• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2001

In this paper, a new method for calculating the penalty factors of all generators including the slack bus is presented. A simple transposition of the angle reference, from the conventional slack bus to another bus where no generation exists, enables the derivation of the loss sensitivity of the slack bus. Penalty factors are obtained without any physical assumption through a simple substitution of the bus loss sensitivities. Penalty factors calculated by proposed method are not dependent on reference bus and can also be directly substituted into the general ELD equation for computing the optimal dispatch. Equations for loss sensitivities, Penalty factors and ELD are calculated simultaneously in normal power flow computation. A case study on a test system has proved the effectiveness of the proposed' angle reference transposition' method.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 1998

The present paper examines the thermal and flow characteristics of a parallel flow heat exchanger and investigates the effects of the parameters on thermal performance by defining the flow nonuniformity. Thermal performance of a parallel flow heat exchanger is maximized by the optimization using Newton's searching method. The flow nonuniformity is chosen as an object function. The parameters such as the locations of separator, inlet, and outlet are expected to have a large influence on thermal performance of a parallel flow heat exchanger. The effect of these parameters are quantified by flow nonuniformity. The results show that the optimal locations of inlet and outlet are 19.73 mm and 10.9 mm, respectively. It is also shown that the heat transfer increases by 7.6% and the pressure drop decreases by 4.7%, compared to the reference model.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2015

In this research, low fidelity air/heat load analysis was conducted for the intake of high speed vehicle. For air/heat load calculations, aerodynamic properties at the surface and the boundary layer edge were estimated using Taylor-Maccoll equation for conical flow, shockwave relation and Prandtl-Meyer expansion equation for internal and external flow. Couette flow assumption and Reynolds analogy were used in order to calculate convective heat transfer coefficient. In order to calculate skin friction coefficient for heat transfer coefficient analysis, Van Driest method II and Reference Enthalpy method were considered. An axis symmetric SCRAMJET model was selected as a reference configuration for verifying the proper implementation of the present method. Comparison of the results using the present method and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis showed that the present method is valuable for efficiently providing pressure and heat loads for air-intake structure design of the high speed air vehicle.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2014

This paper describes performance enhancement of a regenerative blower used for a 20 kW fuel cell system. Two design variables, bending angle of an impeller and blade thickness of an impeller tip, which are used to define an impeller shape, are introduced to enhance the blower performance. Internal flow of the regenerative blower has been analyzed with three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations to obtain the blower performance. General analysis code, CFX, is introduced in the present work. SST turbulence model is employed to estimate the eddy viscosity. Throughout the numerical analysis, it is found that the thickness of impeller tip is effective to increase the blower efficiency in the present blower. Pressure is successfully increased up to 2.8% compared to the reference blower at the design flow condition. And efficiency is also enhanced up to 2.98 % compared to the reference one. It is noted that low velocity region disturbs to make strong recirculation flow inside the blade passages, thus increases local pressure loss. Detailed flow field inside the regenerative blower is also analyzed and compared.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.229-241
• /
• 1989

The purposes of this study were to develop an electronic-hydraulic draft control system for tractor implements, to investigate the control performance of the system and the possibility of adaptation to the conventional tractor. Experiments were carried out to investigate the responses of the system to the step and sinusoidal inputs in draft control. The effects of control mode, hydraulic flow rate, reference deadband, and proportional constant on control performance of the system were investigated. Moreover, the effects of filtering signals from draft sensor were also investigated. The following conclusions were derived from the study; 1. In draft control, there were hunting problems in controlling the implement without filtering the draft signals. Filtering was performed by a control program of electronic controller and the control performance and stability of the system were improved significantly. 2. For the draft control system operated on on-off control mode, draft was controlled within ${\pm}27-{\pm}55kg_f$ to the reference draft when the hydraulic flow rates were 5-15 l/min. For the draft control system operated on PWM control, draft was controlled within ${\pm}27kg_f$ to the reference draft regardless of hydraulic flow rates. 3. In the frequency responses of the draft control system, control performance on PWM control mode was not better than on on-off control mode because of characteristics of hydraulic valve and drafe sensor. As the hydraulic flow rates increased for the system operated on on-off control mode, the corner frequency of amplitude attenuation increased, but the corner frequency of phase-angle change remained nearly the same. But, the system was unstable beyond the frequency of 3.1 rad/s. 4. The electronic-hydraulic hitch control system developed in this study showed superior control performance, stability and convenience compared to conventional mechanical-hydraulic hitch control system. It is considered to be a superior replacement for the conventional mechanical-hydraulic hitch control system.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2011

