• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 1986

Today, the control and criteria of design for apartment site are heavily dependent on laws and ordinance in Korea. But they are indefinite and some part which are deficient in laws and ordinance, are dependent on professional judgement. So trey are not consistent and there are many problems in their applications. The purpose of this study is to suggest fundamental date for the future establishment of better control and criteria, by way of evaluation method about existing control and criteria of design in apartment site in the country. The method of this study is reviewing the present laws and ordinance, carrying out the questionaire survey and making a comparative analysis by doing various statistical analyses. The results of this are as follows; 1) More definite criteria of site density are necessary. 2) Stricter criteria and control about the orientation are indispensible for more efficient use of site. 3) More diverse facilities must be provided. 4) The laws and ordinance must be strengthened for the purpose of increasing the landscape area. 5) It is desirable to provide the criteria of bicycle road to save energy. 6) The facilities criteria for the physically handicapped must be strengthened. 7) The mechanism for the reflection of habitant's attitudes and beliefs should be established. 8) It's necessary to simplify the permission procedure to save tilde and money.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.821-845
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• 2016

Extensive researches on distribution of earthquake induced damages in different regions have shown that geological and geotechnical conditions of the local soils significantly influence behavior of alluvial areas under seismic loading. In this article, the site of Babol city which is formed up of saturated fine alluvial soils is considered as a case study. In order to reduce the uncertainties associated with earthquake resistant design of structures in this area (Babol city), the required design parameters have been evaluated with consideration of site's dynamic effects. The utilized methodology combines experimental ground ambient noise analysis, expressed in terms of horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio, with numerical one-dimensional response analysis of soil columns using DEEPSOIL software. The H/V spectral analysis was performed at 60 points, experimentally, for the region in order to estimate both the fundamental period and its corresponding amplification for the ground vibration. The investigation resulted in amplification ratios that were greater than one in all areas. A good agreement between the proposed ranges of natural periods and alluvial amplification ratios obtained through the analytical model and the experimental microtremor studies verifies the analytical model to provide a good engineering reflection of the subterraneous alluviums.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1999

Seismic refracrion and reflection surveys were conducted along an E-W trending track of 482 m long in Ilwall-dong, Pohang. End-on spread was employed as source-receiver configuration with 2 m for both geophone interval and offset. Seismic data were acquired using 24 channels at every shot fired every 2 m along the track. Refraction data were interpreted using equations for multi-horizontal layers. Reflection data were processed in the sequence of trace edit, gain control, CMP sorting, NMO correction, mute, common offset gathering, and filtering to produce a single fold seismic section. There are two layers in shallow subsurface of the study area. Upper layer has the P-wave velocities ranging from 267 to 566 m/s and is interpreted as a layer of unconsolidated sediments. Lower layer has P-wave velocities of 1096-3108 m/s and is interpreted as weathered rock to hard rock. Most of the lower layer classified as soft rock. Upper layer has lateral variations in both P-wave velocity and thickness. The upper layer in the eastern part of the seismic line is 3-5 m thick and has P-wave velocity of 400 m/s in average. The upper layer in the western part is 8-10 m thick and has P-wave velocity of 340 m/s in average. The eastern part is interpreted as unconsolidated beach sand, while the western part is interpreted as infilled soil to develop a construction site. Three fault systems of high angle are imaged in seismic reflection section. It is interpreted that the area between these fault systems are relatively safe. Large buildings should be located in the safe ground condition of no fault and footings should be designed to be in the basement rock of 3-10 m deep below the surface.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2000

This study aims to develop the model of evaluation on greenspace to increase the sustain ability of the planning and management for site-scale development projects. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) The comprehensive principles of sustainable development projects were established, which include coexistence of man and nature, reflection of ecological principles, minimization of environmental pollution and damage, recycling and reuse of materials. (2) According to established principles, the evaluation criteria were classified into seven categories as follows: retention of ample greenspace, formation of greenspace as a habitat, species diversity of vegetation, consideration of indigenous plants, construction of green network, conservation of greenspace, and reuse of plant materials. (3) As a result of the analysis of questionnaire of experts, evaluation model was worked out with which we can evaluate environmental friendliness greenspace. And, the final evaluation indicators for greenspace are the rate of greeneries volume, securing habitat, indigenous plants, reuse of plant materials, and species diversity of vegetation, and the indicator of greenspace conservation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2014

This study aims to develop a rich understanding of user goals in user-empowering information technologies which have been dominating part in the information systems environment. A particular focus is on users' goals in a social network site (SNS) which is a typical example of user-empowering technologies. Users conduct various activities in order to achieve diverse goals in SNS. Thus, investigating what goals users pursue in SNS will give insights into understanding the users. We employed the laddering interview technique and means-end chain approach. Interviews of 50 Facebook users were analyzed to produce a hierarchical goal map showing users' goal structure. The map contains 18 goals, including self-reflection, psychological stability, belongingness, improving productivity, and amusement as ultimate goals in SNS. In the map, there are varied routes from activities to ultimate goals in SNS; that is, a complex assembly consisting of activities and goals. The findings call the information systems research community to have more interests in diverse goals and values users seek with technologies.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.373-386
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• 2022

