• 제목/요약/키워드: Reflection on Relationships

검색결과 72건 처리시간 0.024초

Relationships between Milk Yield, Post-Partum Body Weight and Reproductive Performance in Friesian × Bunaji Cattle

  • Oni, O.O.;Adeyinka, I.A.;Afolayan, R.A.;Nwagu, B.I.;Malau-Aduli, A.E.O.;Alawa, C.B.I.;Lamidi, O.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제14권11호
    • /
    • pp.1516-1519
    • /
    • 2001
  • The data consisted of 369 lactation records for calvings over a sixteen-year period (1972-1987) and included only cows that had normal milk records. The data were analysed using a linear model containing the fixed effects of parity, year of calving and season of calving. The least squares means${\pm}$S.E. were $1,273{\pm}58.4kg$ for milk yield, and for post-partum body weight (kg) at 2, 3 and 4 months after calving were $343.40{\pm}3.96$, $346.10{\pm}4.10$ and $352.54{\pm}4.26$, respectively. With the exception of season of calving, the effects of parity and year of calving were significant (p<0.01) on the performance of the animals. Thus, the mean-milk yields 1162, 1351 and 1350, were similar for pre-, peak- and post rainy seasons, respectively. On the other hand, as parity increased from 1 to 3, milk yield also increased, but thereafter, there was a gradual decline in milk yield. Similarly, post-partum body weight also increased with parity. However, no consistent pattern for year effect was observed which probably was a reflection of the variation in climatic conditions, or forage quality and/or availability. The phenotypic correlations between milk yield and post-partum body weights were negative and small (ranging from -0.01 to -0.08). However, high milk production in cows was associated with longer calving interval. The implications from the phenotypic correlations are suggestive of one or two possibilities. Firstly, selection for increased body weight may actually result in decreased milk yield. Also, a substantial genetic antagonism may exist between milk yield and fertility in the crossbred cows. Therefore, it is important that selection to improve milk production should take into consideration the reproductive performance of the cows.

Development and Analysis of the Effects of an Intercultural Citizenship Education Program

  • Hyejin Kim;Bong Seok Jang
    • 실천공학교육논문지
    • /
    • 제16권3_spc호
    • /
    • pp.343-349
    • /
    • 2024
  • Recently, the intercultural approach, which aims to resolve social conflicts in multicultural societies through cultural encounters and dialogue, has been actively discussed. Intercultural education aims to foster smooth relationships and improve communication skills through interactions among various cultural groups. Analysis of previous studies has revealed the need for research on intercultural civic education programs targeted at adults. Therefore, this study was designed to develop an intercultural citizenship education program and to analyze its effects. For the study, previous research on interculturalism, intercultural citizenship education, and intercultural citizenship education programs was comprehensively analyzed. The developed intercultural citizenship education program was categorized into five major themes: understanding oneself and others, racism and hate speech, overcoming conflict and discrimination, breaking away from prejudice and stereotypes, and the future of our country. Subsequently, the program was implemented with 64 total second-year middle school students, 37 in the experimental group, and 27 in the control group, at an accredited lifelong educational institution in M City, South Jeolla Province. To analyze the effects of the education, an intercultural competency scale was used. The results showed that the intercultural citizenship education program for adult students was effective in conflict management, respect, communication, and reflection competencies, all at a statistically significant level. Finally, the authors compared the study results with previous research and discussed the findings. Findings indicated the necessity of enhancing multicultural citizenship awareness among adults and expanding teacher training in intercultural education. The program effectively improved intercultural competence among adult students, highlighting the importance of tailored educational content and active participation in discussions. Future research should ensure a balanced gender ratio among participants.

