• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.274-286
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data that may help develop health promotion programs by identifying health problems and perceived health status of the rural elderly. Method: The subjects of the study were 366 elders recruited from 24 villages located in Mari Myun, Geochang Gun, Korea. The sample was selected using a quota sampling method. The instruments used in the study included 117 items for health problems and 4 items for perceived health status. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and scheffe test using SPSS program. Results: 1) The most prevalent health problem was ailments in 'musculoskeletal system', followed by 'fatigue', 'eyes and ears', 'genitourinary system', 'mood & temper patterns', 'cardiovascular system', 'digestive system', 'nervous system', 'respiratory system' and 'skin'. 2) Womens health problems were more prevalent than men's health problems. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 7.68. 4) Health problems of the rural elderly were significantly correlated with demographic variables such as education (F=9.532, p=0.000), gender (t=-4.246, p=0.000), marital status (t=-3.531, p=0.000), family type (F=5.742, p=0.00l), and occupation (t=3.356, p=0.001). 5) Perceived health status of the rural elderly was significantly correlated with demographic variables such as education (F=6.408, p=0.002), gender (t=2.949, p=0.003), marital status (t=0.802, p=0.034), family type (F=4.844, p=0.003), and occupation (t=-2.485, p=0.011). 6) Health problems of the rural elderly were significantly correlated with life style pattern variables such as drinking (F=5.223, p=0.006), smoking (F=4.087, p=0.007), salty food intake (F=3.424, p=0.034), greenish yellow vegetables intake (F=6.343, p=0.002) and fat food intake (F=5.327, p=0.005). 7) Perceived health status of the rural elderly was significantly correlated with life style pattern variables such as sleeping hours (F=3.966, p=0.020) and drinking (F=7.231. p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that nurses need to understand health problems and perceived health status of the rural elderly and to develop health promotion programs for them in the future in the consideration of regional and environmental elements.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptions to hindering factors and development factors for water leisure activation. In order to accomplish the study purpose, this study employed a survey method with water leisure participants and employees from 6 regions(participants=205, employees=117). The data were analyzed using independent t-tests at a=.05 and following findings were derived from current study. First, among 20 hindering factors, water leisure participants had higher levels of perceptions than employees in licence system, limited activation regulation, departure report regulation, absence of exclusive organization, lack of providing information, lack of participative events and support systems. Second, relatively highly perceived hindering factors included departure report regulation, limited activation regulation, licence system, lack of government support, lack of mooring facility and lack of exclusive charged organization, in order. Third, the important development factors perceived by participants included support for licence and education and diversified water leisure programs but those perceived by employees included placement of educated experts and related event host and publicity. Finally, relatively highly perceived development factors included activation of free experience, promotion of marina development, support for licence and education, diversified programs and support for water leisure business. Accordingly, the findings provided fundamental information that both central and regional government can utilize for further activating water leisure. In addition, several development strategies were discussed on financial support, facility support, human resource support, education support and event support perspectives.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.236-246
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• 2016

Social enterprise is an organization which use business activities as a means to achieve of social purposes. It has grown sharply since 2007 in Korea. However, now it is time had to pursue qualitative growth through the development of specialized business model. This study aims to identify business components using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with experts and to develop a tailored business model for social enterprises in the fields of culture, performance, and the arts associated with the tourism based on regional demand within Gwangju. The analysis shows that job creation should be set as the main objectives to create value, and programs that offer hands-on experience with that fields can be the core competency. Cooperation among private corporations, local governments and agencies related to that fields is essential, as are programs provided through on- and off-line platforms. To develop a value proposition, customers must be segmented among a variety of the market participants.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2013

Objectives: The study is aimed at examining the individual reasons and regional/environmental factors of online search on suicide using social big data to predict practical behaviors related to suicide and to develop an online suicide prevention system on the governmental level. Methods: The study was conducted using suicide-related social big data collected from online news sites, blogs, caf$\acute{e}$s, social network services and message boards between January 1 and December 31, 2011 (321,506 buzzes from users assumed as adults and 67,742 buzzes from those assumed as teenagers). Technical analysis and development of the suicide search prediction model were done using SPSS 20.0, and the structural model, nd multi-group analysis was made using AMOS 20.0. Also, HLM 7.0 was applied for the multilevel model analysis of the determinants of search on suicide by teenagers. Results: A summary of the results of multivariate analysis is as follows. First, search on suicide by adults appeared to increase on days when there were higher number of suicide incidents, higher number of search on drinking, higher divorce rate, lower birth rate and higher average humidity. Second, search on suicide by teenagers rose on days when there were higher number of teenage suicide incidents, higher number of search on stress or drinking and less fine dust particles. Third, the comparison of the results of the structural equation model analysis of search on suicide by adults and teenagers showed that teenagers were more likely to proceed from search on stress to search on sports, drinking and suicide, while adults significantly tended to move from search on drinking to search on suicide. Fourth, the result of the multilevel model analysis of determinants of search on suicide by teenagers showed that monthly teenagers suicide rate and average humidity had positive effect on the amount of search on suicide. Conclusions: The study shows that both adults and teenagers are influenced by various reasons to experience stress and search on suicide on the Internet. Therefore, we need to develop diverse school-level programs that can help relieve teenagers of stress and workplace-level programs to get rid of the work-related stress of adults.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1987

