• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.190-200
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine influences by the order, Reduction and Reinforcement in Acupuncture on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats. Methods: This experiments was to to investigate eath other changes of rCBF and MABP at Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reduction, Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reinforcement, Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction and Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture. Results: 1. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF and MABP in compared with normal condition. 2. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly decreased rCBF, and was decreased MABP in compared with normal condition. 3. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF during acupuncture but was recovered rCBF after with-drawing of the neddle. 4. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture and after withdrawing of the neddle. 5. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF during acupuncture and 30min after withdrawing of the neddle. 6. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture, but was recovered MABP after withdrawing of the neddle. Conclusions: I suggested that LR2 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture and LR2 HT8 Reinforcement in Acupuncture cause a diverse response of cerebral hemodynas.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

Objectives : In brain disorders such as ischemic stroke, the final outcome depends largely on the duration and the degree of the ischemia as well as the susceptibility of various cell types in the affected brain region. In the present study, the effects of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Extract(NNRe) were tested for the anti-oxidative action of rCBF. Methods : Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) were determined by LDF methods. LDF allows for real time, noninvasive, continuous recordings of local CBF. The LDF method has been widely used to trace hemodynamic changes in the superficial or the deep brain structures in experimental stroke research. Results : NNRe treatment showed no change on rCBF in methylene blue, ODQ and L-NNA pretreated rats. 120 minutes of MCAO and followed reperfusion, 0.1% concentration of NNR treatment improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic by increasing rCBF. Conclusions : The ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress may have contributed to cerebral damage in rats, and the present study provides clear evidences for the beneficial effect of NNR on ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.575-580
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• 2006

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Mixture of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Bamboo Extract on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. Experimental materials were as follows ; BE- 1 was Bamboo Extract (BE) extracted with 70% ethyl alcohol, BE-11 was BE extracted with distilled water at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, BE-111 was BE extracted with distilled water at $121^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs, MLC was mixture of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BCL) and BE-111 mixed at the ratio of 1 to 100 (MLC100), 1 to 50 (MLC50), 1 to 20 (MLC20), 1 to 10 (MLC10), 1 to 5 (MLC5). The results were as follows , The Changes of BE- 1 on the rCBF and MABP in normal rats were not showed, BE- 11 significantly decreased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner Dut increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. BE-111 increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, MLC significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner and increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by MLC5 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. As results above ; The present author thought that BE- 111 and MLC increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.19-35
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of acupuncturing $PC_8$ used perpendicular needling method determine the mechanism of action of acupuncturing $PC_8$ by measuring the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats. Methods : This study also investigated the effects of acupuncturing $PC_8$ on the change of rCBF in cerebral ischemic rats, and revealed the mechanism of its action. In addition, the effects of acupuncturing $PC_8$ on focal ischemic brain injury was studied in cerebral ischemic rats. Results : 1. Acupuncturing $PC_8$ significantly increase rCBF but decreased MABP in normal rats. 2. Acupuncturing $PC_8$ increased of rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase in normal rats. 3. Acupuncturing $PC_8$ increased of rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment methylene blue (10 ${\mu}g$/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase in normal rats. 4. Acupuncturing $PC_8$ was significantly improved the rCBF than control group increased unstable in cerebral ischemic rats. 5. Acupuncturing $PC_8$ was not significantly improved the rCBF than control group by pretreatment with indomethacin (1mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase in cerebral ischemic rats. 6. Acupuncturing $PC_8$ was significantly increased the rCBF than control group by pretreatment methylene blue ($10{\mu}g$/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase in cerebral ischemic rats. Conclusions : In conclusion, our study suggested that acupuncturing $PC_8$ can increase rCBF in normal state, and improve stability of rCBF in ischemic state. In addition, we suggested that mechanisms related with acupuncturing $PC_8$ was involved in the guanylate cyclase pathway.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.147-154
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• 2001

Amun(GV15), Habkook(LI4) and Shinsu(B23) have been used as a meridian point for apoplexy, hypertention, vertigo etc. The effects of GV 15, LI4 and B23 on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate the effect of several meridian points on the regional cerebral bloof flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(BP) in rats. The changes of BP and rCBF were tested Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). Results : The results of this Study were obtained as follows ; 1. GV15 and LI4 were increased significantly rCBF. 2. GV15, LI4 and B23 were increased BP, but have not significance. Conclusion : This results suggest that GV15 was increased rCBF by increasing pial arterial diameter, and LI4 was increased rCBF by increasing BP.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1014-1020
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• 2004

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Palmul-Tang(PMT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. The change of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video-microscopy. The results in normal rats were as follows ; PMT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and PMT increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that PMT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows ; Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by PMT(10㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. The present authors thought that PMT had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

Kyungisan (KGS) has been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for treatment of stroke caused by deficiency of qi(氣虛). This study was performed to evaluate effects of KGS extract on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in rats. The result of this study were as follow ; 1. KGS significantly increased rCBF irrelevant to MABP in normal rats, 2. To prescribe KGS after pretreatment with indomethacin(IDN) decreased rCBF as compared with control group to administered only KGS in normal rats. But the change of MABP is not significantly as compared with control group. 3. To prescribe KGS after pretreatment with methylen blue( MTB) decreased MABP and rCBF as compared with control group to administered only KGS in normal rats. Especially, it significantly decreased rCBF. These results suggest that KGS increase rCBF by enlargement diameter of pial artery in brain. The active mechanism of KGS is related with prostaglandin activated by cyclooxygenase. So, I suggest that KGS has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral blood flow and can be used for stroke.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Mixture of Yukgunja-tang and Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (YTBCL) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of YTBCL. The results in rats were as follows ; YTBCL 25 ${\mu}l$ significantly decreased rCBF and MABP compared with basal condition. YTBCL 100 ${\mu}l$ significantly increased rCBF compared with basal condition, but decreased MABP compared with basal condition. YTBCL 50 ${\mu}l$ significantly increased rCBF compared with basal condition, but MABP was somewhat decreased compared with basal condition. The VTBCL 50 ${\mu}l$-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (10 ${\mu}g$/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase and indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The YTBCL 50 ${\mu}l$-induced decreased MABP significantly increased by pretreatment with methylene blue but was inhibited by indomethacin. This results were suggested that the mechanism of YTBCL was mediated Dy guanylate cyclase.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2002

This experimental studies were done to investigate the effects of Sambutang(SBT) and consitituent herbs on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(BP) in rats. The results are as follows: SBT and consitituent herbs(SBT omitting Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. Ginseng Radix and Aconiti iateralis preparata Radix) was increased rCBF significantly in a dose-dependent manner. SBT omitting Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and Ginseng Radix were decreased significantly BP in rats. But, SBT, Aconiti iateralis preparata Radix and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens were not affected BP in rats. According to the above findings. it is suggested that SBT causes a diverse response of rCBF, and specially the rCBF by increasing SBT is mediated action of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1394-1400
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Samul-tang Extract and Bambusae caulis in liquamen(SEB) on the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats. The results were as follows ; SBE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggests that SBE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. Increase of SBE-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and increase of SBE-induced rCBF was inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue ($10\;{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. Increase of SBE-induced MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with methylene blue but increase of SBE-induced MABP was decreased by pretreatment with indomethacin. These results suggested that the action of SBE was mediated by cyclooxygenase.