• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.542-551
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• 2017

The quality characteristics of velvet antlers obtained from Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) (SDVA), harvested from 63 to 81 d during the velvet antler growth period, were evaluated by investigating the relationships between antioxidant levels; including content, activity, and content/activity ratios, and physical properties; including shear force values, color, and Ca content. The hardness of samples from base velvet antler sections increased, and that the color of these samples tended to become reddish-yellow (redder and more yellow), suggesting that the Ca content in the base section of the sample was not ossified yet. Samples from the upper sections of velvet antler showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) content (3.91 to 1.50 mg/mL, 2.53 to 0.90 mg/mL, and 3.95 to 1.58 mg/mL, respectively) than did samples from the middle and base sections (p<0.05). The activity and content/activity ratios of GPX measured in the upper section were also found to be significantly greater than in the middle and base sections (p<0.05). We further observed that the content and activity of GPX was significantly and negatively correlated with Ca content, shear force values, and the content/activity ratio of this antioxidant (p<0.01). The study findings may serve as a reference index for quality evaluations of velvet antlers of Formosan sambar deer in future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2007

Hydrogen cyanide(HCN), formed from pyrolysis of various nitrogenous compounds such as protein, amino acids and nitrate in tobacco, is present in both the particulate phase and vapor phase of cigarette smoke. Typically the determination of HCN in cigarette smoke has been done through colorimetric and electrochemical techniques, such as fluorescence spectrometry, UV-spectrophotometry (UV), continuous flow analyzer (CFA), capillary GC-ECD and ion chromatography (IC). Most of these techniques are known to be time-consuming and some of them lack specificity or sensitivity. The available results from both our laboratory and reported literatures for 2R4F Kentucky reference cigarette, smoked under ISO condition, show a relatively wide variation ranging from 100 to 120 ug/cig of HCN. Especially, the precision and accuracy of the analytical results of HCN tend to get worse in low tar cigarettes and under intense smoking condition. In this paper, a more optimized analytical methods than previous ones are suggested. This method shows lower detection limit and has improved precision and accuracy, so it is applicable for wide tar level cigarettes under intense smoking condition as well as under ISO smoking condition. Important features of this method are improved sample collection and quantification systems such as the number of trapping units, volume, temperature and type of trapping solution. To avoid volatilization loss of HCN in analyzing mainstream smoke, it is highly recommended that pH values of trapping solutions should be maintained over 11 and cold traps should be used in collecting mainstream smoke.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2009

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was validated for quantitation of cacitriol in human plasma. Calcitriol was immunoextracted with immunocapsules, which contain monoclonal antibodies to calcitriol linked to solid phase particles in suspension with a vitamin D binding protein inhibitor. Calcitrol was eluated and the eluates were evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas. The absorbance of analytes was determined using a microplate reader (reference wavelength 650 nm; measurement wavelength 450 nm). The method was specific and sensitive enough to detect as low as 6.5 pmol/L of calcitriol. Linear calibration range was 6.5-491 pmol/L with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The overall accuracy was in the range of 83.8 to 111.2% and precision C.V. (%) 0.99 to 8.47%. The recovery was approximately 100% and stability was confirmed during storage and sample preparation. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by baseline subtraction because calcitriol is an endogenous material. Following oral dose of calcitriol, the mean AUC$_{24h}$ was 1038${\pm}$539 pmol/Lhr and C$_{max}$ of 128${\pm}$63.1 pmol/L was reached at 3.50${\pm}$1.07 hr. The mean t$_{1/2}$ of calcitriol was 5.13${\pm}$2.10 hr. The present EIA method was successfully applied to study bioavailability after oral administration of 2 ${\mu}$g of calcitriol in healthy Korean subjects.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.354-365
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• 2016

Objectives: Studies that reported the association between diet quality/nutritional intake status and mortality have rarely used long-term follow-up data in Asian countries, including Korea. This study investigated the association between the risk of mortality (all-cause and cause-specific) and the diet quality/nutritional intake status using follow-up 12-year mortality data from a nationally representative sample of South Koreans. Methods: 8,941 individuals who participated in 1998 and 2001 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were linked to mortality data from death certificates. Of those individuals, 1,083 (12.1%) had died as of December, 2012. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relative risks of mortality according to the level of diet quality and intakes of major nutrients. Indicators for diet quality index and nutritional intake status were assessed using MAR (mean adequacy ratio) and energy and protein intake level compared with the 2010 Korean DRI. Results: Higher diet quality/nutritional intake status were associated with lower mortality; the mortality risk (95% confidence interval) from all-cause of lowest MAR group vs highest was 1.66 (1.27 to 2.18) among ${\geq}30$ year old, and 1.98 (1.36 to 2.86) among 30~64 year old individuals. Those with below 75% of energy and protein intake of Korean DRI had higher mortality risks of all-cause mortality compared to the reference group. Diet quality/nutritional intake status was inversely associated with mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Conclusions: Poor Diet quality/nutritional intake status were associated with a higher risk of mortality from all-cause and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer among South Korean adults.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2003

