• 제목/요약/키워드: Reference daily intake

검색결과 114건 처리시간 0.027초

한국 젊은 성인의 아연 영양 상태가 짠맛 인지와 기호도, 나트륨 섭취 및 혈압에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Zinc Status on Salty Taste Acuity, Salty Taste Preference, Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure in Korean Young Adults)

  • 안은정;노화영;정자용;백희영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.132-140
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    • 2010
  • High sodium intake is one of the risk factors for the development of hypertension. According to 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, sodium intake of Korean was three times higher than adequate intake (1.5 g/day) recommended by Korean Dietary Reference Intakes. High sodium intake is related to high threshold and preference of salty taste. And zinc status is known to affect taste acuity. The hypothesis of this study is that zinc status is associated with salty taste acuity, preference, sodium intake and blood pressure. The subjects included in this study were 50 men and 41 women aged 20-29 y who did not smoke and not take supplements or medications regularly. Dietary intake data for 3 days were collected by 24-h recall for 1 day and dietary record for 2-days. Salty taste acuity and preference were determined by sensory test. Fasting serum concentration of zinc, height, weight, body composition and blood pressure data were collected. Salt taste preference in high zinc intake group ($\geq$ estimated average requirement, EAR; men-8.1 mg/day, women-7 mg/day) was higher than that in low zinc intake group (< EAR). Salty taste preference was inversely correlated with serum zinc concentration in people with low concentration of serum zinc (${\leqq}\;81\;{\mu}g/dL$)(r = -0.3520, p < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure was higher in high sodium intake group than in low sodium intake group (p < 0.05), positively correlated with salty taste preference (r = 0.3866, p < 0.05) in subjects with daily zinc intake below the EAR. We conclude that low zinc status may be related to high salty taste preference and high blood pressure in Korean young adults.

Micronutrients as Supportive Care for Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients; Benefits and Concerns

  • Yoo-Sun Kim;Yuri Kim
    • Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.82-88
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    • 2013
  • Cancer is the first leading cause of death in Korea and the second leading cause of death in the USA. There is extensive research into prevention of cancer and the support of oncology patients with diet or dietary supplements. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have indicated that antioxidants, including beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid, can yield anti-cancer effects in addition to providing protection against oxidative damage. Although many observational studies have shown that consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of some cancers, the results of several large-scale human intervention trials testing the benefits of a single or combined higher-dose of individual micronutrients have been inconsistent. Cancer can cause profound metabolic and physiological changes which may affect patients' nutrient requirements. Although the optimal route of nutrient delivery is through diet, cancer patients often suffer symptoms that disrupt their food intake, including anorexia, premature satiety, altered taste and smell, and changes in bowel mobility. In particular, micronutrient deficits can slow postoperative healing, contribute to depression symptoms, and decrease immune competence. Cancer patients are generally motivated to take dietary supplements to improve responses to treatment and quality of life. The Physician's Health Study II (PHS II) randomized controlled trial reported recently that daily multivitamin supplementation significantly, albeit modestly, reduced the risk of total cancer. Although evidence of multivitamin use benefits is limited in cancer patients, taking dietary supplements with constituents in the range of the recommended daily allowance according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation is generally considered to be safe.

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한국 청소년의 과일 및 채소 섭취와 관련된 인구사회학적 특성 및 식생활 분석: 국민건강영양조사 제7-8기 (2016-2019) 자료 이용 (Analysis of socio-demographic and dietary factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among Korean adolescents: use of data from the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2019))

