• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.179-199
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• 2014

The steel tube-reinforced concrete (ST-RC) composite column is a novel type of composite column, consisting of a steel tube embedded in reinforced concrete. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of cumulative damage on the seismic behavior of ST-RC columns through experimental testing. Six large-scale ST-RC column specimens were subjected to high axial forces and cyclic lateral loading. The specimens included two groups, where Group I had a higher amount of transverse reinforcement than Group II. The test results indicate that all specimens failed in a flexural mode, characterized by buckling and yielding of longitudinal rebars, failure of transverse rebars, compressive crushing of concrete, and steel tube buckling at the base of the columns. The number of loading cycles was found to have minimal effect on the strength capacity of the specimens. The number of loading cycles had limited effect on the deformation capacity for the Group I specimens, while an obvious effect on the deformation capacity for the Group II specimens was observed. The Group I specimen showed significantly larger deformation and energy dissipation capacities than the corresponding Group II specimen, for the case where the lateral cyclic loads were repeated ten cycles at each drift level. The ultimate displacement of the Group I specimen was 25% larger than that of the Group II counterpart, and the cumulative energy dissipated by the former was 2.8 times that of the latter. Based on the test results, recommendations are made for the amount of transverse reinforcement required in seismic design of ST-RC columns for ensuring adequate deformation capacity.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2019

근접병설터널에서 필라의 안정성을 평가할 때, 필라 폭이 최소가 되는 지점에서의 국부안전율(강도/응력비)을 조사하는 방법이 널리 사용된다. FEM 응력해석결과를 바탕으로 국부안전율이 1.0 이하인 경우는 필라의 안정성이 확보되지 못 하는 것으로 판단하고 인장볼트 등의 보강공법을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 국부안전율은 필라폭/터널반경(PW/D)의 변화와 무관하게 일정한 값을 보이고 있으며 인장볼트의 프리스트레싱 도입 시에도 축차응력의 변화가 크지 않아 상대적으로 필라의 안전율을 과소평가 할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 아울러 Hoek and Brown(1980)이 제안한 평균안전율을 검토하였으나 상대적으로 필라폭의 크기가 커질 경우 필라의 안전율을 과대평가하는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이에 대한 대안으로 강도 감소법을 이용한 SRM 안전율을 도입하여 필라의 안정성을 평가한 결과 필라폭/터널반경 변화에 따른 무보강 및 인장볼트 보강효과가 잘 반영됨을 알 수 있었으며 파괴형상 또한 기존 극한 이론의 검토결과와 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 인장볼트의 보강효과를 구별하기 위해 록볼트 및 숏크리트를 고려하지 않고 안전율을 평가하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.417-426
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• 2018

This paper presents the seismic behaviors and restoring force model of ring beam joints of steel tube-reinforced concrete column structure under cyclic loading. First, the main failure mode, ultimate bearing capacity, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity are studied. Then, the effects of concrete grade, steel grade, reinforcement ratio and radius-to-width ratios are discussed. Finally, the restoring force model is proposed. Results show that the ring beam joints of steel tube-reinforced concrete column structure performs good seismic performances. With concrete grade increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity increase, while the stiffness degradation rates increases slightly. When the radius-width ratio is 2, with reinforcement ratio increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity decreases. However, when the radius-to-width ratios are 3, with reinforcement ratio increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity increases. With radius-to-width ratios increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity decreases slightly and the stiffness degradation rate increases, but the energy dissipation capacity increases slightly.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2020

본 연구는 건물형 전통시장의 화재 시뮬레이션을 통해 실내온도를 도출하여 온도구배를 이용하여 주요구조부의 온도를 산출하여 구조체 한계온도에 도달하는 시간과, 피난 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 도출 된 피난완료시간을 비교하여 피난안전성을 평가하였다. 피난안전성이 확보되지 않는 건축물의 주요구조부재에 내화보강을 0.01~0.035 m 두께로 실시하는 것을 개선안으로 제시하여 피난안전성을 확보하고자 하였다. 소형과 중형은 내화보강이 0.025 m 이상일 때, 중대형과 대형은 0.035 m 이상 보강시 안전성이 확보되는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 피난안전성의 확보하기 위해선 내화 보강이 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2005

The creep resistance of geogrids is one of the most significant long-term safety characteristics used as the reinforcement in slopes and embankments. The failure of geogrids is defined as creep strain greater than 10%. In this study, the accelerated creep tests were applied to polyester geogrids at various loading levels of 30, 50% of the yield strengths and temperatures using newly designed test equipment. Also, the new test equipment permitted the creep testing at or above glass transition temperature($T_g$) of 75, 80, $85^{\circ}C$. The time-dependent creep behaviors were observed at various temperatures and loading levels. And then the creep curves were shifted and superposed in the time axis by applying time-temperature supposition principles. The shifting factors(AFs) were obtained using WLF equation. In predicting the lifetimes of geogrids, the underlying distribution for failure times were determined based on identification of the failure mechanism. The results confirmed that the failure distribution of geogrids followed Weibull distribution with increasing failure rate and the lifetimes of geogrids were close to 100 years which was required service life in the field with 1.75 of reduction factor of safety. Using the newly designed equipment, the creep test of geogrids was found to be highly accelerated. Furthermore, the time-temperature superposition with the newly designed test equipment was shown to be effective in predicting the lifetimes of geogrids with shorter test times and can be applied to the other geosynthetics.