In this paper, a classifier of urine analysis system was designed using preprocessing and fuzzy algorithm. Preprocessing were processed by normalizing data of strip using calibration curve composed of achromatic colors value and by calculating three stimulus. FUZZY classifier capable of analyzing a qualitative concentration of test items was composed of fuzzifier by gaussian shaped membership function, inference of MIN method, and defuzzifier of centroid method through verification by measuring standard solution and by classifying concentration classes. After tuning membership function according to relating standard solution with urinalysis sample, the possibility to adapt classifier designed for urine analysis system near a bed was verified as classifying measured urinalysis samples and observing classified result. Of all test items, experimental results showed a satisfactory agreement with test results of reference system.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-77
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• 2000

There are increasing interest and need for information on health care consumer with the significance of hospital marketing and strategic planning being increasingly emphasized. This study was conducted to investigate the criteria for selection of medical facilities according to the characteristics of cataract patient. In order to investigate the major factors affecting selection of medical facilities by cataract patient, 300 subjects of cataract patients who was operated at 5 various medical care facilities were selected. Questionnaires are given on March, 2000 and 273 questionnaires were collected. Two types of hospitals(Eye Hospital and University hospital) were combined and analyzed. The main results of this research is as following; 1. In general characteristics of the patients, the variables shown statistically a significant difference between Eye Hospital and University Hospital; The6 educational level and average income are significantly higher in University Hospital Patient. 2. University Hospitals were preferred by the factors of social relationship, social reputation. The critical factors in reference for Eye hospital were kindness, service speed and convenience. This study can be used as a baseline data for marketing planning of hospital management. But the study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size and not being able to reflect demographic variables and life style. Further studies to investigate the hospital consumer behavior will be needed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 1987

The physicochemical properties and characteristics of potato starches which were isolated from the six varieties were investigated. The ash content of starch prepared from the Arkula showed lower than that of the other five samples. The shapes of starch granules were oval and round, and the average diameters were in the range of $25{\sim}26.9$ microns. The main constituents of the inorganic components of each starch sample were found to be phosphorus and potassium. The amylose contents of starches were between $27.2{\sim}32%$, and blue value, alkali numbers were in the range of $0.42{\sim}0.45$ and $5.8{\sim}7.7$, respectively. Amylograph data revealed that Nook Sack had the highest viscosity at all reference points. The swelling power and solubility patterns were negligible until $50^{\circ}C$, thereafter it increased rapidly.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-194
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between time-income availability and health-promoting behavior (physical practice, smoking, alcohol consumption) of older males (55-69). This study attempted to shed light on health-behavior changes during the transition period of male retirement. The availability of time resources was examined by addressing the amount of weekly paid labor hours. The availability of financial resources was calculated by using the debt-income ratio. The study sample comprised 1,372 (age range 55-69) male respondents of the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006 KLOSA wave 1). The results of CHAID (CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis uncovered four distinctive combinations of resource types: time-money poor, time rich, money rich, time-money rich. According to logit results, these four groups had different socio-demographic profiles and different health-behavior risks. The time-money poor males were unlikely to perform physical activities needed to improve their health or to quit smoking or alcohol consumption. This group was also more likely to consume alcohol compared to the time-money resource types. In contrast, the time-money rich group was more likely to exercise longer and more frequently than the reference group (time and money poor). The time-rich types, those who have time-only resources and less money, were likely to be smokers and have problems with alcohol consumption.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

Recently, significant contamination problems by residual chemicals have occasionally been occurred from major rivers and drinking water in Korea. Therefore, the management for use of them and risk assessment should be more strictly performed. In this study, we have analyzed trihalomethanes in treated water samples taken from water plants located in the region of four major rivers (i.e. Han river, Geum river, Youngsan river and Nakdong river) in Korea for eight years (1997～2004). From the data, we could assess the excess cancer risk by calculating the chronic daily intakes (CDI) multiplied by individual oral slope factors, Q₁＊, for the cancer suspected matters such as trihalomethanes, moreover the hazard index which is calculated by dividing the CDI by the acceptable daily reference dose (R/sub f/D) was determined for the risk assessment. As a result, in the case of 95 percentile excess cancer risk, it was shown that the excess cancer risk for dichlorobromomethane in the Nakdong river region is highest among the tested samples as 8.73 x 10/sup -6/. The 95 percentile total hazard index (the sum of individual hazard indices considering R/sub f/D), in addition, was below 1.0 for all samples, and therefore it was assessed that water samples taken from treatment plants of four major rivers are not harmful.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for orthopedic and dental implants for their superior mechanical properties, low modulus, excellent corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. In this study, corrosion behaviors of nanotube formed on the bone plate of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for dental use have been investigated. $TiO_2$ nanotubes were formed on the dental bone plates by anodization in $H_3PO_4$ containing 0.6 wt % NaF solution at $25^{\circ}C$. Electrochemical experiments were performed using a conventional three-electrode configuration with a platinum counter electrode and a saturated calomel reference electrode. Anodization was carried out using a scanning potentiostat (EG&G Co, Model 263A USA), and all experiments were conducted at room temperature. The surface morphology was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDS). The corrosion behavior of the dental bone plates was examined using potentiodynamic test(potential range of -1500~2000 mV) in a 0.9% NaCl solution by potentiostat (EG&G Co, PARSTAT 2273. USA). The inner diameter of nanotube was about 150~180 nm with wall thickness of about 20 nm. The interspace of nanotube to nanotube was 50 nm. The passive region of the nanotube formed bone plates showed the broad range compared to non-nanotube formed bone plates. The corrosion surface of sample was covered with corrosion products.