• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.8C no.5
• /
• pp.637-646
• /
• 2001

The multicasting telecommunication is an important research as an applicable technique in the development of adaptable technique for modern mobile computing and mobile IP, because that is supposed to be a solution for transferring the large-size information on the mobile and wireless network with the narrow bandwidth. This paper will suggest one solution for the bidirectional tunneling and the local re-registration problems to support transferring mobile multicasting datagram by the partitioned network. The bidirectional tunneling technique is in use for mobile host moving around in a region and the local re-registration technique for crossing regions to reduce traffic load caused by transferring datagram along a long distance, and we compare those models with our suggested model by simulation.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2011

Current, Registration fields of CDM projects are being conducted in a variety of parts such as mostly energy, chemical processing and manufacturing processes. However, there are not many CDM project registrations by recycling of inorganic waste. In this paper, analysis abroad CDM project and applications in order to review possibility of CDM project registration through the recycling of domestic inorganic waste were investigated. As a results, registered case of CDM project by inorganic waste recycling was researched to registrate in raw material alternative field of cement industry that inorganic waste can be used in large quantities. Application prospects of CDM project in Korea will be possible to analysis industrial scale, industry using inorganic raw materials, green house gas emissions and inorganic waste generated in large quantities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.2841-2846
• /
• 2016

Background: Tobacco use is the single most important preventable risk factor for cancer. Surveillance of tobacco-related cancers (TRC) is critical for monitoring trends and evaluating tobacco control programmes. We analysed the trends of TRC and evaluated the population-based cancer registry (PBCR) in Delhi for simplicity, comparability, validity, timeliness and representativeness. Materials and Methods: We interviewed key informants, observed registry processes and analysed the PBCR dataset for the period 1988-2009 using the 2009 TRC definition of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated the percentages of morphologically verified cancers, death certificate-only (DCO) cases, missing values of key variables and the time between cancer diagnosis and registration or publication for the year 2009. Results: The number of new cancer cases increased from 5,854 to 15,244 (160%) during 1988-2009. TRC constituted 58% of all cancers among men and 47% among women in 2009. The age-adjusted incidence rates of TRC per 100,000 population increased from 64.2 to 97.3 among men, and from 66.2 to 69.2 among women during 1988-2009. Data on all cancer cases presenting at all major government and private health facilities are actively collected by the PBCR staff using standard paper-based forms. Data abstraction and coding is conducted manually following ICD-10 classifications. Eighty per cent of cases were morphologically verified and 1% were identified by death certificate only. Less than 1% of key variables had missing values. The median time to registration and publishing was 13 and 32 months, respectively. Conclusions: The burden of TRC in Delhi is high and increasing. The Delhi PBCR is well organized and generates high-quality, representative data. However, data could be published earlier if paper-based data are replaced by electronic data abstraction.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.92-101
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of non-compliance with treatment (NCT) among gastric cancer patients in the Korean population. Materials and Methods: Using data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 1999 to 2015, patients who did not receive any treatment for gastric cancer within 4 months after diagnosis were defined as the NCT group. The annual incidence rate, distributions according to age group and stage, and 5-year relative survival of the patients exhibiting NCT were analyzed. Results: The number of NCT patients was 5,871 (30.6%) in 1999 and continuously decreased to 4,434 (15.3%) in 2015. Between 2006 and 2015, the proportions of NCT patients decreased from 72.9% to 55.0% among those 80 years old or older and from 9.2% to 5.4% among patients younger than 40 years. In patients with distant metastases, this proportion decreased from 35.5% to 32.7%, and this proportion also decreased from 17.6% to 8.2% among those with localized disease. The 5-year relative survival rates of NCT patients between 2011 and 2015 were significantly lower than those of the treated patients in each stage (60.2% vs. 99.7%, 13.8% vs. 67.1%, and 2.0% vs. 8.3% among those with localized, regional, and distant disease, respectively). Conclusions: The proportion of NCT gastric cancer patients has decreased during the last 16 years. However, considerable numbers of elderly patients are still NCT. There must be a strategy to decrease NCT and improve the nationwide survival rate of patients with gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.35-50
• /
• 2024

Dokmoe persimmon system in Changwon, designated as a Korea National Important Agricultural Heritage System is a unique agricultural heritage system, is a farming system carried out in the sloping semi-mountainous terrain of the low hills downstream of the Nagdong River. In this study, we analyzed the proposal submitted for registration by the orchard region GIAHS and analyzed the regional characteristics, agricultural characteristics, and threats to heritage conservation of Dokmoe persimmon system. Dokmoe persimmon system is located in a large city, so the threat of development was analyzed as a threat factor differentiated from other regions, and the development of the processing industry was analyzed as a common initiative for GIAHS in the orchard area. Based on this, we established a action plan for heritage conservation. The action plan consists of 4 main criteria, 6 plans, and 14 initiatives. Research on Dokmoe persimmon farming is now at the starting point, and this study will be able to contribute to registration of Dokmo persimmon system in GIAHS.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Historically, incidence and survival analysis and annual traits for primary liver cancer (LC) has not been investigated in a population-based study in Korea. The purpose of the current study is to determine incidence, survival rate of patients with primary LC in Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Korea Central Cancer Registry based on the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database. Statistical analysis including crude rate and age-standadized rate (ASR) of incidence and mortality was performed for LC patients registered with C22 code in International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision from 1999 to 2019. Subgroup analysis was performed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, C22.0) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC, C22.1). Results: The crude incidence rate of HCC (21.0 to 22.8 per 100,000) and IHCC (2.3 to 5.6 per 100,000) increased in the observed period from 1999 to 2019. The ASR decreased in HCC (20.7 to 11.9 per 100,000) but remained unchanged in IHCC (2.4 to 2.7 per 100,000). The proportion of HCC patients diagnosed in early stages (localized or regional Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results or SEER stage) increased significantly over time. As expected, 5-yeat survival rate of HCC was greatly improved, reaching 42.4% in the period between 2013 and 2019. This trait was more prominent in localized SEER stage. On the other hand, the proportion of IHCC patients diagnosed in localized stage remained unchanged (22.9% between 2013 and 2019), although ASR and 5-year survival rate showed minor improvements. Conclusions: A great improvement in survival rate was observed in patients with newly diagnosed HCCs. It was estimated to be due to an increase in early detection rate. On the contrary, detection rate of an early IHCC was stagnant with a minor improvement in prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.3461-3463
• /
• 2013