초등 초임교사의 과학의 본성에 대한 신념과 과학 교수-학습 활동과의 관련성 (Investigation of the Relationships between Beginning Elementary Teachers' Beliefs about the Nature of Science, and Science Leaching and Learning Context)

  • 양일호;한기갑;최현동;오창호;조현준
    • 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
    • /
    • 제24권4호
    • /
    • pp.399-416
    • /
    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between science teaching practices and beliefs about the nature of science. Defining teachers' beliefs as a broad construct, the researcher tried to examine not only the teachers' understanding about the nature of science, but also the effect and reflection in science teaching practices with regards to the nature of science. Guiding research questions were how the teachers' science teaching practices reflected their beliefs about the nature of science. The methodology of this study was qualitative approach that included interviews, classroom observations, and instructional materials. At an urban area of Korea, five beginning elementary teacher was chosen. The cross-case and grounded theory study design were adopted as data analysis process. The results of data analysis were checked by teachers for internal validity. This study identified the teachers' beliefs about the nature of science suggested by many researchers and revealed that these teachers' beliefs reflected a little in science teaching practices. On the occasion it was reflected, restricted merely within the narrow limits the way to teach the concepts and contents presented in science curriculum. In addition, some of the obstacles that these teachers' beliefs did not reflect the science teaching practices with regards to the nature of science were investigated in this study.

  • PDF

프레이리(Freire) 교육론이 중등학교 가정과교육에 주는 시사점 및 실천방안 (Implications of Freire's Education Theory and Corresponding Action Plans for Secondary School Home Economics Education)

  • 이현진;채정현
    • Human Ecology Research
    • /
    • 제60권3호
    • /
    • pp.407-427
    • /
    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study was to explore the implications of Freire's education theory for secondary school Home Economics Education (HEedu). We conducted a review of books written by Freire and classified the characteristics of his education theory into 9 categories. Based on these categories, we concretely explored the forms in which Freire's education theory could be applied in this area of education through interviews with Home Economics (HE) teachers. We also searched for activities that can be carried out by HEedu agents and the support that can be given by social institutions. The implications of Freire's education theory for HEedu are that education should exhibit love and respect for human beings, be ethically and democratically responsible, enable people to dream as well as hope, support consciousness and praxis by reflection, stimulate epistemological curiosity in learners' lives and experiences, promote subjectivity, autonomy and self-reliance, engage in dialogue to bring about a change in relationships rather than viewing dialogue as a skill, and stimulate political engagement. Freire's education theory therefore has multiple implications for the purpose, mission, and content of education, teaching methods and perspectives, and directions regarding the role of HE teachers. The results are expected to provide practical assistance in developing a persuasive curriculum for HEedu that can help learners restore subjectivity and love for human beings and their society by expanding the horizons of HEedu philosophy from the critical science of Habermas to Freire's education theory.

홀어머니와 큰아들의 갈등에 대한 가족치료 사례연구 (A case study of family therapy about conflict between mother and the eldest son)

  • 박태영;김태한
    • 한국가족복지학
    • /
    • 제23호
    • /
    • pp.263-302
    • /
    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 홀어머니와 성인인 큰아들의 갈등에 대한 가족치료사례로써, 가족관계에서 발생하는 의사소통의 어려움과 자아분화의 문제에 대한 가족치료적 개입방법과 효과성을 제시하고자 한다. 홀어머니와 큰아들의 갈등에 대하여 부인(며느리)이 상담을 의뢰하여 시작되었고, 13회기동안 개인 및 가족상담으로 진행되었다. 본 연구는 상담 축어록과 치료자가 기록한 메모를 중심으로 한 내용을 부호화(coding)작업을 통하여 개념과 하위범주, 그리고 상위범주로 나누었다. 또한 코딩작업을 통하여 발견한 범주들을 Miles와 Huberman(1994)이 제시한 관계망(network)와 매트릭스(matrix)를 활용하여 관계를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 분석 결과에 따르면 아버지가 사망하자 어머니는 큰아들이 가족을 부양해주기를 원하였지만, 큰아들은 어머니의 기대와 달리 결혼을 하여 분가하였다. 이 과정에서 서로의 감춰진 불만이 드러나고 모자갈등이 표면화되었다. 이런 갈등의 저변에는 가족의 경계선문제, 미분화된 자아, 역기능적 의사소통방식, 어머니의 원가족 경험 등이 영향을 미치고 있었다. 치료자는 모자갈등의 악순환고리를 끊기 위하여 치료적 동맹관계를 형성하였고, 의사소통방식의 지도, 반복되는 패턴의 조명, 재명명, 비유법을 활용하였다. 결과적으로 어머니와 큰아들은 자아분화, 기능적 의사소통의 활성화, 인식의 변화, 경계선의 변화를 경험하였고, 모자갈등의 소거와 더불어 가족관계가 향상되었다. 본 연구는 책임감과 기대감으로 인해서 발생하는 홀어머니와 큰아들의 갈등에 대한 가족치료가 효과적이라는 점과 유효한 개입방법들을 보여준다.

