• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-230
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• 2021

Innovative new products and services are being launched through the convergence between heterogeneous industries, and social interest and investment in convergence industries such as AI, big data-based future cars, and robots are continuously increasing. However, in the process of commercialization of convergence new products and services, there are many cases where they do not conform to the existing regulatory and legal system, which causes many difficulties in companies launching their products and services into the market. In response to these industrial changes, the current government is promoting the improvement of existing regulatory mechanisms applied to the relevant industry along with the expansion of investment in new industries. This study, in these convergence industry trends, aimed to analysis the existing regulatory system that is an obstacle to market entry of innovative new products and services in order to preemptively predict regulatory issues that will arise in emerging industries. In addition, it was intended to establish a regulatory impact analysis system to evaluate adequacy and prepare improvement measures. The flow of this study is divided into three parts. In the first part, previous studies on regulatory impact analysis and evaluation systems are investigated. This was used as basic data for the development direction of the regulatory impact framework, indicators and items. In the second regulatory impact analysis framework development part, indicators and items are developed based on the previously investigated data, and these are applied to each stage of the framework. In the last part, a case study was presented to solve the regulatory issues faced by actual companies by applying the developed regulatory impact analysis framework. The case study included the autonomous/electric vehicle industry and the Internet of Things (IoT) industry, because it is one of the emerging industries that the Korean government is most interested in recently, and is judged to be most relevant to the realization of an intelligent information society. Specifically, the regulatory impact analysis framework proposed in this study consists of a total of five steps. The first step is to identify the industrial size of the target products and services, related policies, and regulatory issues. In the second stage, regulatory issues are discovered through review of regulatory improvement items for each stage of commercialization (planning, production, commercialization). In the next step, factors related to regulatory compliance costs are derived and costs incurred for existing regulatory compliance are calculated. In the fourth stage, an alternative is prepared by gathering opinions of the relevant industry and experts in the field, and the necessity, validity, and adequacy of the alternative are reviewed. Finally, in the final stage, the adopted alternatives are formulated so that they can be applied to the legislation, and the alternatives are reviewed by legal experts. The implications of this study are summarized as follows. From a theoretical point of view, it is meaningful in that it clearly presents a series of procedures for regulatory impact analysis as a framework. Although previous studies mainly discussed the importance and necessity of regulatory impact analysis, this study presented a systematic framework in consideration of the various factors required for regulatory impact analysis suggested by prior studies. From a practical point of view, this study has significance in that it was applied to actual regulatory issues based on the regulatory impact analysis framework proposed above. The results of this study show that proposals related to regulatory issues were submitted to government departments and finally the current law was revised, suggesting that the framework proposed in this study can be an effective way to resolve regulatory issues. It is expected that the regulatory impact analysis framework proposed in this study will be a meaningful guideline for technology policy researchers and policy makers in the future.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.426-436
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• 2024

Nuclear security has been emphasized to ensure the safety of the environment and humans, as well as to protect nuclear materials and facilities from malicious attacks. With increasing utilization of nuclear energy and emerging potential threats, there has been a renewed focus on nuclear security. Korea has made efforts to enhance the regulatory oversight processes, both for general and specific legislative systems. While Korea has demonstrated effective nuclear security activities, continuous efforts are necessary to maintain a high level of security and to improve regulatory efficiency in alignment with international standards. In this study, the comprehensive regulatory oversight framework for the security of Korean nuclear facilities has been investigated. For reference, the U.S. regulatory oversight frameworks for nuclear facilities, with a focus on nuclear security, and the motivations of changes in regulatory oversight framework have been identified. By comparing these regulatory programs and frameworks, insights and considerations for enhancing nuclear security regulations have been identified. A comprehensive security inspection program tailored for the Korean regulatory oversight framework has been proposed, and has been preliminarily applied to hypothetical conditions for further discussion.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.41
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• pp.401-434
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• 2011

