• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Objective : This study was carried out with focus on written by Joh, Taek-seung (曺澤承) and Joh, Byeong-who(曺秉矦) in the relation of father and son in 1933. This book is a medical book including rare data, which has never been reported to academic circles all this while. Method : First, this study looked into the authors of this book and its history of publication. Further, this study analyzed the composition and contents of this book. Lastly, this study summed up the meaning of this book from the standpoint of medical history. Result : The authors were Confucian doctors who were active in the latter era of the Joseon Dynasty and also in the period of Japanese colonial rule. They lived in Haenam district of Jeonlanam-do, and cured its neighboring local residents while studying. They published the book of by putting together their own medical experiences. The authors suggested their remedial prescription according to gender and age whereas Zhang Zhongjing(張仲景) suggested the remedial prescription according to Six-Meridian Pattern Identification & Syndrome Differentiation(六經辨證). In addition, the authors of gave weight to the relationship with internal damage. Additionally, the authors not only thought much of the relationship between internal damage and external damage but also thought of the weakness and strength of the healthy qi, and the new and the old of a disease as an important clue to medical treatment. It seems that such contents was influenced by (東醫寶鑑). Conclusion : shows the results of the research on which was spontaneously conducted in Joseon.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

Existing research for store has been localized in that of Seoul area, and research for the Japanese style store built under the rule of Japanese Imperialism has not been done properly owing to national sentiment. This research established Naju that inland pillage is available along Yeongsan River after opening of Mokpo harbor. I will compare modernization developmental process of building of Korean style store with that of Japanese Style store, so obviously try to make clear the activities of modernization by linking social and economical change with Joseon merchants' life. I will try to light up the position of korean style store in Naju area in history of architecture by analyzing two styles of stores into urban architectural element, putting process of change in order and translating it according to flow of age. The development process of Korean restaurant stores and that of Japanese counterparts are rather relative. Whereas Japanese accumulated wealth through oppression and exploitation of the people of Joseon the former dynasty of present day Korea, the people of Joseon could not but be oppressed and depressed. On the other hand, while the dynamic liberation movements of Joseon merchants managed to develop based on the vitality that was growing ever more, Japanese chose to back down to some degree by exercising appeasing policy. The efforts to take initiative by shattering off the submissive attitude can be found from the ability fostering movement, Gwangju students campaign and new construction or remodeling of hanok the traditional Korean house as commercial building in the 1920s. The changing phase of the people breaking away from subjugated relation to subjective attitude can be found in the commercial districts.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.981-989
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• 2010

In this study, we introduce a new architecture of fuzzy inference system. In the fuzzy inference system, we use Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm to form the premise part of the rules. The membership functions standing in the premise part of fuzzy rules do not assume any explicit functional forms, but for any input the resulting activation levels of such radial basis functions directly depend upon the distance between data points by means of the Fuzzy C-Means clustering. As the consequent part of fuzzy rules of the fuzzy inference system (being the local model representing input output relation in the corresponding sub-space), four types of polynomial are considered, namely constant, linear, quadratic and modified quadratic. This offers a significant level of design flexibility as each rule could come with a different type of the local model in its consequence. Either the Least Square Estimator (LSE) or the weighted Least Square Estimator (WLSE)-based learning is exploited to estimate the coefficients of the consequent polynomial of fuzzy rules. In fuzzy modeling, complexity and interpretability (or simplicity) as well as accuracy of the obtained model are essential design criteria. The performance of the fuzzy inference system is directly affected by some parameters such as e.g., the fuzzification coefficient used in the FCM, the number of rules(clusters) and the order of polynomial in the consequent part of the rules. Accordingly we can obtain preferred model structure through an adjustment of such parameters of the fuzzy inference system. Moreover the comparative experimental study between WLSE and LSE is analyzed according to the change of the number of clusters(rules) as well as polynomial type. The superiority of the proposed model is illustrated and also demonstrated with the use of Automobile Miles per Gallon(MPG), Boston housing called Machine Learning dataset, and Mackey-glass time series dataset.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