  • 윤보경;계승희
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.292-306
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    • 2024
  • 본 연구의 목적은 국민건강영양조사 중 제7-8기 (2016-2019) 자료를 활용하여 청소년의 과일 및 채소 섭취실태 및 이에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 특성 및 식생활 관련요인을 탐색하고, 과일 및 채소 섭취에 따라 영양섭취 수준을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 과일 및 채소를 모두 충분히 섭취한 인원은 1.40%이었으며, 모두 충분히 섭취하지 않는 인원의 비율은 79.54%이었다. 청소년의 과일 섭취에 영향을 주는 요인은 성별, 아버지 학력, 어머니 학력, 아침식사 빈도였다. 여자 청소년이 남자 청소년보다, 아버지 학력이 대학교 이상으로 높은 경우, 어머니 학력이 고등학교 이하로 낮은 경우, 아침식사 빈도가 주 3회 이상인 경우 3회 미만인 경우보다 과일을 충분히 섭취하였다. 청소년의 채소 섭취에 영향을 주는 요인은 성별과 가구소득이었다. 남자 청소년이 여자 청소년보다, 가구소득이 상인 경우 가구소득이 하인 경우 보다 채소를 충분히 섭취하였다. 청소년의 과일 및 채소 섭취에 영향을 주는 요인은 아침섭취빈도, 가구소득, 외식, 영양표시 인지 여부였다. 여자 청소년이 남자 청소년보다, 외식을 하루 1회 미만 하는 경우, 가구소득이 하인 경우, 영양표시를 인지하는 경우 과일 및 채소를 충분히 섭취하였다. 청소년의 1일 영양소 섭취량과 1일 영양섭취기준에 대한 영양소 섭취 비율은 과일 또는 채소의 섭취 수준에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 칼슘과 철의 1일 권장량에 대한 섭취비율은 미충족군과 과일충족군에서 낮았으며, 비타민 A와 비타민 C의 1일 권장량에 대한 섭취비율은 미충족군에서 가장 낮았다. 그러나 과일 및 채소충족군은 칼슘과 비타민 A를 제외한 나머지 모든 영양소에서 1일 영양섭취기준의 100% 이상을 섭취하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 청소년이 과일 및 채소를 모두 충분히 섭취하는 경우 거의 모든 영양소의 1일 권장섭취량을 충족한 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 과일 및 채소를 모두 충분히 섭취하는 인원의 비율은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타나 청소년의 과일 및 채소섭취를 장려할 수 있도록 구체적인 영양교육의 방안은 물론 현실적으로 효율적인 영양정책이 도입되어야 함을 시사하고 있다.

The Relation of Body Mass Index to Dietary Intake and Blood Lipid Levels in Korean Adults

  • Jean, Rim;Kim, Chin-Ock;Kang, Soon-Ah;Wee, Hio-Jung
    • Nutritional Sciences
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 1998
  • This study was designed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake, and the relationship between BMI and plasma lipid levels in Korean adults. This study was conducted from January 1 to December 31 of 1997. It consisted of 3781 subjects (men 2402, women : 1379) with the majority between the ages of 40 and 59. The dietary assessment was based upon a twenty-four-hour food record. Subjects were classified into one of four reference BMI groups : underweight ($\leq 20 kg/m^2$), normal (20.1-25.0 kg/$m^2$), overweight (25.1-30.0 kg/$m^2$), and obese (>30 kg/$m^2$). The biochemical assessment included measurements of plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein (a), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The BMI study showed that 60.5% of the men measured were normal and 32.6% of the men were overweight and/or obese subjects. Sixty-four percent of the women were normal and 20.3% of the women measured were overweight and/o. obese subjects. With respect to the daily energy intake of the men and women subjects, the levels of daily energy intake appeared to increase as values of BMI increased. Men of the overweight group had significantly higher protein, fat and cholesterol intake than those of the normal or the underweight groups. The alcohol intake of the men in the overweight group was also significantly higher than that of the men in the underweight group. With respect to percent energy intake of macronutrients, there was no significant difference between the four BMI groups and percent energy intake for all the subjects in the study. The ratio of percent energy intake of carbohydrates : protein : fat : alcohol of the normal women group was 62 : 17 : 20 : 1, respectively. Women apparently had a higher intake of carbohydrates than men (52 : 17 : 19 : 10). With respect to the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C, the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C and TC appeared to increase as the values of BMI increased, while the level of HDL-C appeared to decrease as values of BMI increased. Levels of lipoprotein (a) appeared to be inversely related to the values of BMI, and levels of PAI-1 appeared to increase as values of BMI increased. The results of this study demonstrate that there is a relationship between dietary intake and BMI, and that there is a relationship between BMI and blood lipids levels.