The discussion on the adoption of the horizontal regulatory framework is underway to overcome the problems regarding the vertical regulatory framework resulting from a convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications services. Recently, however, the horizontal regulatory framework shows its limitation to regulate the ecosystem established mainly by Google and Apple. The existing horizontal regulatory framework does not fully reflect the characteristics of the two-sided market and the change in the competition structure in the broadcasting and telecommunications sector. What is important to note is that if the existing horizontal regulatory framework is simply applied to the ecosystem, a regulatory imbalance can be caused among ecosystems. The existing horizontal regulatory framework, which is subject to a value chain structure, categorizes business entities into either contents layer or transmission layer and applies the same regulation to all business entities in the same category. However, in the ecosystem, a keystone-player can be categorized into different layers depending on its strategy. Therefore, if the existing horizontal regulatory framework is applied as it is, the regulatory imbalance between keystone-players located in less regulated areas and keystone-players located in more regulated areas occurs resulting in a distortion of competition. There are two possible ways to establish a new regulatory framework to prevent the distortion of competition likely to be caused by the adoption of a horizontal regulatory system. First, a new ecosystem regulatory framework different from the existing one can be established. Second, the horizontal regulatory framework can be modified to reflect the ecosystem elements. The first approach is hard to adopt given the current situation as the approach requires the analysis of all broadcasting and telecommunications ecosystems including mobile and wired services; currently research and study on the competition conditions in the ecosystems is not enough. Therefore, this paper supports the second approach proposing a modified horizontal regulatory framework through the improvement of institutions and remedies suitable for accommodating the ecosystem elements. This paper intends to propose a way to regulate broadcasting and telecommunications ecosystems taking into consideration the ecosystem elements on top of the Telecommunications Business Act, Broadcasting Act, IPTV Act, the competition condition evaluation system of the Basic Act on Broadcasting and Telecommunications Development, and regulation on common carriers under the Telecommunications Business Act.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.277-295
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• 2007

This paper presents the ODR phenomenon with a specific focus on regulatory problems. It argues that the current regulatory framework for online dispute resolution is, to a large extent, defective. Existing deficiencies result not only from a lack of comprehensive ODR law, but also from the weakness of the other modalities of regulation : norms and market. The current today's approach to regulating ODR has been unsuccessful, and it is time to re-examine that position. I would like to say that suggesting details of the optimal ODR regulatory framework is beyond the scope of this paper. From a broader perspective, the field of ODR seems to be not sufficiently regulated. Neither by law, nor by the restrains set by other norms or market. Given the current weakness of the modalities of regulation, online dispute resolution requires greater institutional and international support. It appears that adoption of internationally harmonized ODR law would not hamper the development of norms and market, but rather support their proper growth. As a result, the co-regulation approach recommended in this paper is different from both traditional state-oriented models of regulation and self-regulatory systems. Arguably, this co-regulation approach is the optimal model for regulation of online dispute resolution under current circumstances.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2005

This paper reviews the pivotal phases of the evolution of the current technology-dependent nuclear power safety regulation in the United States. Understanding of this evolution is essential to the development of any future regulatory paradigm, including the technology-neutral regulatory approach that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has recently embarked on to develop. The paper proposes and examines the implications of a predominately rationalist and best-estimate probabilistic regulatory framework called safety goals-driven performance-based regulation. This framework relies on continuous assessment of performance of a set of time-dependent safety-critical systems, structures and components that assure attainment of a broad set of technology-neutral protective, mitigative, and preventive goals. Finally, the paper discusses the steps needed to develop a corresponding technology-neutral regulatory system from the proposed framework.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.11B
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• pp.1001-1011
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• 2004

The structure of info-communications industry has been changing from vertical integration to horizontal layered disintegration as the Internet technology has been rapidly developed. Considering with this background, EU has decided to introduce new regulatory framework called 2003 framework and asked member states to shift to new framework by July 2003. The key words of the new framework is to be denoted by the following three characteristics: Introduction of cross-media regulatory framework Alleviation of entry regulation by general authorization, Transition from ex ante regulation to ex post regulation.

