• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.223-232
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the trend of research articles for the age of youth at 20s during 10 years through topic modeling and keyword network analysis. In results, 'incomes', 'program', 'business start-up', and 'culture' were selected as main keywords, and the research articles were classified into six topics, which were employment support services, values, unstable life, government support policies, religious views, and business start-up support services. Additionally, we found the youth at 20s had higher rate of efficacy for digital technology, pursued efficient consumption of digital information, showed meaningful and athetical patterns of consumption, tried to search for their identity, and showed realistic action in daily. Finally, we raised some questions for value gap among aging groups, inbalance of regional development, and income inequality and suggested long-term youth policies to solve fundamental problems of youth at 20s.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.161-168
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• 2020

Local decentralization is a rational allocation of power and responsibilities between the state and local governments, but it is not just a transfer of administrative affairs and transfer of funds. In order to look at the task of moving administrative affairs to the districts, this paper first considered the relevant prior study. Next, we looked at the assessment of the level of function transfer and direction of transfer for government employees. Finally, the task for the transfer of functions has been drawn. Revitalizing functions or affair transfers requires the president's firm will and continued support, efforts to divide roles between central and local governments, increased responsibilities of local governments, revitalizing civic participation and establishing democracy. In addition, in order to expand the function transfer problem, the affair allocation system must be newly established. The discussion of such a system should take into account the issue of regional equity as well as financial transfers. Localization through transfer of functions requires, among other things, a change in perception of the relevant groups. Local decentralization requires long-term time and the participation and cooperation of not only the central but also related stakeholders are important, as seen in existing studies and in the nation's experience.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.239-243
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• 2009

A various regional competitions through the introduction and settlement of a local self-government have been important in city marketing. For city developing, a serial activation polices are come and in this process the native history and cultures have recognized as the core tool of cities. For possession of city competition, we have developed the ciies's tangible and/or intangible cultural properties and make full use of a attractive asset. The city identity is estibilished and the opportunity of a special space is made. This city identity has been dependent on spending time. We suggest the strategy for city image through the historical element and the development of program for the promotion of publicity activities. The preservation and application of the modern architectures as the cultural and historical element promote the city image and build the position of city identity. We suggest the city marketing for the implication on the sustainable reproductive city.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2014

This paper presents an evaluation method that considers the weights of many characteristics of a public transportation system; this method facilitates the selection of suitable advanced transit system in a transportation investment plan. The method sets up twelve evaluation items separated by the following influence factors: users, community, government and operators. It then evaluates the advanced transportation system by analyzing the weights. For an empirical analysis, the urban advanced transportation systems for the main transit of small and medium sized cities were evaluated using the AHP method. The result revealed that the weight order is safety, rapidity and punctuality, convenience, and regional activation, and the priority order is steel wheel-type AGT, LIM, and rubber wheel-type AGT.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

The state of registry issues a type certificate validation (TCV) based on the satisfactory evidence that the product (aircraft, engine, and propeller) is in compliance with the appropriate airworthiness requirements. The Korean government performs an evaluation to determine whether the product complies with Korean airworthiness standards for issuing TCV according to the Korean aviation safety law. Recently, the Validation Principles Working Group (VPWG) has developed a risk-based model for validation of civil aeronautical products. Also, VPWG proposed to incorporate this validation model into the corresponding ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices and guidance material. In this paper, we have reviewed the validation model and discussed improvements in the validation process.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.2 s.27
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• pp.113-125
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• 2005