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한국인 식이섬유 섭취 상태의 연차적 추이 $(1991{\sim}2001)$ (Annual Changes in the Estimated Dietary Fiber Intake of Korean during $1991{\sim}2001$)

  • 이혜정;김영아;이혜성
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.549-559
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    • 2006
  • The present study determined the estimated dietary fiber (DF) intake per capita of Korean from 1991 to 2001 and analyzed the major food sources of dietary fiber for Korean using the data on per capita consumption of each food reported in the Korean National (Health and) Nutrition Survey Reports and the recently established DF database by the Korean Nutrition Society. The estimated mean daily DF intakes of Korean during the last 11 years $(1991{\sim}2001)$ were in the range of $19.25{\sim}21.22\;g\;or\;9.97{\sim}11.99\;g/1,000\;kcal$ with a small range of fluctuations. As of 2001, average DF intake per capita of Korean was estimated as 20.92 g or 10.59 g/1,000 kcal. The average DF intake level was under the Adequate Intake for DF (12 g per 1,000 kcal) of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans established in 2005. The level of DF intake was relatively lower in small city residents compared to the large city or rural area. The top two major food group sources of DF for Korean were vegetables and cereals, in addition, legumes, fruits, seaweeds and seasonings were included among top five food groups. The ratio of DF intake from fruits was gradually increased but the ratio from legumes was steadily decreased during the last 11 years. The mostly contributed single foods for DF intakes of Korean were Kimchi and rice regardless of year and area. Percentage of DF intake from top ten single foods was continuously decreased from 65% in 1991 to 51 % in 2001. The results of this study revealed that DF intakes of Korean as of 2001 is insufficient compared to the Adequate Intake for DF for Korean and the source of fiber in Korean diet has been more various. Therefore the beneficial health effects of DF and the increased consumption of DF from a variety of food sources should be continuously emphasized through the nutritional education.

고등학생을 위한 아침급식용 간편식단 개발 (Development of Convenient Menu School Breakfast Program for High School Students)

  • 김정은;지명순
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.343-351
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    • 2013
  • To help reduce the 'breakfast-skip' rate of the high school students and improve such 'breakfast-skipping' practice this study devised a new covenience menu for school breakfast Program. Dictated by a dietitian the form of cooking was rendered within directly-cookable convenient food; The price of menu ranged from 1,500-2,000won taking into account the parents' survey ; the menu formation drew largely from the student food preference survey and their favorites. The composition of menu - the Korean dish and the western dish put together-were of two folds and was based on the two: main menu, subsidiary menu. While main menu used rice, the subsidiary one used fruits, salads, milk, and juices. Energy intake sufficiency standard was set at a level of between 1/4 and 1/3 of the relevent group(mid&high students, 15-18 yrs old)'s approximated energy need, drawn from the Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans(2010). 10 disparate, divised menus were tested deliberately- cooked at a site, thereafter qualifed and supplemented to meet the targeted energy amount. The nuturitional facts of each menu set were measured through the usage of CAN-PRO 3.0, Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program, for professionals. Completed menu set were then given in photograph. The results of this study were as follows : The results of this study were as follows : the newly developed menu's calories and nuturitional content were as follows in the ratio of Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans(2010) : Calories 95.7%(4.3% below the targeted intake standard), Protein(131.1%), Calcium(130.2%) the both of which marked higher than the recommended daily intake, iron(71.0%), Potassium(93.1%) both of which figure lower than the recommended daily intake. The cost of ingredients per each person was 1,335won, which was lower than the targeted cost(1500won). When calculated, hypothetically provided breakfast's labor hour needed per 1 meal is shown to be average 1.2 minute. In conslusion : Convenience style school breakfast program would bring an increse in the intake of high school students' breakfast, which may contribute not only to the sound physical growth but to academic performance. Various developments of the school breakfast program is much needed continually.

