• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.193-209
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• 2001

The result of this study suggests that students' perception of service value is related to functional value with regard to need and satisfaction, epistemic value, image, emotional value, functional value with regard to price and quality, and social value. Specifically female students give less importance to epistemic value than their male counterparts. Students in the 2nd grade gave less favorable scores to the functional value with regard to need and satisfaction, epistemic value, image, emotional value and functional value with regard to price and quality than students in the 1st grade. Students in the night class gave less scores to epistemic value and functional value with regard to price and quality than students in the day class. It is confirmed that the difference between groups by the period in school is in functional value with regard to need and satisfaction, image, emotional value, and functional value with regard to price and quality. And it is also revealed that these results are similar to the results of analysis by the grade. In conclusion college operators should not overemphasize that the department of Hotel culinary arts occupies the leading position of the culinary academic world in Korea and the firms of food service industry positively evaluate the department of Hotel culinary arts, and in order to cope with the rapidly changing environment of the culinary education consistent investment constant changes and of efforts should not be stopped. On one hand the teaching staff of the department of Hotel culinary arts should reconsider their original role, and need behavior and practice to fill their deficiency with steady efforts in terms of students' perceived service value. In addition the students of the department of Hotel culinary arts should not be shackled by the past tradition, should not take a pessimistic view of the present situation, should not take an optimistic view of the future, and should always cultivate their ability to provide for the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.409-422
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• 2014

This paper examined the influence of employees' social regard toward the customers, such as, overall service quality, service satisfaction, and service loyalty. The paper proves that the high contact beauty services and the low contact fast-food services have different customer satisfaction level depending on the employees' social regards. A survey study was conducted to collect the data with the actual service purchasers at domestic beauty services and fast-food services. Analysis of structural equation modeling with Amos 18.0 was performed to test the research hypothesis. The results of the study are as follows: First, social regard has positive influences on service quality, service satisfaction, and service loyalty. Second, Social regard has more effect on service satisfaction in a high contact beauty services than in a low contact fast-food services. This paper contribute to identify the effects of employees' social regard on service satisfaction, by comparing the effects on service satisfaction between high and low contact services.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2004

Purpose: Nursing puts much weight en the organization of hospital. Therefore it is necessity to improve nursing care. One of the most important things is to secure confident nurses and to develop nurse' potentiality. It directs nurse evaluation system. The concept of "performance appraisal tools" is extremely important in evaluation system. Therefore, the purpose of this study aims to define performance appraisal process. Method: In order to do this, two main study has been observed interviewing appraisers and employees in-depth and analyzing performance appraisal tools of seven hospitals and analysed validity, reliability, acceptability and practicability. Result: The result of this study can be summarized as follows; Firstly, the result of analysis of performance appraisal tools. Regard to validity, Hospitals had a typical goal, but had not put to practice use. Regard to reliability, 1) Appraisal rule had been focused on appraiser's error, how to avoid. 2) 5 hospitals accessed nurses with relative rating and 2 hospitals with absolute rating both in practice. 3) 3 hospitals informed nurses the result of performance appraisal but 4 hospitals did not. 4) All hospitals in this study had conducted superiors rating. Regard to acceptability, 1)Rating scale method had been implemented by 6 hospitals and among those conducted beth ranking method and descriptive method. 2) Most hospitals had focused on personal traits in performance appraisal factors. Regard to practicality, The term of appraisal took $10{\sim}14$ days; performance appraisal happened 1 or 2 times per year; appraisal factors were based on 10 different items. Secondly, the result of in-depth interview with head nurses and staff nurses Regard to validity, head nurses and nurses wared that the goal of performance appraisal is to develop nurse's ability. Regard to reliability, head nurses pointed out that they were doubt of the justice of performance appraisal and they should have got training. Nurses insisted that raters should have been trained due to lack of qualification of appraiser; Head nurses and nurse proposed to convert form relative rating to absolute rating; to inform the result of appraisal; to implement peers rating. Regard to acceptability, One of the critical problems of performance appraisal tools was abstract of appraisal factors ; Lack of job analysis. Regard to practicality, Head nurses used to take overtime for appraisal. There was only a little respond despite of their efforts. Nurses questioned that appraisal tools exist for only appraisal; there was less cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: Based en these findings, it could be suggested to improve the performance appraisal tools for nurses evaluation. Firstly, it is necessary to describe goal of performance appraisal clearly set up, so that nurses could improve their positive word performance and develop their potentiality. Secondly, it is necessary to obtain various training on raters, implement absolute rating and inform the result of appraisal to nurses and use peers rating. Thirdly, it is necessary to convert from rating scale method to management by objectives or behaviorally anchored rating scale and take measurable appraisal factors based en job analysis. Finally, it is necessary to reduce the appraisal cost but increase effectiveness of performance appraisal.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2000

