• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.557-566
• /
• 2019

Paldang is a river reservoir in the Midwest of Korea, which is a drinking water source for the metropolitan area. Since the Paldang Reservoir is shallow, and has a short hydraulic residence time, its water quality is directly impacted by two incoming rivers, the north Han River (NHR) and the south Han River (SHR). The NHR has different seasonal patterns of water temperature from the SHR because the NHR is greatly impacted by the discharge water from upstream dams. The electrical conductivity (EC) and other material concentrations of the SHR are usually higher than those of the NHR because its basin is limestone-based. The difference in water temperature in the two rivers causes density flow, and the distribution of the EC within the reservoir can be an indicator for monitoring density flow. From the vertical gradient of the EC at the dam site, from spring to fall, it was confirmed that the SHR flowed into the upper layer, and the NHR flowed into the lower layer, and vice versa at other times. The relative difference (RD) of the EC between the upper layer and the lower layer at the dam site was used as an indicator for density flow. The RD of the EC showed a very significant correlation with the RD of total organic carbon (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and the RD of total nitrogen (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). This relationship is based on the assumption that the difference in electrical conductivity and water quality between the SHR and the NHR is constant. However, in many cases this assumption is inconsistent. Thus, further study is needed on more suitable indicators to evaluate the impact of density flow on water quality.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.959-969
• /
• 2021

This study aims to develop new constructs and indicators for sharia destination image, and then examine its effects on perceived value, tourist satisfaction, and post-visit behaviour. Furthermore, it analyses the mediating role of perceived value and tourist satisfaction on relationship between sharia destination image and post-visit behaviour. The population were domestic and Malaysian Muslim tourists who visited Aceh during the study period. The sampling was carried out in two stages. The first stage involved selecting most visited districts. The second stage involved randomly selecting tourists who visit during the study period in the districts. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale. Also, a total of 270 questionnaires were distributed to domestic and Malaysian tourists in Aceh. Cluster sampling was used to determine the sample area, and purposive sampling technique was used to determine the study sample. Furthermore, the data analysis technique is Structural Equation Modelling. The results showed that the sharia destination image has a significant effect on perceived value. Meanwhile, the perceived value significantly influenced tourist satisfaction and post-visit behaviour. In addition, the perceived value and tourist satisfaction can mediate the effects of sharia destination image, which has no direct effect on post-visit behaviour.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2017

It is undisputable that crude oil and its price fluctuations are major components that affect most of the countries' economies. Recent studies have demonstrated that beside the impact that crude oil price fluctuations have on common macroeconomic indicators like gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rates, exchange rates, unemployment rate, etc., it also has a strong influence on stock markets and their performance. This relationship has been examined in a number of settings, but it is yet to be unraveled in the Omani context. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to examine the possible effect of the oil price fluctuations on stock price movements. The study applies Toda and Yamamoto's (1995) Granger non-causality test on the daily Oman stock index (Muscat Securities Market Index) and oil prices between the period of 2 January 2003 and 13 March 2016. The results indicated that the oil price fluctuations have a significant impact on stock index movements. However, the stock price movements do not have a significant impact on oil prices. These findings have significant implications not only for the Omani economy but also for the economy of similar countries, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The latter should carefully consider their policies and strategies regarding crude oil production and the generated income allocation as it might potentially affect the financial markets performance in these countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.533-543
• /
• 2021

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of social shopping, adventure shopping, value shopping, relaxation shopping, and idea shopping in influencing impulsive online buying behavior moderated by scarcity and serendipity information. The research method used is the quantitative research paradigm using surveys as a medium to obtain primary data. The paper examines the theoretical research model and tested fifteen hypotheses. The questionnaire was developed based on indicators from previous research. A non-probability sampling framework is used in this study. The data collection method uses electronic and online questionnaires to collect primary data with a total sample of 330 taken with the criteria of having made transactions in e-commerce Shopee in the last three months. Data analysis tools using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach. The results showed that 8 out of 15 hypotheses were accepted and supported. The results show that there is a relationship between the value of hedonic shopping, scarcity, and serendipity information on impulsive online buying behavior. Therefore, analyzing the needs of customers, optimizing customer satisfaction, service excellence, website quality, and the ease of use of e-shopping itself especially in the e-commerce industry should be taken seriously nowadays.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2021

Mainland China area has been a long-term, major trade rival and partner of Taiwan, accounting for more than 40% of Taiwan's total annual trade exports, and so Sino-US trade friction is expected to have a significant impact on Taiwan's economy in the future. This study focuses on major bad news of Sino-US trade frictions and how it generates short-term shocks for Taiwan's equity market and fear sentiment. It further explores the mutual interpretation relationship between price changes such as VIX, Taiwan's stock market index, and the VIX ETF to identify which factors have information leadership as leading indicators. The study period covers 750 trading days from 2017/1/3 to 2020/1/31. This study finds that, when a policy news is announced, the stock market index falls significantly, the change in the trading price (net value) of the VIX ETF rises significantly, and the overprice rate significantly drops, but VIX does not, showing that fear sentiment exists in the Taiwan's market. The net value of the VIX ETF shows an information advantage as a leading indicator. This study suggests that, when the world's two largest economies clash over trade, the impact on Taiwan's equity market is inevitable, and that short-term fear effects will arise.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

