• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2013

Global warming and climate change have influence on abnormal weather pattern and the rainstorm has a localized and intensive tendency in Korea. IPCC(2007) also reported the rainstorm and typhoon will be more and more stronger due to temperature increase during the 21st century. Flood Estimation Handbook(Institute of Hydrology, 1999) published in United Kingdom, in the case that the data period is shorter than return period, recommends the regional frequency analysis rather than point frequency analysis. This study uses Regional Climate Model(RCM) of Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) for obtaining the rainfall and for performing the regional frequency analysis. We used the rainfall data from 58 stations managed by KMA and used L-moment algorithm suggested by Hosking and wallis(1993) for the regional frequency analysis considering the climate change. As the results, in most stations, the rainfall amounts in frequencies have an increasing tendency except for some stations. According to the A1B scenario, design rainfall is increased by 7~10% compared with the reference period(1970-2010).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.6
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• pp.725-733
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• 2001

In this study, the relationship between growth factors for Pinus densiflora stands in Anmyun-Island was analyzed and dynamic growth model was prepared. A total of 96 sample plots was investigated in which dbh and height of individual trees were measured. From these plot data, quadratic mean dbh, mean height, dominant tree height, stem number per ha, basal area per ha and volume per ha were estimated. Several regression equations between growth factors were derived using NLIN and REG procedure of SAS. And dynamic growth model, in which the equations were interactively linked, was prepared for the prediction of stand growth and yield under different management regime. The predictions of dynamic growth model were found to be coincided with general growth principles. The dynamic growth model was considered as adequate for predicting growth and yield of Pinus densiflora stand in Anmyun-Island. In practice, the dynamic growth model can be applied for predicting the growth and development of stand for various forest treatments and for decision-making in forest management.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2022

Research on the recycling of waste concrete has been conducted mainly focusing on the production of high-quality recycled ag g reg ate, and as a result, standards and specifications for recycled ag g reg ate have been established. However, in the case of waste concrete powder, although a lot of research on its utilization has been conducted in Korea, an innovative technology leading to commercialization has not yet been announced. Recently, research on technology using waste concrete powder as a raw material for clinker or cement has been actively conducted in major overseas advanced countries. This study investigated the overseas cases with regard to high value-added recycling technology and commercialization trend of waste concrete powder for carbon neutrality in cement and concrete industries. A number of studies have reported that it is essential to completely separate the aggregate and hydrated cement paste fraction for recycling of waste concrete powder. Also in major foreig n countries such as EU and USA, commercialization and standardization of using waste concrete powder as a raw material for clinker or a additive for cement are now in progress beyond the R&D stage. Therefore, Research and standardization for recycling of waste concrete powder should be urgently carried out from the perspective of carbon neutrality in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1100-1109
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• 2022

Herein, a case study was conducted on the bilge pumping performance of a 24,000TEU class container ship with an overall length of 400m. Although the bilge system of the 24,000TEU class container ship was designed in accordance with the rule requirements of the Classification Society, the bilge system did not satisfy the 2 m/s requirements of SOLAS Reg.II-1/35-1 under the rated flow rate and maximum flow rate conditions of the bilge pump installed in the ship. In particular, assumptions were made that No.1 ~ No.4 cargo holds were flooded and filled entirely by sea water and the evaluation of bilge pumping performance had been performed for No.1 ~ No.4 cargo holds. According to the evaulation results of the, the mean water velocity at the main bilge pipe for No.2, No.3, and No.4 cargo holds did not meet the 2 m/s criterion. To resolve this problem, in this study, the branch bilge pipe in each cargo hold was changed from 150A to 200A and the mean water velocity at the main bilge pipe for No.2, No.3, and No.4 was calculated as 2.479m/s, 2.476m/s, and 2.459m/s, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.353-356
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• 2004

In a previous study, a gst gene was isolated from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This gene was dubbed gstI, and was characterized using the gstI -lacZ fusion plasmid pYSH2000. In this work, four additional fusion plasmids, pYSHSDl, pYSHSD2, pYSHSD3 and pYSHSD4, were constructed, in order to carry (respectively) 770, 551, 358 and 151 bp upstream regions from the translational initiation point. The sequence responsible for induction by aluminum, mercury and hydrogen peroxide was located in the range between -1,088 and -770 bp upstream of the S. pombe gstI gene. The same region was identified to contain the nucleotide sequence responsible for regulation by Papl, and has one puta­tive Papl binding site, TTACGTAT, located in the range between $-954\~-947$ bp upstream of the gstI gene. Negatively acting sequences are located between -1,088 and -151 bp. These findings imply that the Papl protein is involved in basal and inducible transcription of the gstI gene in the fission yeast S. pombe.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2017

