric ward. 4) There was significant relationship between the job-related variables such as the working duration, the motivation of working and nurse's attitude toward the psychiatric patients. 5) The relationship between several stress factors and some of the demographic and the job-related variables were significantly identified.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.766-770
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• 2005

Cascade-Correlation Neural Networks Model(CCNNM) is used to estimate daily evaporation using limited climatical variables such as atmospheric temperature, dewpoint temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration and radiation. DeBruln equation is applied to estimate daily free-surface evaporation. It is converted into pan evaporation using pan coefficient. The results of CCNNM shows better than those of Debruin equation. This research represents that the strong nonlinear relationship such as evaporation modeling can be generalized by the CCNNM ; a special type of Backpropagation algorithm Neural Networks Model.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.272-274
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• 2005

In this paper, we analyses transmission performance of communication security(COMSEC) bit synchronization information over the single channel found and airborne radion system in variable message format system. Experimental results demonstrate the robust characteristics of the COMSEC bit synchronization information in $10^{-1}\sim10^{-5}$ of bit error channel and the relationship of time duration of bit synchronization and probability of synchronization detection.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1993년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.232-236
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• 1993

The Tunnel Form(T/F) system instead of traditional euro form has been tried to reduce construction duration and to improve concrete quality in reinforced concrete wall type apartment construction. To find the relationship for concrete compressive strength between cylinder mold and slab, the different curing locations of concrete cylinder mold in the room have been investigated. The test results showed that the compressive strength of the cylinder concrete with middle-upper location in the room was most near concrete compression strength with respect to slab concrete strength.