Clinical observation was made on 44 cases of stable thoracolumbar compression fracture that were confirmed through simple x-ray and neurological examination. They were hospitalized and treated by acupuncture and moxibustion, bed rest, herb medicine and physical therapy. If necessary, patient was given an enema. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The patient distribution ratio, in regard to sex, was shown to be 1: 13.7 for males to females. In regard to age, it was shown that people in their 60's was the most predominant case, followed by people in their 70's, 80's, 50's and 40's, respectively. 2. In regard to contributing factors, it was observed that accidental falls were most frequent, followed by reasons unknown, repetitive lifting of heavy objects, overlaboring and bruise in that order. 3. In regard to duration of illness before treatment, it was found that treatment within 1 week was most predominant, followed by over 4 weeks, and 1-2 weeks, respectively. 4. With regard to the duration of hospitalization, hospitalization within 2 weeks was found to be most predominant, followed by 2-4 weeks. 5. In regard to the level of the affected vertebral body; The affected vertebral bodies distributed between T3 to L5 except for T7; T12 was found to be most predominant, followed in turn by L1 and L5. 6. In regard to the number of affected vertebral bodies, 2 was the most frequent followed by 1 and 3, in that order. The average of the number of affected vertebral bodies was observed to be 2.8 and single vertebral body compression fracture was shown to have no clinical and statistical difference as compared with multiple vertebral body compression fractures. 7. In regard to the grade of the seriousness of symptoms, it was found that Grade IV was most predominant, followed by Grade III. 8. With regard to signs at the first medical examination, low back pain was seen in the highest number, and followed in order by gait disturbance, flank pain, flexion-extension disturbance, disturbance of rotation to right or left, and bowel dysfunction. 9. Concerning the effect of treatment, good results were most predominantly seen, and 95.5% of total patients showed fair results. 10. The duration of admission treatment due to the grade of clinical symptoms was as follows; In the case of the Grade IV, it was observed that within 2 weeks was most predominant and for Grade III was 2-4 weeks. It was also found that the grade of clinical symptoms was not in proportion to the duration of admission treatment. 11. In regard to the result of treatment due to the grade of clinical symptoms; It was found that in the case of Grade IV, within 2 weeks was most predominant, and for Grade III, it was found to be 2-4 weeks. 12. Intestinal obstruction was shown in 50% of total patients; In the case of duration of constipation, more than 1 week was found to be most predominant, followed by 2 and 4 days respectively. 13. With regard to the treatment of intestinal obstruction, using acupuncture and moxibustion, herb - medicine and enema together were found to be most effective. 14. Intestinal obstruction was mostly seen in the case of Grade IV.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-109
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• 2009

Such factors as the increase of population and me development of information technology were raised the needs of citizens in Korea. To meet these needs for the better services, Korean government has built up the computer networks that connect forty-two administrative operations of the central government since 1984. Through the computerization of administrative services, Korean government has been pursuing the balanced development among the regions in the country. To this end, regional informationization has been implemented since the mid 1980s. Specifically, rural villages has become information network villages (invils) by adopting computers and networks. Consequently, three hundred thirty-seven invils were implemented in the country. By selecting forty-six invils in Kyeongbuk province in Korea, this research was intended to find efficient and effective ways of operating invils. To find the problems and opportunities of the invils, the researcher has visited each of the forty-six invils between January 12th. and February 12th. in 2009. Two-round surveys were distributed to the managers of these forty-six invils. This research identified ten problems as below. a. Problems after the implementation of invils b. Problems occurred at the same rime as the operation of invils c. Problems with regard to the invil managers d. Problems with regard to the criteria of success or failure e. Problems with regard to the cooperation of administrative offices f. Problems with regard to the boosting of invil experience g. Problems with regard to software assurance developed in invils h. Problems with regard to incentives to invlis i. Problems with regard to the role of invils To solve these problems in hands of invils, this research suggested policy ideas in two levels: 1. invils 2. government Policies should be implemented by invils: a. The strengthening of training rural people for the better utilization of computers b. The strengthening of the regulations on membership management and electronic commerce c. The establishment of the invil managers' job tenure d. The reformation of measuring the success or failure of an invil e. The integration of administrative offices centralized by invils f. The establishment of trust between administrative offices and invils g. the integration of experience villages and invil managing offices h. The revitalization of incentives to invils and experience villages i. The enforcement of cooperative offices among invils Policies to be implemented by the government: a. The revitalization of electronic commerce through invils b. The rationalization of selecting invils in an area c. The unification of various offices for rural informationization d. The construction of portal sites for rural areas e. The continuous training of IT leaders in rural areas f. The provision of pays to invil managers based on break-even points g. The transcendentalization toward the second new town movement