한국 연안산 어류의 미네랄 함량 및 영양평가 (Mineral Content and Nutritional Evaluation of Fishes from the Korean Coast)

  • 목종수;이두석;윤호동
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.315-323
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    • 2008
  • To measure the mineral content of fishes, we collected 177 individuals from 53 fish species from the east (Pohang), west (Gunsan), and south (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea. The mean content of the macro mineral in a 100 g sample taken from the edible portion of each fish was (in descending order): P(207.4 mg), K(169.7 mg), Na(101.6 mg), Ca(44.4 mg), and Mg(30.4 mg). In comparison, the mean content of micro mineral in the fishes was (in descending order): Zn ($8.98{\mu}g/g$), Fe ($5.03{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($0.76{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($0.43{\mu}g/g$), and Ni ($0.08{\mu}g/g$). We could not observe clear regional variation in the mineral content of fish species. With regard to minerals considered essential for humans, the amount of Ca per sample (100 g) was the highest in the Scyliorhinus torazame (465.4 mg), and than followed by Ammodytes personatus (338.0 mg), Dasyatis akajei (267.4 mg), Raja kenojei (248.1 mg), Conger myriaster (174.1 mg), Clupanodon punctatus (86.8 mg), Muraenesox cinereus (81.2 mg), and Engraulis japonica (70.4 mg). The daily average intake of the mineral through the fishes consisted of P (100.6 mg), K (82.3 mg), Na (49.3 mg), Mg (14.8 mg), Zn (0.44 mg), Fe (0.24 mg), Cu (0.04 mg) and Mn (0.02 mg). The respective intakes of macro mineral (P, Mg, Na, Ca, K) from the fishes were about 14.4, 4.2, 3.3, 3.1 and 1.8% of the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) set by the Korean Nutrition Society. In comparison, the respective intakes of micro mineral (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) from the fishes were about 4.6, 4.4, 2.4, and 0.6% of the KDRIs.

사회복지시설 아동의 신체발육 및 영양상태 (Anthropometric and Nutrition Status of Institutional Children)

  • 정혜경;장영은
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.3-10
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    • 1999
  • This study was designed to investigate the malnutrition rate with anthropometric indices for the nutrient intake of 74 children aged 4-12 years old in three child welfare institutions in Cheonan city. The average heights and weights of the children are much lower than the Korean average height and weight. The mean BMI is $17.0{\pm}1.53$. In terms of height-for-age, 16.0% of the samples belong to below -2 standard deviation from the mean of the reference group. In terms of weight-for-age, 16.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. In terms of weight-for-height, 4.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. The standard deviation scores(Wt/Age, Ht/Age) indicate negative signs for seventy to eighty percent of the children. This is due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients that children consumed and almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances. Special nutrition welfare policies and programs targcting child welfare institutions should be developed to provide adequate nutrition for children in residential care.

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Comparison of Validity of Food Group Intake by Food Frequency Questionnaire Between Pre- and Post-adjustment Estimates Derived from 2-day 24-hour Recalls in Combination with the Probability of Consumption

  • Kim, Dong-Woo;Oh, Se-Young;Kwon, Sung-Ok;Kim, Jeong-Seon
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.2655-2661
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    • 2012
  • Validation of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) utilising a short-term measurement method is challenging when the reference method does not accurately reflect the usual food intake. In addition, food group intake that is not consumed on daily basis is more critical when episodically consumed foods are related and compared. To overcome these challenges, several statistical approaches have been developed to determine usual food intake distributions. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) can calculate the usual food intake by combining the frequency questions of an FFQ with the short-term food intake amount data. In this study, we applied the MSM to estimate the usual food group intake and evaluate the validity of an FFQ with a group of 333 Korean children (aged 3-6 y) who completed two 24-hour recalls (24HR) and one FFQ in 2010. After adjusting the data using the MSM procedure, the true rate of non-consumption for all food groups was less than 1% except for the beans group. The median Spearman correlation coefficients against FFQ of the mean of 2-d 24HRs data and the MSM-adjusted data were 0.20 (range: 0.11 to 0.40) and 0.35 (range: 0.14 to 0.60), respectively. The weighted kappa values against FFQ ranged from 0.08 to 0.25 for the mean of 2-d 24HRs data and from 0.10 to 0.41 for the MSM-adjusted data. For most food groups, the MSM-adjusted data showed relatively stronger correlations against FFQ than raw 2-d 24HRs data, from 0.03 (beverages) to 0.34 (mushrooms). The results of this study indicated that the application of the MSM, which was a better estimate of the usual intake, could be worth considering in FFQ validation studies among Korean children.