Korea, China and Japan show distinct features in their school environmental education, which are derived from their own spreading processes. Japanese school environmental education has developed as a result of assimilating of anti-pollution education and nature education, and has a feature that makes much of nature experiences. The introduction of 'Period for Integrated Study' in 2002 seems to begin activating Japanese school environmental education. Chinese school environmental education started in higher education institutions around the middle of 1970's, and has a feature that makes a point of scientific approach, even in primary education schools. The two government ordinances,'National Action Program for Environmental General Knowledge ($1996{\sim}2010$)' and 'Educational Scheme of Environmental Theme Study for Elementary and Secondary School Students' issued in 2003, gradually promote school environmental education in China. It is remarkable that Science and Technology Centers for Youth and also increasing environmental NPOs often support environmental activities in elementary or secondary schools. The most notable feature of Korean school environmental education is that 'Environment' has already offered as a regular elective subject in junior high school, and official 'Environment' textbook has published since early 1990's. Though, the adoption rate of 'Environment' is not yet so high. Each country's peculiar issues are as follows. Japan: (1) Students often lack basic knowledge about environmental important problems. (2) 'Period for Integrated Study' is now threatened with cutting hours by the idea of increasing periods for basic subjects to keep high achievement. China: (1) There are large regional differences and school distinctions in operation of environmental education. (2) Adult environmental education needs to be expanded, because the most part of Chinese have no experience of school environmental education. Korea: (1) The relationship between the administrative division which plans school environmental education and teachers group is not quite well. The adoption rate of 'Environment' in junior high school needs to be improved. The training of many teachers for environmental education instructors may be the most important and effective cooperative action among Korea, China and Japan, and for that purpose we ought to work on making a better handbook for instructors, at first.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to analyze 157 processes of 145 industries that exceeded Korean Occupational Exposure Limits (KOEL) for carcinogen during the 11 year period from 1999 to 2009. The data included number of industry and workers exposed, type of carcinogen and their exceeded ratio, type and size of industry in each year. These data were collected by 46 regional employment & labor offices in Korea using work environment monitoring reports. The result showed that, in each year, about 10 industries exceed their carcinogen exposure limit. The most common carcinogen exceeding KOEL were found to be formaldehyde, benzene, ethylene oxide and chromium VI. The carcinogen with the highest level of over-exposure were in the order of formaldehyde, benzene, ethylene oxide and asbestos. Fabricated metal product manufacturing industry were found to be most vulnerable against carcinogen with 11.1% of them exceeding carcinogen KOEL followed by electronic components manufacturing industry (8.3%), chemical products manufacturing industry (6.3%), and electrical equipments manufacturing industry (4.9%). The industry employing less than 50 workers had the highest percentage of exceeding carcinogen KOEL with 52.8%. The result also showed that strengthening KOEL for benzene and asbestos helped reduce the level of carcinogen over-exposure. Based on these results, strengthening the KOEL or new regulation turned out to help reduce the carcinogen over-exposure level. Benzene, ethylene oxide and chromium VI were the most frequently over-exposed carcinogen with the highest level. Therefore, these chemicals need to be regulated with a highest priority to improve the workplace environment. The results also show that the small-sized industries employing less than 50 workers was the most vulnerable against carcinogen exposures. Therefore, more government support are needed for these small-sized industries to help them to improve their workplace environment.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.249-273
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• 2014

This study aims to find implications of Korean FTAs and to suggest policy recommendations to facilitate the utilization of FTAs based on the field survey of more than 1,000 trading firms According to the survey, most of the trading firms have utilized FTAs more than once and had agreed that the FTAs have contributed to expansion of their business and trade with partners. However, still a number of firms responded that they have never used FTAs. Even those who are utilizing FTAs expressed difficulties in conforming to the complex rules of origin verification processes and lack of practical information on how to use FTAs. Therefore, government policies need to be more focused on elevating FTA utilization rate and meeting the practical use of FTAs by trading firms. In addition, trading firms were found to express preference to potential FTA partners with large economies in the East Asia and were in the opinion that future FTA agreements should be approached in a way that can reflect the practical interest of the firms.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.41-56
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• 2006

Signal fire was a communication system which deliver urgent news by smoke and light. It informed the condition of the border to the central government and the military base rapidly. This research was to analyze the border signal-fire which is the main facility of military protective duty for safety of sea side in chosun dynasty. The results of this research were described separately as follows. 1. The border signal-fire has three types of facility layout, The majority was one-site, near two-site, separate type. The majority was near two-site type. 2. Plan configuration of signal-fire stand which is separated with circle, oval, round-rectangular and rectangular type roughly was constructed with circle type generally. Four types of signal-fire stand was observed in southern and western sea side impartially. However, in eastern side, circle type of signal-fire stand was mainly found. Therefore, regional characteristics could be considered partially. 3. The height of signal-fire stand was about 8~10m. The diameter of combustion chamber on the signal-fire stand was 2~3m in circle type, and the dimension of rectangular type was about $1.9{\times}1.9{\sim}3.2{\times}3.0m$. 4. Building base that protect ground moisture and infilteration of rainfall was found in 10 border singal-fire, the height of it was about 0.3m~2.5m.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-145
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• 2009

South Korea has investment agreements such as FTAs, BITs with several countries. Up to now, no single case has been registered against the Korean government on breach of investment agreements, but it is likely that the number of such cases would increase. Therefore, an investor-state dispute settlement system, an arbitral procedure by which a foreign investor may seek compensation of damage against the host country, is gaining its importance. The provision of the ISDS has been one of the hottest issues in Korea while the Kor-US FTA was being signed. In this respect, with the growing number of regional agreements such as BITs and FTAs, a careful scrutiny on the ISDS is necessary for Korea. I have therefore studied theoretically subjects including the National Treatment(NT), the Most-Favored Nation(MFN), Fair and Equitable Treatment and Expropriation - those that have been the objects of protection on investors. And I have analyzed ICSID arbitral awards and provided implications. In the ICSID arbitral awards, the Fair and Equitable Treatment turned out to be the most recognized violation on investors by the host State in terms of investor protection. On the other hand, Indirect Expropriation - a matter of which public anxiety was shown led by civic groups - was not generally recognized in arbitral awards. This study is written for sake of governments, local autonomous entities and public enterprises that are in charge of FTAs and BITs.