• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.387.4-388
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• 2001

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effect of bank loans on housing prices, classified bank loans into bank total loans, household loans, and real estate mortgage loans, and analyzed housing prices by dividing them into national-level, regional-level, and Seoul-level housing prices. The main analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that the increase in total bank loans significantly increased housing prices across the national-level, regional-level and Seoul-level. Second, it was found that household loans had a positive effect on regional-level housing prices, but were not statistically significant. In addition, the effect of bank loans on regional-level housing prices was found to be relatively small compared to the effect on national-level housing prices. Third, it was found that there was a difference in the effect of bank loans on regional-level housing prices and Seoul-level housing prices. Fourth, inflation and bank total loans had a significant positive effect on regional-level housing prices with a lag in the first quarter, and short-term interest rates had a significant negative effect on Seoul-level housing prices with a lag in the first quarter. Overall, it was found that the effect of bank loans on housing prices had a positive effect about twice that of Seoul-level rather than regional-level.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.281-303
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• 2007

This paper examines the mainbank relationships of SMEs after the 1997 financial crisis in Incheon-Kyunggi and Daejeon-Chungnam regions where local banks have been merged by national banks. The results are as follows. First, national banks(except Industrial Bank of Korea and Kookmin bank) are reluctant to be mainbanks of regional SMEs. Second, those firms which have mainbank relationships with national banks borrow from relatively large number of banks. Third, their size measured by employees are relatively large. These tendencies become clearer after the 1997 financial crisis. It is the Industrial Bank of Korea and Kookmin bank that play important roles as mainbanks of regional SMEs. National banks including the Industrial Bank of Korea and Kookmin bank cannot be relationship lenders to SMEs due to the Williamson-type organizational diseconomies. It means that to ease the regional financial problems regional financial institutions are expected to play more active roles.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.829-837
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• 2021

The study investigates the impact of the Counter-Cyclical Buffer Policy (CCB) on regional development bank profitability in Sumatra, Indonesia. CCB requires banks to hold capital at times when credit is growing rapidly so that the buffer can be reduced if the financial cycle turns down or the economic and financial environment becomes substantially worse. This study employs time series data of regional development banks (RDBs) in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The methodology applied in this study is a panel dynamic model with Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM). The results show that increasing capital through the implementation of CCB did not have a significant effect on RDBs' profitability. The findings of this study suggest that the activation and implementation of CCB lead to an increase in the amount and cost of loans to companies but do not affect the profitability of RDBs. The value of a Non-Performing Loan (NPL) proved to have a negative and significant effect on bank profitability. The CCB policy aims to overcome the pro-cyclicality of credit growth and improve bank resilience through increased capital which is expected to reduce excessive credit growth as a source of systemic risk. This causes a lack of lending to the community so that the profits obtained by the bank decrease.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.511-517
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• 2021

In this paper, we analyzed the impact of capital adequacy requirements on the profitability of Korean banks using DOLS model. As a result of the analysis, the impact of BIS capital ratios on commercial and regional banks was different. Demand for capital adequacy has a greater and more significant negative impact on regional banks than on commercial banks. It was shown that bank characteristic variables rather than macroeconomic variables have a more significant effect on bank profitability. In addition, a rise in the BIS capital ratio reduces the profitability of commercial and regional banks, and the higher the ratio of loan-loss provisions, the stronger the relationship. In the case of commercial banks, it is estimated that the demand for capital adequacy did not have a significant impact as they are relatively large and faithful in capital compared to regional banks. However, in the case of regional banks, safer assets need to be selected to meet the BIS capital ratio, and the increasing propotion of these safe assets seems to have a relatively greater negative impact on profitability. Consequency, the financial authorities should consider this results and implement the bank's capital regulation policy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the opportunities and challenges of sharia-based regional development bank spin-offs in supporting economic growth and income distribution through a board of commissioner's approach. Research design, data, and methodology: The research design is qualitative research with the main data collection technique through in-depth interviews. Results: The results of the study show that Bank Nagari can support the performance of the West Sumatra government, especially in regional finance. The positive influence is shown in the benefit aspect of 31% and the opportunity of 28% which is the priority value. The challenges that must be faced are technology services, improving the quality of human resources, socialization, and application of local wisdom which is by the philosophical values of the people of West Sumatra Adat Basandi Syara' Syara' Basandi Kitabullah. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the local government of West Sumatra has an essential contribution to the conversion of Bank Nagari to RDB Syariah as a whole. The expected implication is that the local government and shareholders cooperate well in supporting the transformation to realize West Sumatra Mandani through the populist economy of the people of West Sumatra.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2013

