• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1104-1110
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• 1999

We condicted two experiments to evaluate the interaction among fumaric acid (FA), protected acids (PA), or no additional acid (NO) and two different levels of acid buffering capacity (BC) in diets for 14-d-old weaned pigs. BC was varied substituting mono-calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate for dicalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. In the high BC diet plus PA, FA was also added. In Exp. 1, 48 gilts were raised for 31 days on the six diets, evaluating growth performance and fecal digestibility. In Exp. 2, 42 gilts were raised. With each diet three subjects were sacrificed after 19 days and four after 38 days. In addition, six subjects were sacrificed at weaning. Growth and carcass performance, ileal digestibility, bacterial populations and pH in the gut were assessed. The piglet performance and stomach, ileal and cecal pH, and empty body composition were not affected by the diets. Empty body composition other than ash content was affected by piglet age (p<0.01). The BC did not influence digestibility. The dietary inclusion of PA improved fecal digestibility of protein (p<0.05) compared to the addition of FA and NO. Ileal digestibility slightly increased with both acid additions (p<0.10), the groups receiving PA showing the higher values. Piglets fed diets with low BC had lower Lactobacillus and E. coli counts in the ileum (p=0.07) and higher Lactobacillus in the colon (p=0.08). Acidified diets tended to reduce E. coli counts in the ileum (p=0.10) and increased Lactobacillus in the colon (p=0.09). The addition in the diet of PA increased Lactobacillus in the ileum compared to the sole addition of free fumaric acid (p=0.07). The addition of protected acids, combined with free fumaric acid in the case of high BC diets, increased protein digestibility and Lactobacillus counts and reduced E.coli counts. Only some changes in the concentration of bacterial population can be expected with a diet of low BC.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2021

본 연구는 2019 개정 누리과정에서의 교사의 역할을 탐색하고, 적합한 유아교사의 역할을 제시하고, 발현적 교육과정으로써 발전할 수 있는 가능성을 탐구하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 3~5세 연령별 누리과정에 비해 2019 개정 누리과정의 교사의 역할은 지원자임을 명확히 하고 있었다. 2019 개정 누리과정에서의 교사의 역할 탐구를 통한 발현적 교육과정 가능성을 살펴보았을 때 교사가 유아의 근접발달지대를 적극 활용하여 구성주의적 실천을 할 필요성이 나타났다. 발현적 교육과정을 바탕으로 2019 개정 누리과정에서 실천할 수 있는 교사의 역할은 비계설정을 활용하는 연구자 교사, 교육과정 운영에서 융통성 있는 교사, 자율성을 갖고 유아에 대한 믿음을 가진 교사로 나타났다. 본 논문의 결론으로 첫째, 교사는 개별 유아, 다수의 유아에게 최적의 놀이자료를 제공할 수 있는 전문가가 되어야 한다. 둘째, 교사는 적합한 비계설정을 할 수 있도록 관찰과 기록을 성실히 수행하여야 한다. 셋째, 교사는 유아의 흥미를 지속시킬 수 있도록 끊임없이 발달에 적합한 발문을 수행하여야 한다. 넷째, 교사는 발현적 교육과정에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 2019 개정 누리과정을 운영하여야 한다.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.100.1-100.13
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• 2018

Objective: To investigate survival outcomes in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) patients with single vs. multiple positive pelvic lymph nodes. Methods: We performed a retrospective evaluation of all consecutive patients with histologically proven International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC1 EEC who underwent primary surgical treatment between 2004 and 2014 at seven Italian gynecologic oncology referral centers. Patients with pre- or intra-operative evidence of extra-uterine disease (including the presence of bulky nodes) and patients with stage IIIC2 disease were excluded, in order to obtain a homogeneous population. Results: Overall 140 patients met the inclusion criteria. The presence of >1 metastatic pelvic node was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence and mortality, compared to only 1 metastatic node, at both univariate (recurrence: hazard ratio [HR]=2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2-3.99; p=0.01; mortality: HR=2.8; 95% CI=1.24-6.29; p=0.01) and multivariable analysis (recurrence: HR=1.91; 95% CI=1.02-3.56; p=0.04; mortality: HR=2.62; 95% CI=1.13-6.05; p=0.02) and it was the only independent predictor of prognosis in this subset of patients. Disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were significantly longer in patients with only 1 metastatic node compared to those with more than 1 metastatic node (p=0.008 and 0.009, respectively). Conclusion: The presence of multiple metastatic nodes in stage IIIC1 EEC represents an independent predictor of worse survival, compared to only one positive node. Our data suggest that EEC patients may be categorized according to the number of positive nodes.