박계형론 -낭만적 글쓰기의 변주를 중심으로 (A Study on Park Gye-hyeong -Focusing on the Change of Romantic writing)

  • 진선영
    • 대중서사연구
    • /
    • 제25권2호
    • /
    • pp.247-275
    • /
    • 2019
  • 본고에서는 박계형의 소설에 대한 좀 더 다양한 학적 관심이 촉발되길 기대하며, 작가와 작품을 연대기적으로 훑어보면서 박계형 소설의 핵심적 요소를 '낭만성'으로 포착하였다. 이때의 낭만성은 서정성, 감상성, 정신성, 비현실성, 이상주의적 성질이다. 취향으로 발견된 낭만주의적 세계 이해를 바탕으로 소설의 핵심 제재는 사랑이며, 사랑하는 관계에서 발생하는 즐거움, 환희, 기쁨의 측면보다는 이별, 아픔, 외로움의 측면에 집중하면서 슬픔의 감정을 주조한다. 비애의 정조를 바탕으로 소설의 결말은 실패, 죽음, 배신으로 종결되기에 비극적 낭만성을 구현한다. 등단 후 결혼하기 이전까지 박계형의 소설은 시적 감수성을 바탕으로 아름다운 사랑에 대한 강렬한 동경을 드러내는 연애소설이다. 목가주의적 세계와 자연에 대한 동경은 낭만주의적 세계관을 드러내고, 결국 그렇지 못한 환경 속에서 절망하고 갈망하며, 사랑의 진정성과 도덕성을 찾아가고자 한다. 주부가 된 박계형은 '센티멘탈'이 아니라 '높은 차원에서의 낭만'을 구현시켜 독자들에게 '향수' 같은 것에 젖어볼 수 있는 작품을 쓰고 싶다고 피력한다. 이후의 작품에서는 육적인 관계를 사랑의 실패로, 영적인 관계를 사랑의 결실로 다루면서 사랑의 고도한 정신성, 이상주의적 동경, 종교성을 드러낸다. 박계형은 20여 년의 절필 이후 새 작품을 출간하면서 이전 작품에 대한 부끄러움을 고백한다. 그리고 '파괴된 인간성 회복'이라는 새로운 화두로 소설 집필의 의욕을 드러낸다. 하지만 2000년대 발표한 두 소설에서 '인간성'에 대한 탐색은 소설의 말미에 다소 급조된 경향이 보인다. 소설은 이전의 베스트셀러 소설처럼 서정성과 감상성을 미감할 수 있는 회상적 구조의 연애서사를 전면화하기에 높은 가독률을 갖는다. 하지만 인간의 순수한 본성에 대한 갈구, 죄와 용서의 문제가 서사 내부에서 인물의 치열한 내적 고민과 행동의 결과물이기 보다는 처해진 현실적 패배로 인해 삶의 방편으로서 구하게 된 차선책이며 이 또한 소설의 말미에서 종교성으로 급전된 양상을 보인다. 그러므로 피상적 의미의 낭만성을 획득한다.

소방공무원 회복탄력성에 대한 연구: 직무스트레스와 직무소진, 직무만족 간 영향관계에서의 조절효과 분석 (A Study on the Resilience of Fire-fighters: Analysis of the Moderating Effect on the Relationship between Job Stress, Job Burnout, and Job Satisfaction)