This study investigates regional financial markets and proposes some policy measures for boosting up the regional financial system. Financial supports for start-ups, small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) in early stage growth have been constrained due to expanded financial gaps among regions during financial restructuring period. The bank consolidation through M&A is associated with widening financial gaps between Seoul area and others, and between regions where regional banks survives or not. Loans to small firms are associated with relationship lending techniques that may be better supported by smaller regional banks. The loan rate to SMEs in locals where regional banks are activated has tended to be 10%point higher than the locals where regional banks closed, and also drive the greater contribution for preventing local capital outflow and promoting local capital investment by local penetrating strategy. Government should develop regional financial policies to boost up regional financial system, and expand the business area of regional financial institutions for supporting start-ups and SMEs.

• 사회경제평론
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.71-104
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal the significance of regional loan-to-deposit ratio and local banks through Post-Keynesian endogenous monetary theory. According to endogenous monetary theory, banks, rather than financial intermediaries, are credit creation agencies that create deposit money through loans. On the other hand, according to the existing view which interprets bank as a financial intermediary, it is seen that the higher the loan-to-deposit ratio of the deposit bank in a region, the more active the lending activity based on the deposit inflow. However, according to the endogenous monetary theory, the loan-to-deposit rate is reinterpreted as an indicator of regional balance. Especially, relatively high lending-to-deposit rate of a region is interpreted as follows: money circulation in the region is shrinking due to the outflow of deposits created through loans in the region. In addition, when considering the local based financial practices of local banks, their ability to create credit, and their impact on the real economy, it is necessary to positively review the local bank restructuring policy from the perspective of balanced regional development.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.385-415
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• 2013

Inter-regional free trade agreements (FTAs) - notably between Asia and Latin America - are growing in numbers and complexity. There is an absence of an agreed methodology for empirical assessments on the content of FTAs and little research. This paper proposes a framework to assess liberalization in FTAs in goods and services and new trade policy issues relating to regulatory barriers. Next, it applies this framework to studying the 22 Asia-Latin America FTAs in existence. The findings suggest that Asia-Latin American FTAs have laid the foundations for inter-regional integration by liberalizing the trade in goods and services and reducing some regulatory barriers. Deepening FTAs and adopting structural reforms will enhance Asia-Latin American integration in the future.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.303-308
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• 2001

This paper presents algorithm to plan construction and expanding of substation considering contingency accidents by proposing utilization factor according to configuration of substation bank system. In this paper, firstly, proper sphere of supply area by each district which could be standardized with respect to its supply capacity is established under assumption of long term load forecasting. Secondly, goal of utilization ratio based on configuration of substation bank was set to keep reliability by remaining sound bank when it happen to one bank accidents. Finally, it is set up for optimal construction and expanding of substation considering economy and reliability simultaneously about substation to exceed these ratio. To verify proposed algorithm, at first, after adopting a part of Kangnam area in Seoul as area for testing, it is divided into several regions for this area according to power branches of power utility. Secondly, by deriving correlation factor between load demand and economic indicators in these region respectively, the regional load forecasting was performed with economic growth and city plan scenario. Finally, based on the predicted load demand by region and land use data which is identified from air-photographic, the load demand by district was predicted. Also, planning for substation considering contingency is formulated to expand taking into account computing utilization factor which is based on configuration of substation bank respectively.