• Journal of Regulation Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-104
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• 2018

Regulatory agencies' response to resource constraints is an important issue in terms of regulatory effectiveness, but systematic research is lacking. As an effort to overcome this limitation, this study was to explore behaviors of regulatory agencies in response to resource constraints. Reviewing the precedent studies based on regulatory and organizational theories, the study suggested the potential behaviors of regulatory agencies under resource constraints: changes in regulatory processes, changes in enforcement methods, decoupling, and regulatory delegation and contracting-out. The study also discussed the realistic explanations of the response behaviors partly through the case of marine transportation regulation, and explained the problems that the regulatory agency's behaviors could bring about. Based on the findings, the study suggested that the regulatory framework should be designed to ensure the effectiveness of the regulatory system in consideration of the regulatory agencies' behaviors under resource constraints. The study is expected to contribute to developing a theoretical analysis framework ultimately for an empirical study in the future.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

After the Fukushima Daiichi accidents, public concerns on nuclear safety and the corresponding burden of nuclear power plant licensees are increasing. In order to secure public trust and enhance the rationality of current safety regulation, we develop a risk-informed decision making (RIDM) framework for the Korean regulatory body. By analyzing all the regulatory activities for nuclear power plants in Korea, eight action items are selected for RIDM implementation, with appropriate procedures developed for each. For two items in particular - the accident sequence precursor analysis (ASPA) and the significance determination process (SDP) - two customized risk evaluation software has been developed for field inspectors and probabilistic safety assessment experts, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed RIDM framework is demonstrated by applying the ASPA procedure to 35 unplanned scrams and the SDP to 24 findings from periodic inspections.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2022

Based on the information framework and regulatory focus theory, this paper verifies the impact on the advertising effect when the matching effect forms between the video advertising content type (Information Type, Entertainment Type) and the information framework (Promotional, Prevention) and the regulatory focus (Promotion Orientation, Prevention Orientation) in social media. In order to verify, after selecting of the experimental subjects and finishing the prior investigation of the experimental operation, four video advertisements and formal experiments were performed. The experimental results showed that first, the content type affects the advertising effect of the video and the information framework; when the information video matches the preventive information framework, it will have a more obvious positive effect on the advertising effect; when the entertainment video matches the promotion information framework, it will have a more obvious positive effect on the advertising effect. Second, with the two matches of video content type and information framework, the entertainment-oriented video has a more obvious positive effect for the information-oriented video audience; the above results enrich user created content research and improve the quality and communication efficiency of video in social media.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.10B
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• pp.929-935
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• 2006

When the Internet phone service, generally PC-to-Phone, first entered into the telecommunications service market, no regulatory issues were arisen to manage the service within the regulatory framework because of it's low quality, no phone number assignment and etc. However, almost the same quality, more applications and cheaper price compared with the fixed telecommunications service, have changed the regulator's policy allowing Internet phone service within market mechanism. While incumbent fixed telecommunications service enterprises had given with tremendous duties to continue the job categorized 'facilities-based telecommunication service provider', and which can be unreasonable and unfair if Internet phone service enterprises are allowed to enter into the fixed telecommunications market without any regulation. Thus, new regulatory framework has worked for the Internet phone service named the VoIP service generally in the fixed telecommunications market. Recently, VoIP is provided not only in the fixed telecommunications market but also in the mobile market as Wi-Fi phone is feasible in the wireless LAN environment. Furthermore, bundled service of Wi-Fi and cellular phone service will be launched soon, and the next version will be the mobile VoIP service operating like a cellular phone service. Hence, we will meet similar situation when the VoIP sewice enters into the fixed telecommunications service market. And, in this paper, we prospect the regulatory issues arising when the wireless or mobile VoIP service enterprises enter the mobile market, by analyzing possible scenarios.