• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2002

Microencapsulated pcm (MPCM) particles are mixed with distilled water and utilized to evaluate its characteristics and performance as a thermal storage medium transporting heat. For the present study, tetradecane ($C_14$$H_30$, $T_m$=5.5$^{\circ}C$) is capsulated in the core, coated with the melamine for their surface. The size of particles is well-controlled under 10$\mu$m in the process of in-situ polymerization with melamine-formaldehyde resin. For the experiment, the concentractions of slurries are prepared for 20 wt%, 30 wt%, and 40 wt%. The results are compared with those of water and 100% tetradecane oil. The pure water and tetradecane start solidifying within 20 minutes after introducing cooling water into the thermal storage tank whose flow rates are varied by 125 cc/min, 250 cc/min, and 500 cc/min. However, MPCM slurries are required relatively longer period of time for their phase change than pure phase change materials. That is, the entrained MPCM particles restrict their heat transfer in terms of natural convection and conduction to them.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 1992

Numerical analysis of the laminar natural convection in an enclosure of the 20KVA oil-immeresed transformer is presented. The core in the transformer is modelled as a rectangular cylinder and calculation is carried out for $Ra=10^3-10^6$. The correlating equation between the inner cylinder mean Nusselt numbers and Rayleigh numbers can be obtained. The conduction and convection regimes for the variation of Rayleigh numbers are well represented in the temperature distributions along the side wall of the inner cylinder. For high Rayleigh numbers, it is found that the recirculating flow in the enclosure above the inner cylinder is divided into two recirculation regions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1002-1008
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• 2001

The energy is the basis for almost all industrial activities and domestic needs. But recently there are increasing concerns internationally over environmental problems and consequent climate changes caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels. Furthermore the price of crude oil is increasing steadily with unstable supplies. In order to solve these national energy problems, the utilization of Ocean Energy is introduced as one of the best alterative technologies for the future. OTEC Power Plant has been installed at the West Inchon Power Plant Site. Temperature differences of$20~25^{\circ}C$ been utilized for plant operations, where R22 is used as a working fluid. The system is composed of low pressure turbine, plate type heat exchanger, and pumps. In the present investigation the experimental results, such as gross power, net power and objective function, are analysed when temperature differences change from the reference design point.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.863-871
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• 2004

The use of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gases around the world causes an increase of the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. In order to reduce the concentration of the greenhouse gas, the idea of carbon dioxide sequestration in the ocean is proposed to be an effective mitigation strategy to counteract potential global warming due to the greenhouse effect. Therefore, in the present study, calculations of the dissolution behavior of carbon dioxide when liquid carbon dioxide is released at 1,000m and 1,500m in depth by fixed pipeline are performed. The results show that carbon dioxide droplets change to carbon dioxide bubbles in gas phase around 500m in depth, and the droplets are completely dissolved below 500 m in depth if the liquide carbon dioxide is released both at 1,000 m in depth with the initial diameter of 0.007m or less and at 1,500m in depth with the diameter of 0.011m or less.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.631-636
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• 2008

Solar thermal systems are recently refocused by higher oil prices, but did not completely restore the people's confidence owing to the past bad systems. Several types of solar water heating systems were analyzed in characteristics and some proper systems were proposed under Korean climates and system scale. As a small system, natural circulation system should be installed only in a southern region of Korea, with a freeze protection valve instead of heating coil for freeze protection. In most area of Korea, the forced circulation type with a heat exchange coil inside a thermal storage tank or with a spiral-jacketed storage tank, proposed and verified by the authors, has a merit of stable performance and freeze protection.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.486-490
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• 2014

In our country, which imports 97% of the energy consumed, an energy saving policy is required. The price inflation of utility bills is caused by a steep rise in the prices of imported oil. This study aims to solve the difficulties that cause poor environmental conditions for workers in the energy services sector, and especially, to systematize energy consumption reports to manage energy goals by suggesting an example of written energy-saving reports. To this end, this research focuses on energy consumption of target facilities including office spaces in a main building and multi-use facilities of an office building. A system where all employees can participate is structured through the analysis of energy usage in the target buildings.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.515-522
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• 2010

In order to improve the efficiency of a transformer cooling system, the intelligent algorithm was developed. The intelligent algorithm is composed of a setpoint algorithm and a control algorithm. The setpoint algorithm was developed by the neural network, and the control algorithm was developed by the fuzzy logic. These algorithms were used for the control of a blower and an oil pump of the transformer cooling system. In order to analyse performances of these algorithms, the dynamic model of a transformer cooling system was used. Based on various performance tests, energy savings and stable controls of a transformer cooling system were observed. Therefore, control algorithms developed for this study may be effectively used for the control of a transformer cooling system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1999

Numerical calculations of turbulent natural convection in an enclosure of the 20 kYA oil-immersed transformer model are presented. The transformer is modelled as two concentric cylinders with different heights and diameters. The thermal boundary layers are well represented in the temperature distributions along the wall of the transformer model. The flow stratification between the hot and cold walls can not be seen in the transformer model. The turbulence eddy viscosity has its maximum at the center of the core and its maximum values at the top of the core are larger than those at the bottom of the core.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.861-870
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• 1999

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of using various shapes of turbulence promoter on the heat-transfer enhancement of 2-D and 3-D arrays of rectangular modules in a rectangular channel for design of noiseless and low-powered cooling fan in the electronic systems. Measurements of heat/mass transfer coefficients were made using a naphthalene sublimation technique, and the friction factors were measured for Reynolds numbers in the range$3.3{\time}10^3$~$1.6{\time}10^4$. Flow visualization was peformed by oil-film method. It was found that heat transfer and pressure drop increased remarkably due to the existence of the promoter. The results of the performance evaluation based on equal pumping power were showed that substantial heat-transfer enhancement was obtained at low Reynolds number range by use of a turbulence promoter.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.44-50
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• 2008

This study presents test results of a mobile air-conditioning system using a potential alternative refrigerant, R152a. A series of performance tests have been carried out and cycle characteristics such as cooling capacity, energy efficiency ratio, suction and discharge pressures, and temperatures are presented, compared to those for the baseline R134a system. Tests were conducted with evaporation temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, condensation temperature of $45^{\circ}C$, subcooling temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, superheating temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, and compressor speed of 500-1500 rpm. The performance of R152a system with readjustment of an expansion valve showed better than those of R134a. The effect of oil on the pressure drop in the evaporator was also addressed.