2007~2015 국민건강영양조사를 이용한 고등학생의 가당음료 섭취 수준에 따른 식품군 및 영양 섭취 실태 (Food Group and Dietary Nutrient Intakes by Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Level in Korean High School Students Using the Data from 2007~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)

  • 김선효
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.95-113
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 2007~2015 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 고등학생(만 15~18세, 2,377명)의 가당음료 섭취 수준에 따른 식품군 및 영양소 섭취 실태를 파악하고자 실시하였다. 연도별 음료 섭취량의 변화 추이, 2007~2015 국민건강영양조사의 대상자를 통합하여 가당음료 섭취 수준에 따른 식품군 및 영양소 섭취량, 영양소 섭취 적정도 및 영양불량의 차이를 다중회귀분석이나 𝛘2-test로 검증하였다. 가공 과정에 당류를 넣는 탄산음료(콜라, 사이다, 기타 탄산음료 포함), 스포츠음료, 카페인음료(커피, 에너지 음료, 홍차, 코코아류)를 합하여 가당음료(sugar-sweetened beverage, SSB)로 분류하였다. 24시간 회상법으로 1일간 실시한 1일 가당음료 섭취량에 따라 대상자를 가당음료 1군(SSB 1, 가당음료 섭취량 0 g/d), 가당음료 2군(SSB 2, 0 g/d < 가당음료 섭취량 < 50 백분위수), 가당음료 3군(SSB 3, 가당음료 섭취량 ≥ 50 백분위수)으로 구분하였다. 연구 결과, 연도에 따라 1일 가당음료 섭취량은 남자(p<0.0001), 여자(p=0.0280) 모두 증가하는 추세이었으며, 2007년에 비해 2015년의 증가 정도는 남자 3.3배, 여자 2.1배로 남자가 여자보다 컸다. 음료 종류별로는 탄산음료 섭취량이 가장 많았으며 2007년에 비해 2015년에 남자 2.7배(p<0.0001), 여자 1.6배로 크게 증가하였다. 식품군별 1일 섭취량에서 채소류 섭취량은 남자와 여자 모두 가당음료 1군~가당음료 3군 중 가당음료 3군이 유의적으로 가장 적었으며(p<0.0001), 우유 및 그제품 섭취량은 남자(p<0.0001)에서는 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 유의적으로 감소하였으나 여자에서는 가당음료 3군이 다른 군에 비해 적은 경향이었다. 1일 영양소 섭취량의 섭취기준에 대한 비율은 남녀의 가당음료 1군~가당음료 3군에서 식이섬유가 전체 영양소 중 가장 낮아 21.3±1.1~25.3±1.8% 밖에 되지 않았으며, 칼슘이 49.6±2.5~59.8±3.2%로 두번째로 낮았다. 에너지는 남녀 모두 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 증가하였으며(p<0.0001), 비타민 C는 남자(p<0.0001), 여자(p=0.0382) 모두 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 낮아졌다. 칼슘은 남자(p<0.0001), 여자(p=0.0008) 모두 가당음료 3군이 다른 군보다 낮았다. 에너지/지방과잉섭취자 비율은 남녀에서 모두 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 증가하였으며(p=0.0002), 나트륨 목표섭취량 이상 섭취자 비율은 남자에서 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 증가하였다(p=0.0429). 칼슘부족섭취자 비율은 남녀에서 가당음료 섭취 수준에 따른 차이가 없었으나 가당음료 1군~가당음료 3군에서 85% 이상으로 나타나 매우 높았다. 따라서 고등학생에서 가당음료 섭취가 높아질수록 식품군의 고른 섭취와 영양균형이 결여되는 경향이어서 식품 섭취 다양성 및 영양균형을 위해 가당음료 섭취를 줄이도록 관련 식생활교육과 사회적 지원을 강화하는 것이 필요하다고 하겠다.