• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
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• pp.526-530
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• 2004

We report the space charge and the surface potential of the interface between metal and CuPc according to isotropic property and different metal by measuring the microwave reflection coefficients $S_{11}$ of copper(II)-phthalocyanine(CuPc) thin films by using a near-field microwave microscope(NSMM) in order to understand. CuPc thin films were prepared on gold and aluminium substrates using a thermal evaporation method. Two kinds of CuPc thin films were prepared. One was deposited on preheated substrate at $150^{\circ}C$ and the other was annealed after deposition by using thermal evaporation methods. The microwave reflection coefficients $S_{11}$ of CuPc thin films were changed by the dependence on the heat treatment conditions. By comparing reflection coefficient $S_{11}$ we measured electrical conductivity of CuPc thin films and studied this results with respect to the surface potential and space charge of the interface between metal and CuPc thin films.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.949-958
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 사각형형상 수중방파제에 의한 불규칙파의 반사에 대하여 수리모형실험과 수치모형실험을 수행한 후 실험결과를 비교하였다. 수치해석 모형에서는 Reynolds 방정식을 지배방정식으로 사용하고 난류해석을 위해 k-$\varepsilon$모델을 적용하였으며, 자유수면변위를 추적하기 위해 VOF기법을 사용하였다. 수리모형실험과 수치모형실험의 결과는 서로 잘 일치하였으며, 수중방파제의 배열이 증가함에 따라 반사율은 증가하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2001

An ultrasonic test method, as a nondestructive test is applied to ensure the clad interface quality assessment. According to the reference codes and standards, not only korea Industrial Standard(KS) but also American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard, ultrasonic examination procedures use the pulse-echo, A-scan, back reflection signal drop method and/or side drilled reference hole used to establish the acceptance criteria of clad material test. But the variety of bonding materials and sizes makes it difficult to produce the reference blocks, or thus the criteria. In order to overcome these practical difficulties, new ultrasonic testing criterion is suggested. In this new method, the theoretical interface reflection signal amplitude level is calculated and suggested as an acceptance criteria with the back reflection signal set to 100% FSH(Full Screen Height) which is based on acoustic impedance mismatch at the clad interface for the explosive clad ultrasonic inspection. Applicability of suggested criterion, for the explosive clad Fe-Naval Brass with different bonding quality is confirmed to the pre-existed KS and ASTM specifications and verified by using SEM (Seanning Electron Microscope) micrograph. The results obtained by the suggested method is more conservative than the results according to the KS B 0234 and ASTM A 578 specifications The suggested method could be applicable to any other combination of explosive clad ultrasonic inspection.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2004

We report the changes of the microwave reflection coefficients S$_{11}$ of copper(II)-phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films by using a near-field microwave microscope(NSMM) in order to understand the phase transition of CuPc. For a NSMM system, a high-quality microstrip resonator coupled with a dielectric resonator was used. CuPc thin films were prepared on the pre-heated glass substrates using a thermal evaporation method. The reflection coefficients S$_{11}$ of CuPc thin films were changed by the dependence on the substrate pre-heating temperatures. By comparing reflection coefficient S$_{11}$ and crystal structures, we found the phase transition of CuPc thin films from $\alpha$-phase to $\beta$-phase at the substrate heating temperature 200 $^{\circ}C$./TEX>.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2007

Surface potential properties at the interface of pentacene thin films on gold (Au) and aluminum (Al) surfaces were investigated by using a near-field scanning microwave microprobe (NSMM). The surface potential formed across the pentacene film was observed by measuring the microwave reflection coefficient $S_{11}$ and compared with the result of a Kelvin-probe method. The obtained reflection coefficient ${\Delta}S_{11}$ of the pentacene thin films on Al was decreased as the pentacene film thickness increased due to the increased accumulation of negative space charges, while for Au ${\Delta}S_{11}$ was essentially constant.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2014

