• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.167-183
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• 2013

This paper aimed to investigate the Asian dust source region and climatic condition of source region by the case of Asian dust in south Korea. In order to analyze the weather condition of source region, observed the Asian dust days data and weather data in China were used. The Asian dust days originating from inner-Mongolia were the most frequent. The Asian dust days originating from all the source regions except Loess plateau were increased recently and occurred over the country. In case of Loess plateau, the frequency of the Asian dust days in 1960s was the highest and only the southern region of the south Korea was mostly affected. The relationship between the Asian dust days of Korea and climatic factors of spring and April of source region was significant. The relationship between the Asian dust days originating from the inner Mongolia and sea level pressure of April and relative humidity of spring was negative. The Asian dust days from Gobi had positive relationship with wind gust days and negative relationship with sea level pressure in April. The Asian dust days from Manchuria had negative relationship with precipitation and sea level pressure in April. The Asian dust days from Loess plateau had positive relationship with maximum wind speed and negative relationship with sea level pressure in April.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.182-193
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• 2017

A typical snowfall pattern occurs over the east coastal region of the Korean Peninsula, known as the Yeongdong region. The precipitation over the Yeongdong region is influenced by the cold and dry northeasterly wind which advects over warm and moist sea surface of the East Sea of Korea. This study reveals the influence of large-scale factors, affecting local to remote areas, on the mesoscale snowfall system over the Yeongdong region. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy reanalysis dataset, Extended Reconstructed sea surface temperature, and observed snowfall data are analyzed to reveal the relationship between February snowfall and large-scale factors from 1981 to 2014. The Yeongdong snowfall is associated with the sea level pressure patterns over the Gaema Plateau and North Pacific near the Bering Sea, which is remotely associated to the sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Pacific. It is presented that the relationship between the Yeongdong snowfall and large-scale factors is strengthened after 1999 when the central north Pacific has warm anomalous SST. These enhanced relationships explain the atmospheric patterns of recent strong snowfall years (2010, 2011, and 2014). It is suggested that the newly defined index in this study based on related SST variability can be used for a seasonal predictor of the Yeongdong snowfall with 2-month leading.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2001

This study analyzed the relationship between the physical properties of soil and the compression index of the soft clay in Gyungnam coastal region. Tests of physical and mechanical properties of soil have been carried out under the undisturbed condition at 82 Gimhae, 18 Jinhae and 27 Geojespecimens. The result showed that Terzaghi & Peck's empirical equation of the compression index were not applicable. The compression index of soft clay in Gyungnam coastal region was correlated with the water contents, the liquid limit and the initial void ratio. Among these, the initial void ratio showed the highest correlation with the compression index of soft clay in Gyungnam coastal region and the relationship is shown in the following. (1) The compression index of soft clay in Gyungnam coastal region is represented as follows: $C_c=0.74(e_o-0.7$ (2) The relationship between compression index and the swelling index in Gyungnam coastal region is represented as follows: $C_s=(1/8-1/15)C_c$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2021

A fixed Z-R relationship approach, such as the Marshall-Palmer relationship, for an entire year and for different seasons can be problematic in cases where the relationship varies spatially and temporally throughout a region. From this perspective, this study explores the use of long-term radar reflectivity for South Korea to obtain a nationwide calibrated Z-R relationship and the associated uncertainties within a Bayesian regression framework. This study also investigates seasonal differences in the Z-R relationship and their roles in reducing systematic error. Distinct differences in the Z-R parameters in space are identified, and more importantly, an inverse relationship between the parameters is clearly identified with distinct regimes based on the seasons. A spatially structured pattern in the parameters exists, particularly parameter α for the wet season and parameter β for the dry season. A pronounced region of high values during the wet and dry seasons may be partially associated with storm movements in that season. Finally, the radar rainfall estimates through the calibrated Z-R relationship are compared with the existing Z-R relationships for estimating stratiform rainfall and convective rainfall. Overall, the radar rainfall fields based on the proposed modeling procedure are similar to the observed rainfall fields, whereas the radar rainfall fields obtained from the existing Marshall-Palmer Z-R relationship show a systematic underestimation. The obtained Z-R relationships are validated by testing the predictions on unseen radar-gauge pairs in the year 2018, in the context of cross-validation. The cross-validation results are largely similar to those in the calibration process, suggesting that the derived Z-R relationships fit the radar-gauge pairs reasonably well.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.380.3-380
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• 2001