  • 이재무;김전수
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
    • /
    • 제21권10호
    • /
    • pp.690-701
    • /
    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 소방공무원 직무수행에 영향을 미치는 직무스트레스가 부정적 직무요인인 직무소진, 긍정적 직무요인인 직무만족에 각각 어떠한 영향을 미치며, 이들의 영향관계 속에서 회복탄력성이 조절효과가 있는지 검증함으로써 소방공무원의 관리 전략 기획에 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 분석은 239명의 소방공무원을 대상으로 구조화된 설문조사를 통해 수집된 자료를 회귀분석 함으로써 이루어졌으며, 조절효과는 상호작용항을 산출, 적용하는 방식으로 확인하였다. 분석결과, 소방공무원의 직무스트레스와 직무소진은 낮은 수준, 직무만족은 보통 수준, 회복탄력성은 보통 이상의 수준으로 확인되었다. 또한 회복탄력성은 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었고, 직무스트레스는 직무소진에 통계적으로 의미 있는 수준에서 정적(+) 영향력을, 직무만족에 대해서는 부적(-) 영향력을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 아울러 직무스트레스와 직무소진 간 영향관계에서 충동통제력과 원인분석력이, 직무스트레스와 직무만족 간 영향관계에서 충동통제력이 조절효과가 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 소방공무원 실정에 적합한 다양한 회복탄력성 프로그램의 선제적 적용, 감성역량 제고, 자기성찰을 돕는 코칭 인력 도입 등을 제안하였다.

성인자녀의 부모 동거 현황 및 분석틀의 탐색 (A Study on the Current Situation of Adult Children Cohabiting with Their Parents and an Exploration of the Frame of Analysis)

  • 최연실
    • 가정과삶의질연구
    • /
    • 제32권4호
    • /
    • pp.75-89
    • /
    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to explore whether the phenomenon of both married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society is "unilaterally parasitic" on the child's side, or is "interdependent", characterized by expectation and dependence from the parent's side. As a result of this study possessing the characteristics of theoretic research, the following propensities of parent-dependent adults have been discussed. First of all, it was discovered that the ratio of adult children dependent on and cohabiting with their parents is considerable. Second, parents cohabiting with their adult children have unfavorable sociological features, such as high age, low level of education and income, and lower standards of education and income, compared to parents in normal households. Third, it was found that parent-dependent adults in Korean society maintain a relatively high rate of financial activity and stable employment-based occupation status. Fourth, it was shown that the level of satisfaction on the relationship between parent-dependent adults and their parents was discovered to be high, which is contrastive to the prediction of negative results based on some previous researches. Single adult children's age, their level of education and financial activity status, and their parents' age and level of education were deducted as variables related to the level of satisfaction of the relationship between parents and their children. It seems that the issue of married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society should be approached from various perspectives such as political, economic, socio-cultural and developmental aspects. On the basis of this fundamental awareness and several of the materials, it is pertinent that approaches to both married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with parents in Korean society should be distinguished from approaches to those in Japanese or Western society because it reflects the uniqueness of Korean society. In the phenomenon of married and unmarried adults' cohabiting with their parents in Korean society, there are several factors besides the economic factor, especially the socio-cultural factor that have the characteristics of mutual dependence between parents and their children rather than those of unilateral parasitism, in contrast with the phenomenon in Japanese or Western society. This research was aimed to contribute by establishing basic data for policy making by providing necessary information to treat the issues of instability and anxiety related to families and reflection on the matters of generations and parent-child relationships in current Korean society.

Why Genuine Luxury Brands Are Consumed? Counterfeits? Examining Consumer Identification