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a solid tumour of lymphocytes, important elements in the immune system. According to 2006 data, in Turkey the incidence was 6.5 per 100,000 in males, and 4.4 in females. The relationship between the use of pesticides and development of NHL has been extensively investigated in many studies, and it has been demonstrated that the risk of NHL is increased by exposure to such compounds. Antalya is a region of intensive agricultural activity. In this study, the relationship between the incidence of lymphoma in Antalya and the amount of pesticides employed was investigated. Materials and Methods: The study used data from 1995 to 2010 on the patients from the databank of TR Ministry of Health, Antalya Provincial Health Directorate, Cancer Registration Center and the patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with NHL during these years. Results: The relationship between the amount of pesticide used and the incidence was studied with the Spearman correlation analysis and the p value was found as 0.05. The correlation coefficient was 0.497. An increase in the NHL incidence over the years was identified, with a 2.42-fold increment found from 1995 to 2005 and a 2.77 fold elevation from 1995 to 2010. The use of pesticides increased 1.89 fold over the same period. Conclusions: Our study investigated the relationship of the pesticides used with NHL patients diagnosed during the same year. Since the time elapsing after exposure to pesticides until the development of cancer is not clear, no comparison can be made at present. We believe that the increase in use of pesticides since 1995 may be associated with the increase in the incidence of NHLand therefore that further studies on the issue including measurements of serum pesticide levels, are required.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.253-264
• /
• 2002

Recently, hierarchical architectures of databases for location management have been proposed in order to accommodate the increase in user population in future personal communication systems. In particular, a 3-level hierarchical database architecture is compatible with current cellular mobile systems. In the architecture, a newly developed additional databases, regional location database(RLR), are positioned between HLR and VLRs. We propose an efficient cache scheme, called the Double T-thresholds Location Cache Scheme. The cache scheme extends the existing T-threshold location cache scheme which is competent only under 2-level architecture of location databases currently adopted by IS-41 and GSM. The idea behind our scheme is to use two pieces of cache information, VLR and RLR serving called portables. The two pieces are required in order to exploit root only locality of registration area(RA) but also locality of regional registration area(RRA) which is the wide area covered by RLR. We also use two threshold values in order to determine whether the two pieces are obsolete. In order to model the RRA residence time, the branching Eralng-$\infty$ distribution is introduced. Our minute cost analysis shows that the double T-threshold location cache scheme yields significant reduction of network and database costs for molt patterns of portables.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.49 no.sup1
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2016

Background: This study uses the relevance index to understand the condition of regional medical service use for cardiovascular surgery and to identify the medical service use imbalance between regions. Methods: This study calculated the relevance index of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces using resident registration address data from the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs and the 2010-2014 health insurance, medical care assistance, and medical benefits claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We identified developments over the 5-year time period and analyzed the level of regional imbalance regarding cardiovascular surgery through the relative comparison of relevance indexes between cardiovascular and other types of surgery. Results: The relevance index was high in large cities such as Seoul, Daegu, and Gwangju, but low in regions that were geographically far from the capital area, such as the Gangwon and Jeju areas. Relevance indexes also fell as the years passed. Cardiovascular surgery has a relatively low relevance index compared to key types of surgery of other fields, such as neurosurgery and colorectal surgery. Conclusion: This study identified medical service use imbalance between regions for cardiovascular surgery. Results of this study demonstrate the need for political intervention to enhance the accessibility of necessary special treatment, such as cardiovascular surgery.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 2012

In this study, the assessment of livestock manure nitrogen loading for recycling farming in Yeoju-Gun carried out comparing manure units based on the cultivation areas and the N-amount of manure that are generated from livestock manure. Manure units (MU) are used in the permitting, registration, because they allow equal standards for all animals based on manure nutrient production. An MU is calculated by multiplying the number of animals by manure unit factor for the specific type of animal. The manure unit factor for MU determination was determined by dividing amounts of manure N produced 80kg N/year. In this study, manure unit by nitrogen concentration and amount of animal manure was calculated as follows: Hanwoo multiplied by 0.36, dairy cows multiplied by 0.8. swine multiplied by 0.105. The laying hens and broilers multiplied by 0.0079, 0.0049, respectively. The analysis of liquid manure unit per ha shows that the N loading by LMU is quite different by region. When it comes to nitrogen loading, the LMU per ha of cultivated land in excess of the N-amount was the highest in the Bukne-myeon province with 2.76 MU/ha, which is higher than the appropriate level. The Ganam-myeon province came next with 2.53 LMU. To be utilized as a valid program to build the environmentally friendly agricultural system, diverse measures shall be mapped out to properly determine manure units, evaluate N-loading and to properly manage their nutrient balance of each region.