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.401-416
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• 2020

Service providers have introduced interactive devices such as self-service kiosks to provide convenient and efficient services to consumers. Self-service kiosks are one of the most diverse technological forms of self-service technologies that provide control and freedom to consumers as well as reduce the frustration of line-ups. This study explores the predictors of consumer resistance and continued use intention with regard to self-service kiosks. It adopts three constructs on the following variables: perceived innovation characteristics, consumer characteristics, and gamification. An online self-administered survey was conducted, and 343 users of self-service kiosk services, aged between 20 and 59, were included in the analysis. The study used the SPSS 23.0 program to perform a descriptive analysis along with, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. First, convenience, controllability, and gamification negatively influenced consumer resistance to self-service kiosks. Second, human alienation and sociability positively influenced consumer resistance to self-service kiosks. Third, convenience and gamification positively influenced the continued use intention with regard to self-service kiosks. Last, the risk of functionality, human alienation, and sociability negatively influenced continued use intention with regard to self-service kiosks. The results contribute to the literature because few studies have examined what drives the resistance of users and continued use intention with regard to self-service kiosks. It also provides service providers and practitioners with insights and strategies on how to overcome consumer resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.171-204
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to examine changes in research on library marketing promotion from its introduction to the present using domestic journals carrying research papers on library marketing, to forecast research trends in the future, and to provide basic information for supporting future studies on subjects related to library marketing. There were a total of 3,951 papers published through the journals in the area of library and information science including 'The Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science', 'The Journal of the Korea Biblia Society for Library and Information Science', 'The Journal of the Korean Library and Information Science Society', and 'The Journal of the Korean Society for Information Management' from their first issues to the present. These papers were searched using selected keywords, and after redundant papers and those not related to library marketing were excluded, 359 papers were sampled for this study and analyzed from different aspects. Findings derived from this study, with regard to trends in research paper publishing by year, with regard to trends in research paper publishing by institution, with regard to trends in research paper publishing by author, with regard to trends in research paper publishing by area, and with regard to trends in research paper publishing by library type.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2000

The following results have been obtaind after examing 72patients with facial paralysis who were hospitalzed and treated through the time period of December 1st, 1996 to November 30th, 1999 at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Seoul Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University. During the examination, those 72 patients were divided into two groups, and One group was treated by oriental-western treatment, the other group was treated by oriental treatment. Oriental treatments were acupuncture and moxibustion, herb medicine, physical treatment and hygienic treatment. The one of main western treatments is steroid therapy. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In regard to signs at the first medical examination, lacrimation was showed highest number and facial paralysis, dysgeusia, hyperacusis were showed in numerical order. 2. In regard to prescription of oriental herb medicine, Kamissangbotang(加味雙補湯) was prescribed in greatest numbers and Boyangwhanotang(補陽還五湯), Kamiboiktang(加味補益湯), Ligigepungtang(理氣祛風湯) were prescribed in numerical order. 3. In regard to treatment number, 10~19 times for treatment was showed highest number and 1~9 times, 20~29 times, 40~49 times were showed in numerical order . 4. In regard to mean treatment times about injury region and main sign, the effect of oriental-western treatment was showed as follows: lacrimal gland disorder, hyperacusis, dysgeusia, facial paralysis were treated for 15.1, 27, 13.2 and 21.4 times, repectively. The effect of oriental treatment was showed as follows: lacrimal gland disorder, hyperacusis, dysgeusia, facial paralysis were treated for 34.8, 22.1, 33.8 and 16.3 times, respectively. 5. In regard ta the effect of treatment about injury region and main sign, oriental-western treatment was showed as follows: cases of lacrimal gland disorder were showed 1 of excellent case, 1 of fair case, 5 of good cases. In hyperacusis patients, there was showed 1 of fair case. In dysgeusia patients, there was showed 1 of excellent case, 3 of fair cases, 1 of good case. In facial paralysis, there were showed 5 of fair cases. Oriental treatment was showed as follows: In lacrimal gland disorder, the excellent were 4 cases, the fair were 10 cases, the good were 3 cases and the poor were 4 cases, In hyperacusis, the fair were 5 cases, the poor 2 cases. In dysgeusia, the excellent were 4 cases, the fair were 1 case, the good were 1 case and the poor was 1 case, In facial paralysis, the excellent were 9 cases, the fair were 4 cases, the good 3 cases and the poor were 3 cases. 6. The effect of total treatment was as follows: 30 cases were showed fair effect, 19 cases were showed excellent effect, 13 cases were showed good effect and 10 cases were showed poor effect. 7. In regard to attack factor, overlabour was showed highest number and wind-cold, mental stress, trauma, ear disease, common cold, dental diseae, reason unknwon were showed in numerical order. 8. In regard to premonitory symptoms, non significant symptoms were in 38 cases, the pain of peri-stylomastoid region were in 38 cases and headache, dysaesthesia of periorbit, dysgeusia, stomatitis, eyelid tic were showed in numerical order. 9. In regard to sex, male were 33 cases and female were 39 cases. The distribution of age was disclosed that thirty, forty, fifty, seventy, sixty, twenty and below twenty years were revealed in turn. Sex and paralytic side were showed as follows: male-left were 15 cases, male-right were 18 cases, female-left were 19 cases and female-right were 19 cases. In regard to attack frequence in month, March was showed highest number and January, April, May, August, October, etc were showed in numerical order. In regard to attack frequence in season, spring was showed highest number and winter, summer, fall were showed in numerical order, but attack frequence between four seasons wasn't showed significant difference.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1987

