• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

본 연구는 일정계획을 위한 간트 차트(Gantt Chart) 생성과정을 세로로 세우면 일자형만 존재하는 테트리스(Tetris) 게임과 유사하다는 아이디어에서 출발하였다. 테트리스 게임에서 X축은 M개의 설비(Machine)들이 되고 Y축은 시간이 된다. 모든 설비에서 모든 종류(Type)의 주문은 분리 없이 작업 가능하나 작업물 종류가 다를 경우에는 시간지체 없이 작업 준비비용(SetupCost)이 발생한다는 가정이다. 본 연구에서는 앞에서 설명한 게임을 간트리스(Gantris)라 명명하고 게임환경을 구현 하였으며, 심층 강화학습을 통해서 학습한 인공지능이 실시간 스케줄링한 일정계획과 인간이 실시간으로 게임을 통해 수립한 일정계획을 비교하였다. 비교연구에서 학습환경은 단일 주문목록 학습환경과 임의 주문목록 학습환경에서 학습하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 비교대상 시스템은 두 가지로 4개의 머신(Machine)-2개의 주문 종류(Type)가 있는 시스템(4M2T)과 10개의 머신-6개의 주문종류가 있는 시스템(10M6T)이다. 생성된 일정계획의 성능지표로는 100개의 주문을 처리하는데 발생하는 Setup Cost, 총 소요 생산시간(makespan)과 유휴가공시간(idle time)의 가중합이 활용되었다. 비교연구 결과 4M2T 시스템에서는 학습환경에 관계없이 학습된 시스템이 실험자보다 성능지표가 우수한 일정계획을 생성하였다. 10M6T 시스템의 경우 제안한 시스템이 단일 학습환경에서는 실험자보다 우수한 성능 지표의 일정계획을 생성하였으나 임의 학습환경에서는 실험자보다 부진한 성능지표를 보였다. 그러나 job Change 횟수 비교에서는 학습시스템이 4M2T, 10M6T 모두 사람보다 적은 결과를 나타내어 우수한 스케줄링 성능을 보였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.4-29
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• 2015

문화재 범죄로 인한 문화재의 소실과 도난과 훼손을 방지하는 노력이 필요하다. 그러므로 문화재 범죄예방환경을 평가하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 문화재의 범죄양상을 분석하고 범죄환경유형을 분류하여, 범죄예방환경설계 요소를 도출함으로써 범죄예방환경을 평가하는 지표를 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해서 도출된 결과는 4가지로 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 문화재 CPTED에서 고려해야 할 범죄는 도난, 방화, 훼손, 침입이며, 야간에 발생할 수 있는 상황을 고려해야 할 것임을 밝혔다. 또한 이러한 범죄에 취약한 건조물 문화재 189개소에 대한 범죄예방환경을 분석하여 10개의 유형을 도출하였다. 둘째, 비문화재 CPTED에 적용되는 6가지 원리 중에서 '활동 증대', '유지 관리' 등은 문화재에 적용되지 않아도 될 것으로 판단되었다. 문화재 CPTED에서 적용되는 주요 원리가 '접근 통제', '감시 강화'인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 부가적으로 '입지조건'을 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 접근 통제는 문화재 영역에 따라 '내부 영역', '경계', '외부 영역', '주변 환경' 부문으로 구분되며 22개의 평가지표가 분류되었다. 감시 강화는 비문화재와 동일하게 '자연적 감시', '조직적 감시', '기계적 감시' 부문으로 구분되며 21개의 평가지표가 포함되었다. 넷째, 10개의 유형에 CPTED 부문을 적용하여 14개의 문화재 CPTED 환경을 분류하였으며, 각 환경별로 적합한 평가지표를 도출하였다. 서원 향교 관아 유형은 43개의 평가지표가 요구되지만, 성곽은 10여 개의 평가지표만 사용될 것으로 예상된다. 다섯째, 모든 평가지표를 사용해야 한다고 판단된 서원 향교 관아 유형에 해당되는 돈암서원에 대해 현장 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 검토 결과 CPTED의 평가지표를 현장에서 적용할 수 있음이 검증되었다. 그러나 조명, CCTV, 침입센서 등에 대해서는 3차원적인 별도의 평가기법을 개발하여 적용할 필요성이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 추후 연구에서 문화재 유형별로 면밀한 현장조사를 거쳐 평가지표를 보완할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 기존에 시도되지 않았던 문화재 전반에 대한 범죄예방환경설계의 평가지표를 제시한 것에 그 의의가 있다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제6호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2003