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2008

We collected information on seasonal and interannual variability of surface chlorophyll a concentration between 1997-2007 from the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Satellite data were used to acquire chlorophyll a and sea surface temperature from six regions: East Sea/Ulleung Basin, East China Sea, Philippin Sea, Warm Pool region, Warm Pool North region, and Warm Pool East region. Mixed layer depth (MLD) was calculated from temperature profiles of ARGO floats data in four of the six regions during 2002-2007. In the East Sea/Ulleung Basin, seasonal variability of chlorophyll a concentration was attributed to seasonal change of MLD, while there was no significant relationship between chlorophyll a concentration and MLD in the Warm Pool region. Interannual anomaly in sea surface temperature were similar among the East Sea, East China Sea, Philippin Sea, and Warm Pool North region. The anomaly pattern was reversed in the Warm Pool East region. However, the anomaly pattern in the Warm Pool region was intermediate of the two patterns. In relation to chlorophyll a, there was a reversed interannual anomaly pattern between Warm Pool North and Warm Pool East, while the anomaly pattern in the Warm Pool region was similar to that of Warm Pool North except for the El $Ni\tilde{n}o$ years (1997/1998, 2002/2003, 2006/2007). However, there was no distinct relationship among other seas. Interestingly, in the Warm Pool and Warm Pool East regions, sea surface temperature showed a pronounced inverse pattern with chlorophyll a. This indicates a strong interrelationship among sea surface temperature-MLD-chlorophyll a in the regions. In the Warm Pool and Warm Pool East, zonal distribution of chlorophyll a concentration within the past 10 years has shown a good relationship with sea surface temperature which reflects ENSO variability.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of PAHs in atmosphere and soil, and their relationship, accumulation tendency in soil, and its contain burden ratio (%) the PM$_{10}$ and soil were sampled adjacent to a roadside and analysed by HPLC from August 25th 1996 to September 22nd 1996 in Seoul and Kunggido area. The main results are summarized below 1. The concentration of PM$_{10}$ in the ambient air was showed in order of industrial region ($142.70\pm 21.77 \mu g/m^3$), commercial region ($136.51\pm 31.62 \mu g/m^3$), residential region ($110.12\pm 14.98 \mu g/m^3$), greenbelt region ($77.44\pm 12.12 \mu g/m^3$), respectively. 2. Distribution of PAHs concentration level in PM$_{10}$ and soil was showed in order of industrial region, commercial region, residential region, greenbelt region, respectively in all components. 3. The contain burden ratio (%) in PM$_{10}$ was attested that BbF was the highest contain burden component (21.7-32%) and An was the lowest contain burden component (0.35-1.95%) in all region. 4. The contain burden ratio (%) in soil was attested that Pb (20.5%) was the highest and An (0.8%) was the lowest contain burden component in industrial region and BbF (21.9%) and An (0.45%) were the same tendency in commercial region and Py (21.6%) and BkF (3.5%) were in residential region, Py (29%) and An (2.6%) were in greenbelt region. 5. The relationship between concentration of PAHs in PM$_{10}$ and soil was attested that the component of BbF (r=0.514) was very highly correlated, and there were significant in Fl and BaA in soil between industrial region and commercial region (P<0.05).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2003

This study was to investigate the relationship of headache and back shape using the Moire interferometer and Questionnaire investigations. In this study the subjects consisted of 317 pupils[168 boys(53%), 149girls(47%)] attending S high school in Sungnamsi, Kyoungkido in 2002, and their ages ranged from sixteen to eighteen. The results are following. 1. In questionnaire investigation, we observed that the ratio of headache was more than 70% and the ratio of girls are more than that of boys. The inclination for ages was not shown. 2. In moire topography, the remainder values of scapular region were from 0.5 cm to 1.1 cm in boys, and from 0.45 cm to 1 cm in girls. The remainder values of gluteal region were from 0.2 cm to 0.8 cm in boys, and from 0.4 cm to 0.6 cm in girls. The reminder values of the vertical lines of cervical and buttock region were from 0.71 cm to 1.51 cm in boys, and from 0.96 cm to 1.43 cm in girls. More frequent findings of reminder value of the vertical lines of cervical and buttock region were observed that the vertical lines of cervical region were inclined to left than the vertical lines of buttock 3. Through the Pearson's Correlation analysis of headache and Moire topography, we found the close relationship of headache and the remainder values of scapular region(Pearson correlation coefficient : 0.116, P<0.05) and gluteal region(Pearson correlation coefficient : 0.153, P<0.01). But the relevances to headache and the remainder values of neck lines, sacral lines and neck-sacral lines were not found.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2001

The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and the 5.85 rRNA gene, have been determined for 13 strains of dinoflagellates in order to analyze the phylo-genetic relationship. The DNA sequences contained considerable variation in the ITS regions, but little in the 5.85 rDNA. In addition, the ITS1 was more variable than the ITS2 in all species examined. The nucleotide length of this region varied from 519 bp to 596 bp depending on the taxa. The investigated taxa were divided into three large groups based on the ITS length, i. e., a group with short ITS region (A. fraterculus and Alexandrium sp.), a with ITS region group (P. micans, P. minimum and P. triestinum) and a with ITS region group (G. impudicum, C. polykrikoides, G. sanguineum, G. catenatum and H. triquetra). The relationship between nucleotide length of ITS1 and that of ITS2 was negative, whereas G+C content and nucleotide length showed positive correlation. In phylogenetic analyses producing NJ trees, the topology was similar cluster and clearly divided the taxa into three groups based on 5.8S rDNA that were similar to those based on morphological characteristics. In particular, G. impudicum was more closely related to G. catenatum than to C. polykrikoides using phylogenetic analysis. From this study, we chew that the length of ITS region contributes to discriminate Korean harmful algal species and ITS analysis is a useful method for resolving the systematic relationships of dinoflagellates.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.170-175
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• 2003

The ASCE formula of pipeline' soil interaction force is the basis of semi-analytical relationship for buried pipelines subjected to longitudinal permanent ground deformation due to seismic induced liquefaction. However, since the ASCE formula has been developed based on the stiffness of non-liquefied region, it is needed to modify for the varied stiffness of liquefied region. With this object, the consideration of decreasing effect of soil stiffness in liquefied region is made: i.e. the spatial distributions of pipeline. soil interaction force in liquefied region. It means that the improved formula can reflect various patterns of permanent ground deformation more realistically. Through the comparative analyses using both the improved and ASCE formula, the applicability of the improved, the limitation of the existing formula and semi-analytical relationship are discussed.