• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.502-508
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• 2016

An optimized PI controller design method is presented to promote the control performance of an oil cooler system for high precision machine tools. First, a transfer function model of the oil cooler system with a variable rotating speed compressor was obtained by the perturbation method as the first order system with a negligible dead time. Then, the closed-loop control system was described as the second order system with a zero. Its dynamic behaviors are mostly governed by characteristic parameters, the damping ratio, and the natural frequency which is incorporated in PI gains. Next, an optimum integral of the time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) criterion was applied to the second order system. The characteristic parameters can be determined by the given design specifications, percent overshoots and settling times and comparisons with the ITAE criterion. Hence, the PI gains were plainly identified in a deterministic way. Finally, the PI gains were fine-tuned to obtain desirable dynamics in real systems, considering the zero effect and parameter variations. The validity of the proposed method was proven by computer simulations and real experiments for selected cases.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to estimate the effect on fouling reduction in tubes of the condenser. It shows in detail how to calculate the fouling factor from the experimental results of refrigeration systems with or without the automatic cleaning system using sponge balls and to predict the variation of the factor with time. It also represents how to calculate the temperature and pressure decrease of the refrigerant vapor in the condenser and the load decrease of the compressor in the refrigeration system by fouling reduction.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2004

Experiments have been conducted in order to make comparisons of characteristics of a R410a cycle with a R22 cycle in terms of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). The parameters examined in the present work include air flow rate, indoor and outdoor air temperatures, and indoor relative humidity. These two refrigeration cycles constructed for this study share all components except compressor, accumulator, oil separator, and piping. The measurements were made using a psychrometric calorimeter. The experimental results show that the R410A cycle has several advantages for indoor units while the R22 cycle yields better performance for outdoor units.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2015

The MVR was theoretically modeled by performing the polytropic process, and the polytropic coefficient was estimated by using the performance curve provided by the manufacturers. The TVR was investigated by applying the conservation equations to the movement of fluids inside the TVR. The size of the nozzle and diffuser was determined. Theoretical MVR and TVR modeling was verified by comparing the results of the model with the available design data. Besides, the effects of multi-staging of the MVR on power consumption, and the effects of suction and primary pressure on the sizing of TVR were investigated.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2006

The present study has been conducted to simulate dynamics of a gas engine-driven heat pump (GHP) for the design of control algorithm. The dynamic model of a GHP was based on conservation laws of mass and energy. For the control of refrigerant pressures, actuators such as an engine throttle valve, outdoor fans, coolant three-way valves and liquid injection valves were controlled by P or PI algorithm. The simulation results were found to be realistic enough to be applied for the control algorithm design. The model could be applied to build a virtual real-time GHP system so that it interfaces with a real controller for the purpose of developing control algorithm.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

[ $CO_2$ ] and propane mixtures were chosen as promising alternative refrigerants and their performance potentials were evaluated experimentally in an air-conditioning system. Pure $CO_2$ and 85/15, 75/25 and 60/40 binary blends by the charged mass percentage of $CO_2/propane$ were selected as working fluids. The effect of the inlet temperature of the secondary fluids and degree of superheat on the cooling performance was tested and discussed. The charging amounts of refrigerants were adjusted to make the system show the maximum COP. Comparisons among different refrigerants were carried out on the same compressor speed basis for a given operating condition. In addition, the temperature gliding effect of zeotropic mixtures on the system performance were analyzed based on the drop-in test results.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.486-493
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• 2000

A theoretical model for the transient performance of vapor-compression air-conditioning system has been developed to evaluate the influence of the refrigerant charge on the system performance. A set of mass and energy equations for the simulation of the heat exchangers and the capillary tube and a polytropic compression model for the compressor are used. The present model successfully predicts the transient behavior of the vapor-compression air-conditioner from the startup. As the refrigerant charge is increased, both the evaporating and condensing pressures increase gradually, and the cooling rate and the COP show a maximum in the range of 0.75-0.8 kg of refrigerant charge. This amount of refrigerant mass is determined to be the optimum charge of the model system. Also, the effect of outdoor air temperature on the optimum refrigerant charge is discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2003

A simulation on the performance of a transcritical $CO_2$ heat pump system is carried out to investigate its characteristics for various operating conditions. Cycle simulation models are established for a steady-state simulation and are verified by comparing experimental data. Based on correlations and methods available in the literature, the processes in individual components of the transcritical cycle are simulated to analyze the performance of $CO_2$ transcritical heat pump system. The simulation models are good enough to predict the performance of a $CO_2$ transcritical cycle. Simulation results are provided to show the relative effects when varying the size of internal heat exchanger and the discharge pressure of a compressor.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2004년도 동계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.99-99
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• 2004

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 1998

A numerical simulation has been carried out for the automotive air conditioning system. The purpose of this simulation is to present the methods for simulating car air conditioning components, systems and cool-down performance by computerized mathematical model and to analyze the performance of A/C system. In analyzing the heat exchanger(evaporator and condenser), the finite volume model which has a merit in predicting the temperature field in detail because it can consider partial variation of thermal property and heat transfer coefficient is used. In analyzing the compressor, the polytropic approach which regards the actual compression process as a reversible polytropic process is employed. In analyzing vehicle passenger compartment, the thermal network is employed to simulate the car cool down process. This A/C system program can be used for analyzing a component performance when a component is alternated or designed and for analyzing the engine cooling system when A/C system is operated.