  • Suh, Hyunsuk
    • Asia Marketing Journal
    • /
    • 제14권3호
    • /
    • pp.69-102
    • /
    • 2012
  • Owing to increased number of luxury brand users, both genuine and counterfeit luxury product consumption continues to increase every year. Luxury brand is defined as use or display of a particular branded products which brings the ownership prestige apart from its functional utility(Grossmand and Shapiro 1988). Some luxury brands have imitations sold in marketplace due to their popularity. These imitations or counterfeits have been jumping on the bandwagon of the upturn in sales of their originals. The purpose of our study is to understand consumer's underlying motives to consume luxury brands, genuine and or counterfeits. To do this, we propose functional theories of attitudes, decision-making styles, and life attitudes to form the determining causes for different consumption choices of luxury brands: genuine brands, counterfeit brands, both genuine and counterfeit brands, and no consumption on luxury brands types. In proposed causal pathways, we examine moderated effects of socio-psychological factors to further investigate if consumer profiles would exert influences in causal relationships. From the existing theories of functional attitudes: value-expressive and social-adjustive attitudes, we developed and introduced a new measure of rationality-consumptive attitude. From the existing eight decision-making characteristics of consumer styles inventory(CSI), three measures of high-quality, hedonic-shopping, and price-shopping styles were primarily applied in the study along with newly introduced measure of 'high-price' being added, which makes four total. Seven life attitude measures of life purpose, life control, will to meaning, goal seeking, future mean to fulfill, life satisfaction, and religiosity were applied. Finally, such socio-psychological measures as age, gender, marital status, income, and age-gap between couples were assumed to function as moderators. With 430 valid study samples, ages from 20s to 50s, with more females(316) than males(114), with average personal possessions of 5 genuine and 9 counterfeit luxury brands, we conducted questionnaire survey. Results indicated that social-adjustive function is totally disappeared in the relationship due to current social trend of widespread consumptions on both genuine and counterfeit brands which in turn, make consumers feel less special on wearing or carrying them unlike in the past. Self-expressive function and rationality-consumptive functions act as strong catalysts for genuine brand consumption and counterfeit brand consumption, respectively. On consumers' decision-making styles, high-price sublation is the most powerful indicator anticipating counterfeit consumption, even more powerful than personal incomes. In life attitude, the overall model fit was not validated, and only life control and life satisfaction are proven to be significant on both genuine and counterfeit product consumptions. Employment of socio-psychological factors in the model improved understanding of users further. Young consumers tend to go for genuine products over counterfeits. Consumers in different income groups; low, medium and high, all significantly consume genuine products for reasons of different decision-making styles. The results indicated that consumers whose personal disposition is predisposed to consume products in the form of reflection of his or her personality, go only for genuine brands for quality reason, while consumers who rationally consume products for its function or usability, go only for counterfeits for high-price sublation reason. Meanwhile, both product users support for high-price orientation who are not well off.

  • PDF

콘 사토시 작품에서 나타나는 양면성을 지닌 캐릭터의 페르소나 연구 - <퍼펙트 블루>, <망상대리인>, <파프리카>를 중심으로 - (A Study on Persona of Double-sided Characters Shown in Satoshi Kon's Works)

  • 추혜진
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
    • /
    • 통권35호
    • /
    • pp.181-208
    • /
    • 2014
  • 콘 사토시는 양면성이란 모티브에 초점을 맞춰 인간의 근본적인 자아 정체성을 다루며 존재에 대한 성찰을 담아내는 대표적인 애니메이션감독이다. 본 연구는 그의 작품 속의 자아와 또 다른 자아의 결합 방식에 따라 캐릭터의 페르소나, 즉 인격의 가면이 어떻게 드러나며 자기실현을 이루어 나가는지 그 유형을 융의 분석 심리학적 견해를 토대로 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 인간의 가장 외적 인격을 의미하는 페르소나는 자신이 속한 사회 속에서 타인과 지속적인 관계를 맺기 위해 일정한 역할을 수행하는 사회적 행위와 연결된다. 사회적 요구가 많아질수록 개인은 여러 가지 인격의 가면을 쓰고 주어진 역할을 수행하며 외부 환경에 적응해 나간다. 이처럼 페르소나는 외부와 중요한 관계기능의 역할을 담당하게 되는데, 집단의 요구에 지나치게 순응하여 인격의 가면에만 몰입할 경우 의식과 무의식 간의 불균형을 야기하여 개인의 자아 정체성 형성에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그러나 페르소나가 항상 부정적인 요인으로만 작용하는 것은 아니다. 원활한 사회적 역할을 수행하기 위해 적절하게 발달된 페르소나는 내면의 무의식과 외면의 의식 사이에 균형을 이뤄 건강한 자아 정체성을 확립할 수 있도록 돕는다. 이러한 관점에서 의식과 무의식의 상관관계와 결합 유형에 따라 작품 속 캐릭터를 분석함으로써 각 캐릭터의 내면에 숨어있는 가면의 욕망이 어떻게 표면화되어 긍정적 혹은 부정적으로 작용하는지 확인할 수 있다. 이와 더불어 본 연구에서 차용한 심리학적 관점의 분석 방식이 다양한 캐릭터 연구에 유용한 이론적 틀로 활용되기를 바란다.