The U.S. Forest Service administers the world's largest forestry research organization. From its modest beginning in 1876, some 30 years before the United States national forest system was established, the research branch has devoted its effort to meet current and future information needs of the forestry community of the United States, not just for the U.S. Forest Service. The research branch is one of three major administrative units of the U.S. Forest Service. The others being the National Forest System and State and Private Forestry. Currently the National Forest System comprises 155 national forests, 19 national grasslands, and 18 utilization projects located in 44 states. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The National Forest System manages these areas for a large array of uses and benefits including timber, water, forage, wildlife, recreation, minerals, and wilderness. It is through the State and Private Forestry branch that the U.S. Forest Service cooperates and coordinates forestry activities and programs with state and local governments, forest industries, and private landowners. These activities include financial and technical assistance in disease, insect, and fire protection ; plan forestry programs ; improve harvesting and marketing practices ; and transfer forestry research results to user groups. Forestry research is carried out through eight regional Forest Experiment Stations and the Forest Product Laboratory. Studies are maintained at 70 administrative sites, and at 115 experimental forest and grasslands. All of the current sciences that composed modern forestry are included in the research program. These range from forest biology (i. e. silviculture, ecology, physiology, and genetics) to the physical, mathematical, engineering, managerial, and social sciences. The levels of research range from application, developmental, and basic research. Research planning and priority identification is an ongoing process with elements of the research program changing to meet short-term critical information needs(i. e. protection research) to long-term opportunities(i. e. biotechnology). Research planning and priority setting is done in cooperation with National Forest Systems, forest industries, universities, and individual groups such as environmental, wilderness, or wildlife organizations. There is an ongoing review process of research administration, organization, and science content to maintain quality of research. In the U.S. Forest Service the research responsibility is not completed until the new information is being applied by the various user group : I. e. technology transfer program. Research planning and development in the U.S. Forest Service is a dynamic activity. Porgrams for the year 2000 and beyond are now in the planning stage.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-211
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• 1993

The Korean government embarked upon ambitious economic development plans in the 1960's the goals of development policy at that time were the elimination of absolute poverty and the alleviation of unemployment. With scant natural resources, the government had to push for industrialization based upon borrowed foreign raw materials with surplus local labor. Preoccupation with the economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environmental protection. It is evident that Korea's exported industrialization strategy of the past three decades has been a success in terms of income, production, and other macroeconomic indicators, but it cannot be denied that a host of undesirable side-effects have been created. These include environmental problems. congestion in several large cities, poor wealth distribution, and regional disparities. The environmental problems were recognized even in the early stage of development, but preoccupation with the pending economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environment protection. The perceived and actual seriousness of the problems, however, has reached such a level that further negligence may imperil political stability and developmental problems facing the world arise from a world economic order characterized by ever expanding consumption and production, which exhausts and contaminates natural resources and creates and perpetuates gross inequalities between and within nations. It will be necessary to develop new culture and ethical values, transform economic structures, and reorient, our lifestyles. Changing lifestyles can not be promoted by government policy initiative alone but through self=generated educational efforts and mutual training by people themselves. The citizens group for environment (NGOs) should assume these educational and training responsibilities starting from grass-root level of people. It must be reawakened to the reality that the environmental preservation for better quality of life is based on the development of human relationships, creativity, spirituality, reverance for the natural world and celebration of life, and is not dependent upon increased consumption of non-basic material goods. To carry on such environment education social movements and NGOs should (1) provides educational methodologies, which focus on values clarification and moving beyond clarification and moving beyond blame to constructive action. (2) provide training for leaders of business and industry, government, union and others on consumption and production. (3) initiate and support the training and work of environmental counselor who encourage responsible consumption. (4) cooperative with media to initiate and strengthen educational programs on the social environmental programs on the social environmental impacts of consumption and production and to build awareness of consumer responsibility and potential. Economic and social development can be compatible with environment protection : both can be achieved simultaneously. Effective environmental management depends on the various factors : political will, institutional arrangements, appropriate legislation, and availability of the requistite financial and technological resources, which is possible with a strong public awareness of the importance of environmental preservation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.386-402
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyse reemployment status of nurses participated in reemployment support program and to examine the effects of 2011-2013 reemployment programs which were managed by regional centers under Korean Nurses Association. An analysis was conducted using the data of self reported structured questionnaire from 332 career-interrupted nurses who were unemployed more than 6 months and have received reemployment services. The major finding were as follows. 59.9% of respondents were successfully reemployed, but 22.3% didn't get a job and 17.8% left jobs again after reemployed. Major reasons of not being employed were unmatched working hours and low salary. Subgroup analyses show that the reemployment program worked better to the respondents with older age, three year college graduate, and longer unemployment period than the respondents with young, four year college graduate, and short period of unemployment. The results show that more diverse reemployment programs are need to fit various kinds of career interrupted nurses, along with the development of different work hour systems and improvement of salary.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.799-815
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• 2015