This article deals with military thought in general. First I tried to distinguish 'thought' from 'theory', 'philosophy', and 'principle'. Thought means the act of thinking about or considering something, an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject, e.g. military affairs in the present discussion. Theory means a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas which are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation. Philosophy means the use of reason in understanding such things as the nature of reality and existence, the use and limits of knowledge. Principle means a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works. Chapter 3 summarized the characteristics of military thoughts into five points', (i) it is closely related with concrete experiences of a nation; (ii) it includes philosophical and logical arguments; (iii) it relies heavily on the political thought of a nation; (iv) it includes necessarily value-judgments; (v) it contains visions of a nation which are not only descriptions or explanations of military affairs, but also evaluations and advocacies. Chapter 4 considers the relation of international political thoughts to military thought. Throughout the history of the modem states system there have been three competing traditions of thought: the Hobbesian or realist tradition, which views international politics as a state of war; the Kantian or universalist tradition, which sees at work in international politics a potential community of mankind; and the Grotian or internationalist tradition, which views international politics as taking place within an international society. Chapter 5 considers the law of war, which is a body of law concerning acceptable justifications to engage in war (jus ad bellum) and the limits to acceptable wartime conduct (jus in bello). Among other issues, modem laws of war address declarations of war, acceptance of surrender and the treatment of prisoners of war, military necessity along with distinction and proportionality, and the prohibition of certain weapons that may cause unnecessary suffering.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.255-265
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• 2017

In this paper, an efficient shear deformation theory is developed for wave propagation analysis in a functionally graded beam. More particularly, porosities that may occur in Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) during their manufacture are considered. The proposed shear deformation theory is efficient method because it permits us to show the effect of both bending and shear components and this is carried out by dividing the transverse displacement into the bending and shear parts. Material properties are assumed graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents; but the rule of mixture is modified to describe and approximate material properties of the functionally graded beams with porosity phases. The governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded beam are derived by employing the Hamilton's principle. The analytical dispersion relation of the functionally graded beam is obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. The effects of the volume fraction distributions, the depth of beam, the number of wave and the porosity on wave propagation in functionally graded beam are discussed in details. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the wave propagation characteristics in the functionally graded beam.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.23
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• pp.197-209
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to present a way to analyze and review the subjective view of the aesthetic for dress based on the framework of the aesthetic categories suggested by aesthetics. In order to define objectivism and subjectivism of the aesthetic of dress, theoretical studies on the aesthetic categories of dress were precded. And empirical studies on the aethetic categories of dress for selected period, the Renaissance (16th century) and the Baroque(17 th century). The results were follows : The objectivism of the aesthetic is the point of that an object causes human to feel and judge aesthetically, that is that of dress means judge aesthetically, that is that of dress means formal characteristic of dress and pervasive ideology expressed in dress. the subjectivism of the aesthetic is the point that the aesthetic is ruted in human, that is that of dress has been studied in relation to the image, the aesthetic consciousness m, or the aesthetic categories of dress. Especially, the aesthetic category is one of the universal and valid methods for the analysis of subjectivism of the aesthetic for dress. This study includes beauty, grace, elegance , the sublime, the tragic , the comic, aptness, ugliness as aesthetic categories of dress . Beauty is perfection and rule. Grace pleases human by sense. Elegance comes from the harmony of sense and spirit. the sublime comes into existence that human feels pleasure as well as displeasure simultaneously when human is overehelmed by objects. The tragic is the sense of the present of something valuable even if there is suffering. The comic is the sense of the presence of something amusing even if there is displeasure caused by contradiction. Apteness means utility in terms of the objectivism and , formality in terms of the subejctivism. Ugliness is opposite to beauty. As the result of emperical studies, the aesthetic categories of the Renaissance dress showed harmonious, balanced, and symmetrical beauty, and the magnificent, and enlarged sublime. In addition to these , grace and elegance were also found to some extent. Aesthetic categories of the Baroque dress show feminie, soft, cheerful, and fantastic grace, asymmetric , disarmonious, and extraordinary uglinesss, and the magnificient , grave, and dignified sublime.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.170-171
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• 2013