• 한국산업안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국안전학회 2001년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.209-212
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• 2001

현재 설계법에서는 최대인장력이 작용되는 지점에서부터의 정착길이(development length)나 갈고리(hook)를 통해 철근과 콘크리트의 거동을 확보하지만, 갈고리나 정착길이를 확보하기 위하여 어려움을 겪고 있다. 특히, 주근의 갈고리 정착으로 인하여 과밀 배근으로 콘크리트의 충진성을 저하시킨다.(중략)

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2024

Present paper deals with the cost effective design of reinforced concrete building frame employing unified particle swarm optimization (UPSO). A building frame with G+8 stories have been adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present algorithm. Effect of seismic loads and wind load have been considered as per Indian Standard (IS) 1893 (Part-I) and IS 875 (Part-III) respectively. Analysis of the frame has been carried out in STAAD Pro software.The design loads for all the beams and columns obtained from STAAD Pro have been given as input of the optimization algorithm. Next, cost optimization of all beams and columns have been carried out in MATLAB environment using UPSO, considering the safety and serviceability criteria mentioned in IS 456. Cost of formwork, concrete and reinforcement have been considered to calculate the total cost. Reinforcement of beams and columns has been calculated with consideration for curtailment and feasibility of laying the reinforcement bars during actual construction. The numerical analysis ensures the accuracy of the developed algorithm in providing the cost optimized design of RC building frame considering safety, serviceability and constructional feasibilities. Further, Monte Carlo simulations performed on the numerical results, proved the consistency and robustness of the developed algorithm. Thus, the present algorithm is capable of giving a cost effective design of RC building frame, which can be adopted directly in construction site without making any changes.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

단층 등 취약지반 조건에서의 터널굴착 시 터널천단 및 측벽변위의 억제를 목적으로 하는 각부보강공이 일반적으로 적용되고 있으며, 터널 단면증가 변화율에 따른 각부보강공 설치각도 및 길이를 고려한 지보안전성 확인을 위한 주요 인자로서 내공변위 천단침하 각부침하 각부축력 등의 여러 응력변위 특성 변수들이 있다. 이러한 굴착중 안전성확인을 위한 변수들에 대한 검토 결과, 우각부 침하영향성이 단면증가율 보다 더 큰 변위경향을 보이는 가장 중요한 중점관리 지배요소로 분석되었으며, 터널단면 증가 변화율에 대한 각 보강공 길이별 축력의 변화관점에서는 큰 연관성을 보여주지 못하는 터널단면 증가율 대비 작은 증가율을 나타냈다. 또한, 각부 보강공 축력의 발생경향은 터널 단면증가율보다 보강공 마찰지지 개념 메커니즘에 따른 거동 영향성을 보여주는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과, 일정한 길이의 각부 보강공이 선정될 경우 지반불량 구간에서의 터널 단면이 다소 대단면화하여도 무리하게 각부보강공의 길이를 연장시키지 않는 것이 시공성 및 경제성을 고려한 보다 더 합리적인 방법으로 판단된다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

Chloride is one of the most common threats to reinforced concrete (RC) durability. Alkaline environment of concrete makes a passive layer on the surface of reinforcement bars that prevents the bar from corrosion. However, when the chloride concentration amount at the reinforcement bar reaches a certain level, deterioration of the passive protection layer occurs, causing corrosion and ultimately reducing the structure's safety and durability. Therefore, understanding the chloride diffusion and its prediction are important to evaluate the safety and durability of RC structure. In this study, the chloride diffusion coefficient is predicted by machine learning techniques. Various machine learning techniques such as multiple linear regression, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, artificial neural networks, extreme gradient boosting annd k-nearest neighbor were used and accuracy of there models were compared. In order to evaluate the accuracy, root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used as prediction performance indices. The k-fold cross-validation procedure was used to estimate the performance of machine learning models when making predictions on data not used during training. Grid search was applied to hyperparameter optimization. It has been shown from numerical simulation that ensemble learning methods such as random forest and extreme gradient boosting successfully predicted the chloride diffusion coefficient and artificial neural networks also provided accurate result.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.277-281
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• 2004

The establishment and application of risk management system is one of the current issues in world-wide leading companies. Poor risk management might bring large-scale accident in construction industry by its features(large scale, diversity). Standardization system and standard for risk should be managed timely. In this paper, we do comparative analysis of standardization systems and standards concerned on risk, so thus present basic data for safety reinforcement and risk zero in the construction life cycle process.