As a countermeasure under accidental occurrence situation, First, as application form of martial arts, A security guard foster ability that can protect a target person of guard and own body under accidental occurrence situation through incessant martial arts practice. To achieve this purpose, incessant training mental power and physical strength reinforcement should be kept on to prevent, therefore make a safety control function for such as weapon, small arms, explosive, vehicles terror etc. happened under accidental occurrence situation. Second, according to the contents of training based on the classification category of martial arts for security guard under accidental situation, a security guard must keep safety distance necessarily lest a target person of gurad should be attacked by attacker, therefore, intercept an attack opportunity if a safety distance between a target person of guard and attacker is not kept. Third, It is to practice confrontation techniques based on the type of attack. A security guard must develp situation disposal ability that can cope properly with the attack using empty hands, murderous weapon, small arms, explosive by case or individual or mass of threat that impose danger and injury in a target person's body of guard.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.353-386
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• 2016

Realistic assessment of the performance of reinforced concrete structural members like columns is needed for designing new structures or maintenance of the existing structural members. This assessment requires analytical capability of employing proper material models and cyclic rules and considering various load and displacement patterns. A computer application was developed to analyze the non-linear, cyclic flexural performance of reinforced concrete structural members under various types of loading paths including non-sequential variations in axial load and bi-axial cyclic load or displacement. Different monotonic material models as well as hysteresis rules, were implemented in a fiber-based moment-curvature and in turn force-deflection analysis, using proper assumptions on curvature distribution along the member, as in plastic-hinge models. Performance of the program was verified against analytical results by others, and accuracy of the analytical process and the implemented models were evaluated in comparison to the experimental results. The computer application can be used to predict the response of a member with an arbitrary cross section and various type of lateral and longitudinal reinforcement under different combinations of loading patterns in axial and bi-axial directions. On the other hand, the application can be used to examine analytical models and methods using proper experimental data.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2017

Purpose - Many studies have shown the effects of the external images of female flight attendants on the customers' satisfaction. Recently, the perception of male flight attendants has become more important and positive, and airlines are hiring a significant number of male flight attendants every year. Due to the lack of research on the male flight attendant, however, the images of male flight attendants were investigated for this study. Research, design, data and methodology - Using survey techniques with 204 respondents, this study used analytical data based their resulting analysis. Results - The study examined whether the image of the male flight attendant affects the cognitive and emotional perceptions of customers. The focus of the present study is the external image of the male flight attendant, and the following image-component divisions were formed: hairstyle, body type, uniform, speech, and facial expression. Conclusions - The study purpose sought to determine whether the image of the male flight attendant exert effects on the emotional and cognitive images of airlines, and if these images have a positive effect on the customers' satisfaction and loyalty for an airline, so that airlines can use the external image of the male flight attendant to help with its own image reinforcement.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.869-887
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• 2016

The socket-spigot template supporting system is widely used in engineering applications in China. As a newer type of support structure, there has been growing research interest in its bearing capacity. In this paper, four vertical bearing capacity tests were carried out on the basic mechanical unit frame of a socket-spigot template supporting system. The first goal was to explore the influence of the node semi-rigid degree and the longitudinal spacing of the upright tube on the vertical bearing capacity. The second objective was to analyze the displacement trend and the failure mode during the loading process. This paper presents numerical analysis of the vertical bearing capacity of the unit frames using the finite element software ANSYS. It revealed the relationship between the node semi-rigid degree and the vertical bearing capacity, that the two-linear reinforcement model of elastic-plastic material can be used to analyze the socket-spigot template supporting system, and, through node entity model analysis, that the load transfer direction greatly influences the node bearing area. Finally, this paper indicates the results of on-site application performance experiments, shows that the supporting system has adequate bearing capacity and stability, and comments on the common work performance of a socket and fastener scaffold.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