In order to modeling seismic isolation system such as lead-rubber bearing (LRB), bilinear model is widely used by many researchers. In general, an actual force-displacement relationship for LRB has a smooth hysteretic shape. So, Bouc-Wen model with smooth hysteretic shape represents more accurately actual hysteretic shape than bilinear model. In this study, seismic responses for seismically isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) with LRB modelled by Bouc-Wen and bilinear models are compared with those of NPP without seismic isolation system. To evaluate effect of earthquake characteristics for seismic responses of NPP isolated by LRB, 5 different site class earthquakes distinguished by Geomatrix 3rd Letter Site Classification and artificially generated earthquakes corresponding to standard design spectrum by Reg. Guide 1.60 are used as input earthquakes. From the seismic response results of seismically isolated NPP, it can be observed that maximum displacements of seismic isolation modelled by Bouc-Wen model are larger than those by bilinear model. Seismic responses of NPP with LRB is significantly reduced than those without LRB. This reduction effect for seismic responses of NPP subjected to Site A (rock) earthquakes is larger than that to Site E (soft soil) earthquakes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.139-143
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 기후변화를 고려하여 한강유역의 미래 물부족 정도를 평가하는 것이다. 하지만 미래 기후변화의 영향을 평가한다는 것은 많은 불확실성을 포함하고 있기 때문에 그만큼 예측이 어려운 것이 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미래에 예상되는 기후변화와 물수요 시나리오를 바탕으로 기후변화-물수요 시나리오를 구성하였고 각 시나리오에 대한 불확실성의 범위 내에서 미래 이수부문의 수자원평가를 실시하였다. 이를 위해 기후변화 시나리오는 RegCM3 기후모형의 A2 시나리오에 의해 모의된 90년(2001-2090년)의 기상자료의 50 Set을 이용하여 SLURP 강우-유출 모형으로 50 Set의 일유출량 계열을 작성하였다. 또한 물수요 시나리오는 수자원장기종합계획 보완(2006, 건설교통부)의 물수요 시나리오를 바탕으로 고수요, 기준수요, 저수요의 3개 시나리오를 구성하였다. 따라서, 기후변화-물수요 시나리오는 150개 case로서 구성되며 물 수지 기반의 수자원평 가계획모형(K-WEAP)에 의해 미래 기간에 대한 물 부족량을 검토하였다. 검토 결과 미래에 한강유역의 물 부족량은 장기적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 한강유역의 소유역별 물부족량을 검토한 결과 특정 소유역에서 물 부족이 가중되고 장기적으로 한강유역 전체로 물부족이 예상되는 소유역이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.929-933
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• 2009

전 세계적으로 기후변화와 이상기후에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. IPCC(2001)는 "기후변화"라는 요소가 기온 증가, 강우강도 및 빈도 변화와 이들로 인한 증발산의 변화, 유출량의 시 공간적 변동을 초래하여 수자원의 효율적 관리 및 안정적인 공급에 어려움을 증대시킬 것으로 전망하였다. 이에 따라 세계 각국은 미래 기후에 대한 보다 정확한 정보를 얻기 위하여 IPCC 권장 시나리오인 SRES(Special Report in Emission Scenario)기반의 GCM(General Circulation Model)과 RCM(Regional Circulation Model)을 이용하고 있으며 특히, 최근에는 고해상도 자료를 생산함으로써 국부지역에 대한 지형학적 특성을 효과적으로 모의할 수 있는 RCM 모형을 이용한 연구가 국외를 중심으로 진행되고 있다(권현한 등, 2008). 본 연구에서는 미래 한강 유역의 수자원 변동성을 평가하기 위하여 CA-Markov Chain 기법으로부터 토지이용변화를, 기온과 강수자료을 독립변수로 이용한 다중 회귀식으로부터 미래 NDVI를 추정하고 기상청에서 제공하는 RegCM3-지역지후모형으로부터 축소기법을 이용하여 추정된 KMA RCM 50set 기후변화시나리오를 SLURP 모형에 입력하였다. 2001년부터 2090년까지 총 90년에 대한 한강 유역의 미래 유출모의를 실시한 후 각 댐별 과거와 미래 유출량을 월별로 비교하고 이들의 유황분석을 실시하였다.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.205-219
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• 2015

In this study, the simulation results of temperature by regional climate model (Reg- CM4) over South Korea were corrected by Hempel et al. (2013)'s method (Hempel method), and evaluated with the observation data of 50 stations from Korea Meteorological Administration. Among the 30 years (1981~2010) of simulation data, 20 years (1981~2000) of simulation data were used as a training data, and the remnant 10 years (2001~2010) data were used for the evaluation of correction. In general, the Hempel method and parametric quantile mapping show a reasonable correction both in mean and extreme climate of temperature. As the results, the systematic underestimation of mean temperature was greatly reduced after bias correction by Hempel method. And the overestimation of extreme climate, such as the number of TN5% and freezing day, was significantly recovered. In addition to that, the Hempel method better preserved the temporal trend of simulated temperature than other bias correction methods, such as the quantile mapping. However, the overcorrection of the extreme climate related to the upper quantile, such as TX5% and hot days, resulted in the exaggeration of the simulation errors. In general, the Hempel method can reduce the systematic biases embedded in the simulation results preserving the temporal trend but it tends to overcorrect the non-linear biases, in particular, extreme climate related to the upper percentile.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.48
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• pp.57-76
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• 2010

This study reviews maritime transport policy regarding liner conference and the changes in the liner market over the decades. Liner shipping industry has long been protected from competition by block exemption. To prevent excessive competition in punctual operation and its inelastic market structure, liner shipping companies formed conferences that are protected to fix the prices under the law. In the US, deregulation in transport sector began from 80's and continuing with OSRA 1998, conferences were dissolving. On the other hand, the EU with close conference system, Regulation 4056/86 contained block exemption remained in force for unlimited time without review clause. However, in Oct 2008, the EU has announced its removal, and conferences were no longer permitted to fix the price nor exchange information. Although OSRA 1998 has already broken up conferences by allowing individual service contracts, but the repeal of the immunity for price fixing will alter significantly the rule on cooperation in the industry since it is a unilateral move by the EU, especially in transatlantic lane. There are rapid changes in shipping market getting much more complicated, and with removal of 4056/86 allowing the market to be more competitive, opening up the industry with far more diverse strategic options. Hence this paper reviews on liner shipping industry and its changes of policies over the years from protected market to open competition market of today.