This experiment was undertaken for the purpose of investigation of relative durability about thirty sorts of the korean native wood and nine sorts of the wood destroying fungi Polystictus versicolor, Irpex consors. Poria vaporaria, Merulius lacrymans, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes pini, Lenzites betulina, Paxillus panuoides by means of a laboratory methods. The results obtained are; (from the table 2 to 10) 1. By measuring the percentage of loss in weight with regard to Polystictus versicolor, the sap wood contained in Junipeus chinesis was calculated at 18.2%, therefore it is much higher durability than any others and the sap wood contained in Pinus densiflora was measured at 44.10%, therefore it is much lower durability than any others. 2. By measuring the percentage of loss in weight with regard to Irpex consors, the heart wood contained in Butula schmidtii was calculated at 1.23%, therefore durability is very high and the heart wood contained in Quercus dentata was calculated at 26.79%, therefore durability is very low. 3. By measuring the percentage of lass in weight with regard to Lenzites betulina, the heart wood contained in Betula schmidtii was calculated at 5.33%, therefore it is much higher durability than any others and the sap wood with regard to Abies holophylla was measured at 45.48%, therefore durability is very low. 4. By measuring the percentage of loss in weight with regard to Poria vaporaria, the sap wood contained in Fraxinus rhynchophylla was calculated at 5.57%, therefore durability is very high and the sap wood contained in Paulownia coreana was calculated at 35.6%, therefore it is much lower durability than any others. 5. By measuring the percentage of loss in weight with regard to Merulius lacrymans, the heart wood contained in Castanea crenata was measured at 0.09% and in the next place, the heart wood contained in Abies holophylla calculated at 0.15% did not decay almost and the sap wood contained in Cornus controversa was measured at 32.88%, therefore it is lower durability than any others. 6. By measuring the percentage of loss in weight with regard to Schizophyllum commune, the sap wood cantained in Junipensis chinensis was calculated at 1.09%, therefore durability is very high and the sap wood contained in Populus deltoides was calculated at 36.87%, it is much lower durability than any others. 7. By measuring the percentage of loss ill weight with regard to Trametes pini, the sap wood contained in Robinia pseudo-acacia was calculated at 1.33%, therefore durability is very high and the sap wood contained in Comus controversa was calculated at 33.19%, it is much lower durability than any others. 8. By measuring the percentage of loss ill weight with regard to Paxillus panuoides. the heart wood contained in Zelkova serrata was calculated at 1.73%, therefore durability is very high and the sap wood contained in Populus deltoides was calculated at 42.30%, therefore durability in very low. 9. By measuring the percentage of loss in weight with regard to Dardalea quercina, the heart wood contained in Castanea crenata was calculated at 0.92%, therefore durability is very high and the sap wood contained in Cornus controversa was calculated at 32.00% therefore durability is very low. The above results are summarized as follows 1. Durability between the heart wood and the soft wood find that it is nonsignificant, while durability is higher heart wood than sap wood. 2. Special sorts including in the element like Castanea cenata, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Juniperus chinensis and heart wood like Betula schmiditii and Styrax obasia are highly durable and soft wood like Cornus controversa, Populus davidiana, Salix koreensis, Celtis jessensis are lowly durable in general. 3. Among the wood destroying fungi Paxillus panuoides is highly durable and as follows. Poria vaporaria, Lenzites betulina and the Daedalea quercina is less in general and Irpex consors, Mersulius lacrymans are a middle degree.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

According to careful study on the COLREGS, 1972, we can easily find out a main point that is to eliminate risk of collision at sea through exercising due regard to all danger of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances including the limitation of the vessels involved, or precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen. This paper, therefore, aims to clarify legal concept concerning the risk of collision so as to easier assimilate and understand by all mariner before being presented with a situation of danger in realty. After such a forethought and understanding the mariner will be in a position timely to implement the due regard or precaution to avoid collision by himself. For the purpose of good guidance, comprehensive legal practices of collision avoidance are adequately summarized by foreign and domestic cases.