• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2013

This study analyzed surface-chemical transitions in manufacturing process of traditional acupuncture as proposed method by Dongeuibogam. The manufacturing process of traditional acupuncture from a used iron for a long time was divided by primary medicinal herbs treatment, secondary medicinal herbs treatment and tertiary treatment using by dog meat. The traditional acupuncture research process was measured according to the characteristics and changes of the specimens at each processing step of the manufacturing process. The following devices were used to Surface analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD). As a result, medicinal herbs removed impurities on the surface and raised the antibacterial effect in the manufacturing process of traditional acupuncture. Furthermore, the ingredients of medicinal herbs were coated on the surface of the iron. Dog meat influenced to prevent surface corrosion, reduce friction when the acupuncture was inserted. Although the process empirically obtained, a glimpse of the wisdom of our ancestors was revealed. These ancestral wisdom can be expected to apply today, when used in manufacturing process of a modern stainless steel acupuncture to compensate for the defective part.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.818-828
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• 2016

This paper proposes a reusable design for the merging process used in three-dimensional High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC), which can significantly reduce the implementation complexity by eliminating duplicated module redundancies. The majority of inter-prediction coding tools used in 3D-HEVC are utilized through a merge mode, whose extended merging process is based on built-in integration to completely wrap around the HEVC merging process. Consequently, the implementation complexity is unavoidably very high. To facilitate easy market implementation, the design of a legacy codec should be reused in an extended codec if possible. The proposed 3D-HEVC merging process is divided into the base merging process of reusing HEVC modules and reprocessing process of refining the existing processes that have been newly introduced or modified for 3D-HEVC. To create a reusable design, the causal and mutual dependencies between the newly added modules for 3D-HEVC and the reused HEVC modules are eliminated, and the ineffective methods are simplified. In an application of the proposed reusable design, the duplicated reimplementation of HEVC modules, which account for 50.7% of the 3D-HEVC merging process, can be eliminated while maintaining the same coding efficiency. The proposed method has been adopted as a normative coding tool in the 3D-HEVC international standard.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.703-710
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• 2004

Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1709-1714
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• 2013

Biological and chemical processes in the refining process can include several steps of chromatographic separation processes. Recently, with the development of biotechnology is important to a lot of attention has been paid to the process in Adsorption chromatography for the separation of biological molecules such as proteins. Therefore, in this paper, we have designed and implemented a simulation system for adsorption process modeling. This system appear visualization for simulation result or curve graph according to adsorption process modeling. The development of this system has been developed to focus on the batch adsorption process simulation program, is limited.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

IIoT(Industrial Internet of Thing) means that all manufacturing processes are informed beyond the conventional automation of process automation. The objective of the system is to build an information system based on the data collected from the sensors installed in each process and to maintain optimal productivity by managing and automating each process in real time. Data collected from sensors in each process is unstructured and many studies have been conducted to collect and process such unstructured data effectively. In this paper, we propose a system using Node-RED as middleware for effective big data collection and processing.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2004

Crude corn oil (CCO) was obtained through the expression-extraction process from corn germ. The CCOs of final process at $90^{\circ}C,\;70^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C$ were stored in outdoor storage tanks. From the samples, refined CCO (RCCO) were prepared with $0\%,\;10\%\;and\;20\%$ excessive of phosphoric acid, caustic solution and acidic clay were used in degumming-alkali refining-bleaching process. RCCOs were stored at room temperature in dark places. The color change was not effected by the amount of phosphoric acid, caustic solution and acidic clay, but temperature of process affects the color change. Finally, the prevention for color reversion of RCCO could be obtained by lowering the temperature of final process and optimal temperature of RCCO in summer was found about less than $50^{\circ}C$.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2021

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) contains compounds, such as oxides and chlorides, including large quantities of Zn, Pb and Fe. An efficient and stable method for the extraction of metal elements from EAFD is the Rotary Kiln Process. This method is used to recover Zn in the form of crude ZnO (approximately 60%) via the addition of a reducing agent (coke, anthracite) and limestone (for basicity control) to EAFD. This process is commonly used in industry as well as in research and development. Currently, this method is used in many Korean commercial plants, producing approximately 150,000 tons of Crude ZnO per year. The majority of Zn is found in crude ZnO (approximately 76%). In addition components such as Pb, Cd, Sn, In, Fe, Cl, and F are present as oxides, chlorides, and alkaline compounds. This elements have an adverse effect on the zinc smelting process. Therefore, a refining process that eliminates these impurities is essential. In this study, we developed a process technology that efficiently separates Zn and Pb from byproducts (mainly chlorides). A bag filter was used to collect Zn and Pb generated during the dry purification process of crude ZnO. Pure components were recovered as metals or metal carbonate.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.34-42
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• 2011

A fiber processing method, which might be an alternative for conventional refining process, was introduced. The method consists of repetitive, gentle, mechanical impacts on fibers, followed by fiber uncurling process. This method was very effective for OCC and BCTMP for increasing WRVs (water retention value) while keeping fiber lengths from shortening. For OCC and BCTMP, gentle mechanical impacts on fibers using Hobart mixer increased breaking lengths and tear strengths simultaneously at fast drainage level, and straightening fibers using kady mill increased those strength properties further. For SwBKP and HwBKP, only mechanical impacts using the Hobart mixer were effective on increasing tensile and tear strength at fast drainage, but there were no further increase by kady mill treatment. The strength increases of BCTMP by this alternative fiber processing method were exceptionally high. An extensive engineering development should be followed to actualize this fiber processing mechanism in an energy-effect way.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-170
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• 1998

To investigate the most effective way of cellulase utilization on paper making process and the systematic way of how to combine its components for better use, purified two major cellulase were applied to bleached kraft pulp at various dosage in the refining process and estimated the synergism effect of each components in the characteristics of papermaking fiber. freeness was not changed by $C_1$ Component dosage but strongly increased by Cx Component dosage. Drop in fiber viscosity, increase in WQV, fiber shortening and fine generation was strongly influenced by Cx Component, it seems to be that Cx Component works a hydrogenate that breaks hydrogen bonding in fiber and enhances pooling effect of fiber. $C_1$ Component was little influenced these characteristics of fiber but considered to help to make fiber surface smooth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.433-440
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• 2006

A fiber processing method, which might be an alternative for conventional refining process, was introduced. The method consists of repetitive, gentle, mechanical impacts on fiber, and ensued fiber uncurling process. This method was very effective for OCC and BCTMP for increasing WRVs (water retention value) while keeping fiber lengths from shortening. For OCC and BCTMP, gentle mechanical impacts on fibers using Hobart mixer increased breaking lengths and tear strengths simultaneously at fast drainage level, and straightening fibers using kady mill increased those strength properties further. For SwBKP and HwBKP, only mechanical impacts using the mixer were effective on increasing tensile and tear strength at fast drainage, but not kady mill treatment. The strength increases of BCTMP by this alternative fiber processing method were exceptionally high. An extensive engineering development should be followed to actualize this fiber processing mechanism in an energy-effect way.