In this paper, a modified rigid body spring model (RBSM) is proposed and used to analyze the damage and failure process of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In the proposed model, the concrete is represented by an assembly of rigid blocks connected with a uniform distribution of normal and tangential springs to simulate the macroscopic mechanical behavior of concrete. Steel bars are evenly dispersed into rigid blocks as a kind of homogeneous axial material, and an additional uniform distribution of axial and dowel springs is defined to consider the axial stiffness and dowel action of steel bars. Perfect bond between the concrete and steel bars is assumed, and tension stiffening effect of steel bars is modeled by adjusting the constitutive relationship for the tensile reinforcement. Adjacent blocks are allowed to separate at the contact interface, which makes it convenient and easy to simulate the cracking process of concrete. The failure of the springs is determined by the Mohr-Coulomb type criterion with the tension and compression caps. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by elastic analyses of a cantilever beam under different loading conditions and failure analyses of a RC beam under two-point loading.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2020

The degree of mutual understanding between nursing students and instructors regarding simulation-based education remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjectivity of nursing students and instructors about simulation-based learning, and was intended to expand the mutual understand by employing the co-orientation model. Q-methodology was used to identify the perspectives of 46 nursing students and 38 instructors. Perception types found among students in relation to simulation-based learning were developmental training seekers, instructor-dependent seekers, and learning achievement seekers. The instructors estimated the student perception types as passive and dependent, positive commitment, demanding role as facilitators, and psychological burden. Perception types found among instructors included nursing capacity enhancement seekers, self-reflection seekers, and reality seekers. The students classified the instructors' perception types as nursing competency seekers, learning reinforcement seekers, and debriefing-oriented seekers. As a result of the analysis of these relations in the co-orientation model, instructors identified psychological burden and passive and dependent cognitive frameworks among students; however, these were not reported in the students' perspectives. Likewise, the reality seekers type found among the perception types of instructors was not identified by the students. These findings can help develop and implement simulation-based curricula aimed at maximizing the learning effect of nursing students.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.429-450
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• 2016

An attempt has been made to incorporate the concept of collapse safety margin into the procedures proposed in the performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework for direct earthquake loss estimation, in which the collapse probability curve obtained from incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is mathematically characterized with the S-type fitting model. The regressive collapse probability curve is then used to identify non-collapse cases and collapse cases. With the assumed lognormal probability distribution for non-collapse damage indexes, the expected direct earthquake loss ratio is calculated from the weighted average over several damage states for non-collapse cases. Collapse safety margin is shown to be strongly related with sustained damage endurance of structures. Such endurance exhibits a strong link with expected direct earthquake loss. The results from the case study on three concrete frames indicate that increase in cross section cannot always achieve a more desirable output of collapse safety margin and less direct earthquake loss. It is a more effective way to acquire wider collapse safety margin and less direct earthquake loss through proper enhancement of reinforcement in structural components. Interestingly, total expected direct earthquake loss ratio seems to be insensitive a change in cross section. It has demonstrated a consistent correlation with collapse safety margin. The results also indicates that, if direct economic loss is seriously concerned, it is of much significance to reduce the probability of occurrence of moderate and even severe damage, as well as the probability of structural collapse.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate problems with both fit and abrasion of golf gloves through a survey of golf usage among golfers over the age of 30, as well as by analyzing the golf glove industry with an emphasis on the size system and marketing situation. In addition, this study aims to suggest the basic raw materials for improving the design of golf gloves through physical properties inspections. The results of the analyses support the following suggestions. First of all, dissatisfaction arose from improper measurement in glove length. The survey showed that most problems occur in the pinky finger, while only the length of the middle finger of the glove is recorded based on Korean Standard Anthropometries Measurement. Clearly, proper measurements of every finger need to be included in the system. Secondly, the survey results clearly indicated regions 7(palm area) and 3(second finger area) as the areas requiring reinforcement. While the method of patching another layer with the same material is commonly used in the current glove market, materials other than genuine leather are unable to complement the abrasion. This study suggests that another layer of refill type genuine leather, which scored best in the physical properties inspection, needs to be patched onto regions 7 and 3.