The gifted Education has been grown up a lot although it has several problems in terms of the quality of the gifted education programs after legislated the Promotion of Education for the Gifted and Talented Law during the last ten-year period. So the purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' perceptions of the national standards gifted education program and the problems in managing of the gifted education program. The conclusions according to the analysis are as follows. First, it has analyzed that gifted teachers recognize the lack of teaching and learning materials, regional level difference of the gifted children, Redundancy of program in the grade and school levels in managing of the gifted education as the problems. Second, it was found that perception of most gifted teachers about necessity of the National Standards Gifted Education Program development was very positive. Also, it has shown that gifted teachers expect the education with the overlapped contents and teaching methods would be managed differently, the difficulty of the topic selection could be resolved, and the quality of the gifted education by the programs development of various aspects would be increased. Especially, gifted teachers expect that the problem from the lack of gifted education continuity of school levels could be resolved by development of the National Standards Gifted Education Program. Therefore, for the improving quality of gifted education with resolving the problem from the Contents Redundancy and the lack of gifted education continuity of school levels, the national standards gifted education program should be studied developed as soon as possible.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2004

The protection of intellectual property right in international conventions are worldwide or regional areas already exists a century. Therefore, our country is positive affiliated with international conventions. After that time, such as a violation of international convention and an example of imitations are continually that we prognosticate the international trade market activities was difficult not only became an issue of country credit risk. At this point, the major purpose of this study make an analysis of both paralleled with the case study follow an example and the comprehension with concerned about recognition of intellectual property right. In additionally, it stands a plan of package design protections under the WTO systems. This study have carried out a theoretical and practical analysis of intellectual property right and statistical analysis through the inside and outside of the country packaging design study and a case study of troubles with intellectual property. Besides, it is accomplish the purpose of the study that established exploratory study survey about inside and outside of the country packaging design infringement case study and relative package design industry employees with consumptions real research. I hoped that this study will be a foundation on which packaging, design industry protections to intellectual property right.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.24.1-24.6
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• 2014

The present study investigated the effects of varying durations of nursery diets differing in percentages of milk products on growth performance of pigs during the nursery phase (NP) and subsequent grow-finish phase (GFP) to find the feasibility of reducing the use of nursery diets containing costly milk products. A total of 204 21-d-old weanling female and castrated male pigs were subjected to one of three nursery phase feeding programs differing in durations on the NP 1 and 2 and GFP diets containing 20%, 7%, and 0% lacrosse and 35%, 8%, and 0% dried whey, respectively, in 6 pens (experimental units) for 33 d: HIGH (NP 1, 2 and 3 diets for 7, 14, and 12 d), MEDIUM (NP 2 and 3 for 14 and 19 d), and LOW (NP 2 and 3 and GFP 1 for 7, 14, and 12 d). Subsequently, 84 randomly selected pigs [14 pigs (replicates)/pen] were fed the GFP 1, 2 and 3 diets during d 54-96, 96-135, and 135-182 of age, respectively. The final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) of nursery pigs did not differ among the HIGH, MEDIUM, and LOW groups (14.8, 13.3, and 13.7 kg in BW and 273, 225, and 237 g in ADG, respectively). The average daily feed intake during the nursery phase was greater (p < 0.01) in the HIGH group than in the MEDIUM and LOW groups, whereas the gain:feed ratio did not differ across the treatments. The BW on d 182 and ADG during d 54-182 were greater in the HIGH and MEDIUM groups vs. the LOW group (110.0, 107.6, and 99.6 kg in BW, respectively; p < 0.01). The backfat thickness and carcass grade at slaughter on d 183 did not differ across the treatments. In conclusion, the MEDIUM program may be inferior to the commonly used HIGH program in supporting nursery pig growth. Nevertheless, the former appears to be more efficient than the latter in production cost per market pig whereas the LOW program is thought to be inefficient because of its negative effect on post-nursery pig growth.