유공벽에 의한 파의 반사율과 투과율은 주로 유공벽의 공극률과 벽두께 그리고 입사파의 주기 및 비선형성에 의해 결정된다. 이중에서 벽두께는 유공벽의 수두손실계수와 관성저항길이에 영향을 미치므로 매우 중요하다. 그러나 기존의 연구에서는 예연 오리피스의 수두손실계수를 사용함으로써 수두손실계수에 미치는 벽두께 효과를 무시 또는 부정확하게 고려하였거나, 벽두께가 수두손실계수에 미치는 영향은 고려하였더라도 관성저항 길이를 무시함으로써 벽두께가 유공벽의 반사율과 투과율에 미치는 영향이 적절히 고려되지 못 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 두께의 유공벽을 제작하여 파의 반사율 및 투과율 측정 수리실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 기존의 해석해에 의한 값과 비교하였다. 비교결과 기존의 해석해 들이 벽두께의 효과를 적절히 반영하지 못하고 있음을 확인하였으며, 벽두께 효과를 정도 높게 고려할 수 있는 새로운 수두손실계수 산정식이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2014

Using a 3-D numerical scheme (LES-WASS-3D) that considered wave-structure-sandy seabed interactions in a 3-D wave field, we analyzed the wave reflection and hydraulic characteristics inside a slit caisson with two chambers in a 3-D oblique wave field. To verify the 3-D numerical analysis method suggested in this study, we compared the numerical results with existing experimental results and found good agreement. The numerical analysis revealed that a standing wave field is generated on the front side of the slit caisson due to the effect of wave reflection. For incident waves propagating perpendicular to the slit caisson, the nodes and anti-nodes of the standing wave are apparent and symmetrical. However, in an oblique wave field, as the incident wave angle decreases, the nodes and anti-nodes of the standing wave become ambiguous and unsymmetrical. It was also found that the wave reflection coefficient decreases as the incident wave angle decreases. It can be pointed out that as the incident wave angle decreases, the turbulent intensity in the chamber increases. Thereby, the increased wave energy dissipation by the increased turbulent intensity reduces the rate of wave reflection. In addition, a strong turbulent intensity generally occurs in the first chamber.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1987

Friction welding has emerged as a reliable process for high-production commercial applications with significant economic and technical advantages. But nondestructive test in friction weld was not clearly developed. Therefore the experimental verification is necessary in order to understand the characteristcs of the pulse echo effects according to various change in welding conditions. This paper presents an attempt to determine the relationship between the varios welding conditions and the coefficients of reflection using the ultrasonic pulse echo method in dissibilar metals friction weld. The new approach of calculating the coefficients of reflection based on measured amplitudes of the echoes is applied in this paper. These coefficients provides a single quantitative measurement which involves both acoustic energy reflected at the welded interface as well as transmitted across the interface. As a result, it was known that the quantitave relationship between welding conditions and the coefficients of reflection using the ultrasonic pulse echo exists in dissimilar metals friction weld.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제25권1E호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

This study examines the reflection characteristic of a thin transition layer of the ocean bottom showing variability with respect to depth. In order to model the surficial sediment simply, we reduce the Biot model to the depth dependent wave equation for the pseudo fluid using the fluid approximation (weak frame approximation). From the reduced equation, the difference between the inherent frequency dependency of the reflection and the frequency dependency resulting from a thin transition layer is investigated. Using Tang's depth porosity profile model of the surficial sediment [D. Tang et al., IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol.27(3), 546-560(2002)], we numerically simulated the reflection loss and investigated the contribution from both frequency dependencies. In addition, the effects of different sediment type and varying depth structure of the sediment are discussed.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2013

This paper proposes an ultrasonic method for measurement of linear and hysteretic interfacial stiffness of contacting surfaces between two steel plates subjected to nominal compression pressure. Interfacial stiffness was evaluated by the reflection and transmission coefficients obtained from three consecutive reflection waves from solid-solid surface using the shear wave. A nonlinear hysteretic spring model was proposed and used to define the quantitative interfacial stiffness of interface with the reflection and transmission coefficients. Acoustic model for 1-D wave propagation across interfaces is developed to formulate the reflection and transmission waves and to determine the linear and nonlinear hysteretic interfacial stiffness. Two identical plates are put together to form a contacting surface and pressed by bolt-fastening to measure interfacial stiffness at different states of contact pressure. It is found from experiment that the linear and hysteretic interfacial stiffness are successfully determined by the reflection and transmission coefficient at the contact surfaces through ultrasonic pulse-echo measurement.