The research examines how interactions of financial literacy and peer effect indicators impact financial market participation of Vietnamese investors. In this research, financial literacy indicator is constructed from two levels, namely, basic financial literacy and advanced financial literacy. An empirical study was carried out by investigating 387 individuals who are currently working in finance-related areas such as banking, insurance and real estate industries. The findings indicate that individuals with higher level of financial literacy, specifically those with advanced financial literacy level, tend to participate in financial market. However, individuals with basic financial literacy level tend to walk away from financial market because the nexus between basic financial literacy and financial market participation is found negative statistically significant. The findings also suggest that peer effect and perceived financial literacy have a positive significant relationship with financial market participation. These findings remain robust after endogenous problem is addressed by employing instrument variable (IV) method, especially Ivprobit regression. Hence, these findings recommend that policy-makers should design and develop financial literacy programs, specifically at sophisticated level, to adapt and overtake the trend in financial innovation development. This should be done, not only on individual, but also national scale to ensure greater financial market participation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to examine the effect of corporate characteristics, including the industrial sector and scale of operation, financial leverage, profitability, operating period, and social reputation, on socio-ecological responsibility based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The study was conducted in the Indonesian context. A total of 90 public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange were selected as samples, with an observation period of 10 years. A univariate regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the industrial sector, scale of operation, financial leverage, profitability, operating period, and social reputation of the corporate had a positive effect on socio-ecological responsibility. This study also obtained evidence that there were differences in the level of socio-ecological responsibility among the industrial sectors. The higher the relationship between the industrial sector and the possibility of the emergence of social and environmental issues, the higher the level of corporate socio-ecological responsibility. From a policy perspective, the implication of the results of this study was that it could be used as a consideration by the authorities or regulators in Indonesia, particularly the Financial Services Authority (OJK), in determining specific indicators of socio-ecological responsibility that must be carried out by corporates.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.827-834
• /
• 2020

The use of different proxies to measure good corporate governance (GCG) may be a probable cause of the mixed results. Therefore, the application of a new single measure to enhance comparable empirical studies is required. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and firm's performance. This study involved all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014 to 2016 through purposive sampling with specific criteria. out of 144 qualified companies, 110 companies could be processed because of completed data in the form of financial information from their financial statements during the research period. The data were obtained from the official websites of IDX. This study applies a new measure of the corporate governance: the efficiency of the GCG. The corporate governance is calculated by relating inputs of components of the corporate governance and outputs of sales, assets and firm equity capital. By using financial data from firms listed on the Indonesian Capital Market, this study finds that the corporate governance significantly improved firm's performance. More importantly, the study confirms and supports the new single measure of the GCG. This result is very important to avoid dealing with different indicators of the corporate governance.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.3-17
• /
• 2017

This study ranks by developing an urban competitiveness index of major global cities, including seven cities in Korea using data from the Global Cities Forecast (2013) provided by Oxford Economics. The City competitiveness index is selected from 18 indicators including scale index, ratio index, growth rate index while Gini coefficient is used for distribution index. In order to analyze the relationship between the competitiveness index and the distribution index, we use the LOGIT panel regression model. As a result, the increase in income inequality (Gini coefficient) has a negative effect on the economic growth rate in 5-year time lag shown statistically significant. We have compiled global rankings of 770 city competitiveness based upon 19 indicators by combining the global competitiveness index and the distribution index. The trend of rank shows that 7 Metropolitan Korean Cities are expected to decline substantially over the period. In particular, Seoul ranked $59^{th}$ in 2010 and $74^{th}$ in 2015. Its ranking is expected to be decline to $185^{th}$ in 2030. The declining competitiveness of Korean cities is expected to lead to a weakening of Korea's national competitiveness in the long run. Accordingly, it is imperative to identify problems and seek strategic plans to secure global urban competitiveness.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.202-215
• /
• 2000

Intake frequency of one food is often associated with other food items, but few studies examined the relationship of food intake frequency among food items. Finding the relationship among intake frequencies of different food might be useful to understand the food intake patterns of population and correlated foods would be used as an indicators of another food intake. Relationship of food intake can be also applied to make a more simple and useful form of food frequency questionnaire to assess the association between diet and various diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation of intake frequency among food items in food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A FFQ with 84 food items was administered to 14533 Korean males who 40-65 years of age participating Korean cancer research survey. Data fromm 7647 subjects who completed FFQ were used to examine correlation among food items with three different methods-log linear regression models, Spearman correlation coefficients and cell frequency distribution. To examine the rank correlation, coefficients were calculated by Spearman correlation after scoring the frequency categories. Three most correlated foods were selected in every food intems by three methods each. In most food items, there was positive correlatin, except cooked rice and cooked brown rice, in intake frequency between foods that belonged to similar food groups. But serveral food items-Sausage (processed fish, cheese), Milk (whilte bread, orange juice), Soymilk(other juices), Cheese (pizza, butter), and Coffee(thick beef soup)-showed correlation among totally different food groups. Two sets of food items which were selected by log linear regression model and Sperman correlation coefficients were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 18 food items, 2 common foods in 47 items, 1 common food in 16 items and no common food in 3 items among 3 ranked foods. Three sets of selected food were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 5 food items, 2 common foods in 21 items, 1 common food in 34items and no common food in 24 items among 3 ranked foods. These results indicate that certain patterns exist among intake frequencies of specific food items in the FFQ. More researches are suggested to understand the relationshiops among the intakes of foods so that this information can be used in developing better FFQ or analyzing missing items from self-administered FFQ.