The development of performance-based design methodologies requires a reasonable definition of a displacement-response spectrum. Although ground motions are known to be significantly affected by the resonant-like amplification behavior caused by multiple wave reflections within the surface soil, such a soil-resonance effect is seldom explicitly considered in current-displacement spectral models. In this study, an analytical approach is developed for the construction of displacement-response spectra by considering the soil-resonance effect. For this purpose, a simple and rational equation is proposed for the response spectral ratio at the site fundamental period (SRTg) to represent the soil-resonance effect based on wave multiple reflection theory. In addition, a bilinear model is adopted to construct the soil displacement-response spectra. The proposed model is verified by comparing its results with those obtained from actual observations and SHAKE analyses. The results show that the proposed model can lead to very good estimations of SRTg for harmonic incident seismic waves and lead to reasonable estimations of SRTg and soil displacement-response spectra for earthquakes with a relatively large magnitude, which are generally considered for seismic design, particularly in high-seismicity regions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

There are some studies about user's participation to reflect their desire and value on the planning of house by this time. These were constitution of unit space focused on the apartments, which is mostly theoretical. However, till completion of a construction work, it goes through various processes of some steps such as, buying building site, site planning, architectural planning and construction. In architectural planning process, it takes time for continuous discussion and revision between architects and users. Also changes of plan must of necessity be so because of in or outside conditions. So, right user's participation has its meaning that they take part in each step and portion of process faithfully on whole architectural processes. In this case, tenants of single house were decided and they already buy building site and lay out rules jointly. With this circumstance I've researched a kind of test the reflection on various desires and its acceptance in each steps through completion of a construction work, which is based on their participation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present basic data of basic concept that planners should consider in planning process. For this purpose, we have proposed the determinant factors of basic concept. In particular, this study focuses on the physical planning elements among the various planning elements that determine the basic concept. The research method is the case study and analysis for the competitions of LH for the past four years. After dividing the residential environment area, the planning elements was derived and the planning direction is arranged for the case district. The determinants factor were determined by the structure of each area. Three area, including the degree of urban context, were found to be the main determinants of the basic idea. The results of the study are as follows. (1) The degree of reflection of urban context, the degree of effort to resolve environmental influences are determinant factors of basic concept. (2) The degree of connection between urban and site area, the degree of overlapping of the boundaries, and street are determinant factors of basic concept. (3) The degree of appropriateness of the residential layout, the degree of rationality of the moving plan, the adequacy of the community space plan are determinant factors of basic concept.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1129-1129
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• 2001

Maize, in Hungary, is the fodder-plant grown in the biggest quantity. It is not only used as a fodder but other products such as iso-sugar are made from it, too. The quality of the fodder and the produce is largely dependent on the composition of the supplied maize to the processing site. The examination of quality parameters besides conventional methods are investigated and measured by NIR spectroscopy on a routine basis. The investigated parameters are the following: water, total protein, starch and oil content. The accuracy and precision of determining these parameters we, apart from the wet chemical methods, influenced by sample preparation to a great extent. One of the main features of this is the sample particle size and its distribution across the sample. The uneven distribution of particle size negatively influences the measurement accuracy, decreases model robustness and prediction ability. With these in mind the aim of our experiment was to investigate the effect of particle size on the accuracy of maize composition determination using reflection measurement setup. In addition, we tested different spectrum transformations, which are suitable for canceling this effect. In our experiment 47 samples were analyzed with three different mesh sizes (1.5mm, 1.8mm and 2mm). The results of our findings are presented here.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 1997

We have obtained the optimum thickness of anti-reflection(AR) coating on one of facets of a $\1.55mu\textrm{m}$ InGaAsP MQW FP semiconductor laser by in-site monitoring of the light emitted from the rear facet during the film deposition on the fore facet. The optimum thickness of $SiO_x$ thin film whose refractive index is 1.85 was found to be 188 nm. The reflectivity of the coated facet was calculated by the threshold current ratio of before and after AR coating, which was obtained from exprimental data, and it was about 2$\times$ $10^{-4}$. The results show that the output power is increased by 87% at bias current 60 mA, the slope efficiency is increased by 3.4 times, and the threshold current is increased by 2.64 times. By in-situ depositing of the $Si/SiO_2$ thin film HR coating on the rear facet, the output power was increased by 160% than before the AR and HR coatings, the slope efficiency was increased by 3.8 times, the threshold current was increased by 1.07 times, which is similar to the value of before AR coating. Due to the AR and HR coatings the output light power characteristics were enhanced.