In aspect of HCI(Human Computer Interaction) gameplay is the procedure to solve the problem that gamers encounter in order to generate or discover a new rule to achieve gamers' goal. The goal of this research is to investigate the structure and understand the gameplay in aspect of affordance from ecological psychology rather than the traditional problem solving theory. This research selects 'World of Warcraft' as MMORPG(Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game). Five expert gamers participated in this experiment. We record all gameplay using audio and video device. We conducted protocol analysis as qualitative method based on the verbal report and action protocol during game playing. As result, gameplay based on affordance includes selection and relation. We found that subjects selected one thing at once with attention. Moreover, we found that there were two behaviors : exploratory action and performatory action. We believe that learning, utilization, and transformation for affordance appear. The result of this research imply to suggest design guideline for game design methodology when designers develop game.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1122-1131
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• 2000

The efficiency of thesytem depends upon an accurate extraction capability of index terms in the system of information search or in that of automatic index. Therefore, extraction of accurate index terms is of utmost importance. This report presents the generation methods of composition noun for efficient index term extraction by using words of high frequency appearance, so that the right documents can be found during information search. For the sake of presentation of this method, index terms of composition noun shall be extracted by applying the rule of composition and disintegration to the nouns with high frequency of appearance in the documents, such as those with upper 30%∼40% of frequency ratio. In addition, for he purpose of effecting an inspection of validity in relation to a composition of high frequency nouns such as those with upper 30∼40% of frequency ratio as presented in this report, it proposes an adequate frquency ratio during noun composition. Based upon the proposed application, in this short documents with less than 300 syllables, low frequency omissions were noticed, when composed with nouns in the upper 30% of frequency ratio; whereas the documents with more than 30 syllables, when composed with nouns in he upper 40% of frequency ration, had a considerable reduction of low frequency omissions. Thus, total number of index terms has decreased to 57.7% of these existing and an accurate extraction of index terms with an 85.6% adequacy ratio became possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.63-75
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is investigating the price fluctuation of landscaping plants in the Information on Commodity Prices(ICP) and the posted price fluctuation of landscaping plants of Public Procurement Service(PPS) recent 10 years. It also provides the basic information which can be applied to production and sales of landscaping plants, comparing with general price index. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, The price of investigated plants of PPS has increased about 4.56% in average recent 10 years. Among this increase, of evergreen tree was predominant. On the other hand, landscaping trees price of ICP has increased about only 2.34% in average. Secondly, The result shows that average price of investigated plants of PPS is positively related with the price of ICP. For this reason, we found that prices of ICP and of PPS move together in most case. However, we found that there are no relation between Consumer Price Index(CPI), Producer Price Index(PPI) and Agricultural Price Index(API). Therefore, price fluctuation of landscaping trees moves regardless of normal price fluctuation in general. Third, even though result shows that price index of evergreen trees, deciduous trees and shrubs are weakly related with normal price index partly, it was not high enough to be significant. According to the result, we found that price of landscaping plants is not related with market situation. For this reason, we thought that there are some difficulties for the reasonable production and sales of landscaping plants because the price is somewhat decided by rule of thumb. Therefore, understanding the composition of cost and making prediction by price fluctuation available are needed so that it can be practically conducive to reasonable production and sales.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.461-479
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• 1997

The concept map is the diagram of two dimensions which hierachically arrays main concepts from those of the textbook and shows their relations. The research analyzed five of the ten high school earthscience textbooks approved by the Minister of Education according to the 6th reformed curriculum in 1995, one of which this research chose to make out the concept maps. The chapter [III. the Universe] contains the outer space of the earth presents new concepts about the stars and the universe and introduces the latest research in astronomy. This study changed textbook contents into Novak's concept map, searched for concepts requiring complement for learners in oder to obtain concepts from those of the textbook and pointed out problems on the basis of that result still better concept map is set up. We have the following conclusions. First, it is necessary to rule out unnecessary small units so as to make more effective understanding and to rearrange the units to have relation to contents. Second, the higher concept and lower concept need to be rearranged systematically in making an array of textbook contents. Third, the concept should have something to do with learners' experences and consciousness by showing learners the real examples relevant to the concept for the link between them.