• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

The head thrust maneuver is a simple bedside test of the higher frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex, which is based on Ewald's second law. It is performed by grasping the patient's head and applying a brief, small-amplitude, high-acceleration head turn, first to one side and then to the other. The patient fixates on the examiner's nose and the examiner watches for corrective rapid eye movements (saccades), which are a sign of decreased vestibular response. The "catch-up" saccades after a head thrust in one direction indicate a peripheral vestibular lesion on that side (in the labyrinth or the $8^{th}$ nerve including the root's entry zone in the brain stem). An individual pair of vertical semicircular canals can also be stimulated by turning the head to the right or left by $45^{\circ}$ and then by rotating the head in the pitch plane relative to the body. Recent studies have suggested that assessment of individual semicircular canal function by head thrust test may provide useful information for anatomical and functional details of a variety of peripheral vestibulopathies and for predicting the prognosis of vestibular neuritis. In central vestibulopathy, the head thrust test may also be valuable sign to determine dysfunction of the central pathways from individual semicircular canals and its role for the development of diverse central nystagmus.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2009

목 적: 본 연구는 후향적으로 신생아기의 일시적 장폐쇄와 허쉬스프룽병에서 임상 양상과 검사법에 따른 결과의 비교를 통하여 양 질환의 감별 진단을 위한 검사법의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2004년 8월부터 2009년 3월까지 심한 복부팽만으로 방문한 신생아 중 단순복부촬영을 하여 전체 장관의 심한 확장을 보이면서 직장에 공기 음영이 보이지 않아 바륨조영술, 항문직장압력 검사, 직장흡인 생검을 모두 시행한 19예를 대상으로 하였으며 이들을 일시적 장폐쇄군과 허쉬스프룽병군으로 분류하였다. 결 과: 총 19예 중, 일시적 장폐쇄군의 경우 남아 8명(66.7%), 여아 4명(33.3%)이었다. 발생 시기는 일시적 장폐쇄군은 출생 후 2주에서 6주, 허쉬스프룽병군은 출생 후 3주 이내였다. 바륨조영술에서 이행부위는 일시적 장폐쇄군 6예(50%), 허쉬스프룽병군 4예(57.1%)에서 관찰되었다. 항문직장압력 검사에서 항문직장억제 반사가 관찰된 경우는 일시적 장폐쇄군 11예(91.7%), 허쉬스프룽병군 1예(14.3%)였다. 직장 흡인 생검에서 신경절세포가 관찰된 경우는 일시적 장폐쇄군 9예(75%), 허쉬스프룽병군 0예(0%)였다. 복부팽만의 호전 시기는 생후 1개월 이전 1예(8.3%), 1~2개월 8예(66.7%), 2~3개월 3예(25.0%)였으며, 전례가 3개월까지는 복부팽만이 호전되었다. 결 론: 생후 2주 이후에 심한 복부팽만이 나타나는 경우, 허쉬스프룽병과의 감별을 위해 바륨조영술보다 먼저 항문직장압력 검사를 시행하고 항문직장억제 반사가 없거나 불확실한 경우에 선별적으로 직장 흡인 생검을 하는 것이 불필요한 검사를 줄이는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2010

Background : The Bonghan theory is a hypothesis on the anatomical structure of the acupuncture point and meridian system. It has been regarded as a misunderstanding of the lymphatic system, or as a made-up story, for the past 40 years. Since 2002, Many studies have been published either to support the theory or to refute the old viewpoint. Objective : The purpose of this study was to find out the validity of the refutation by reviewing the publications. Methods : Searches were made from online databases (Riss4u.net, Google.com, Sciencedirect.com, Pubmed.com, baidu.com, and ci.nii.ac.jp) from 1960 to 2009. The search terms that were used were "Bonghan," "Bong han," "봉한," "thread-like structure," "KИM БOH XaHOM", "CИCTEMA KEHPAK," "鳳漢," "鳳漢管," and "鳳漢学說." References from the searched publications were also used. Results : Since the 1960s, 107 publications were identified as related works, but only 11 publications sought to refute the Bonghan theory. Two publications were researches, and nine were reviews. In the analysis of the correlation of the arguments with the publication contents, it was found that the research of G. Kellner reviewed the Bonghan system properly but that V. V. Kosmatov did not classify the ear-reflex zone as a traditional acupuncture point. For the review publications, only two reviews contained proper arguments, but seven publications were identified as broad interpretations, wrong translations, etc. Moreover, the two proper reviews were grounded on the research of G. Kellner. Conclusions : We found that the scientific origin of the refutation of the Bonghan theory is only one research by G. Kellner. This result suggest that Bonghan theory was not discussed enough to determine the invention.