Active power control scheme for distributed generation in microgrid consists of feeder flow control and unit power control. Feeder flow control is more useful than the unit power control for demand-side management, because microgrid can be treated as a dispatchable load at the point of common coupling(PCC). This paper presents detailed descriptions of the feeder flow control scheme for the hybrid system in microgrid. It is divided into three parts, namely, the setting of feeder flow reference range for stable hybrid system operation, feeder flow control algorithm depending on load change in microgrid and hysteresis control. Simulation results using the PSCAD/EMTDC are presented to validate the inverter control method for a feeder flow control mode. As a result, the feeder flow control algorithm for the hybrid system in microgrid is efficient for supplying continuously active power to customers without interruption.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.640-651
• /
• 2000

For the heat and fluid flow analyses of a parallel flow heat exchanger, an improved model considering the effect of flat tube with micro-channels is proposed. The effect of flow distribution on the thermal performance of a heat exchanger is numerically investigated. The flow distribution is examined by varying geometrical parameters, i.e., the position of the separators and the inlet/outlet, and the aspect ratio of micro-channels of the heat exchanger. The flow nonuniformities along the paths of the heat exchanger are proposed and observed to evaluate the thermal performance of the heat exchanger. The optimization using ALM method has been accomplished by minimizing the flow nonuniformity. It is found that the heat transfer rate of the optimized model is increased by 6.0% of that of the reference heat exchanger model, and the pressure drop by 0.4%

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.265-278
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 국내에서 서식하는 외래어종인 배스와 블루길을 대상으로 소상능력 실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 대상 어류의 크기에 따라 4개 그룹으로 구분한 후 각 그룹별 4단계 유속에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 분석방법은 유속에 따라 기준선을 통과하는 개체 수를 영상촬영을 이용해 분석하였으며 어류의 유영 및 소상 가능정도를 육안으로 관찰하였다. 또한 고유속 급류로 인해 5분 내 하류로 내려오면 기준선 통과 개체 수에서 제외하였으며 유속은 좌안, 우안, 중앙에서 측정하여 평균값을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 어종 및 개체 크기에 상관없이 유속이 빠를수록 소상하는 외래어종은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 어종별 비교 결과 배스의 소상능력이 블루길보다 높게 나타났으나 개체 크기를 고려하면 차이는 크지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 소상 후 급류로 인해 하류로 밀려 내려오는 경우를 제외하고 실험오차를 고려하면 외래어종이 소상 가능한 한계속도는 1.11 m/s 이상인 것으로 판단된다. 실험 결과는 고유속 흐름을 이용한 어류 차단과 외래어종의 관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능하며 향후 고유속에서 기준선을 통과하는 어류가 돌발속도에 의한 것인지 순항속도에 의한 것인지 판단하기 위해서는 지속적인 실험과 검증 및 모니터링이 필요하다. 또한 외력에 의한 반응 및 유량에 의한 압력 차이 등을 고려한 어류의 반응검토도 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권2B호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 한강 수계의 주요 지천별 어류 서식환경을 고려한 필요유량을 산정하기 위하여 어류서식처 환경평가방법의 한가지인 유지유량 증분 방법론(IFIM)을 적용하였으며 어류의 미시서식처 조건을 만족하는 적정 필요유량을 산정하기 위하여 물리적 서식처모의 시스템(PHABSIM)를 이용하였고, 어류의 거시서식처 조건을 만족하는 적정 필요유량을 산정하기 위해서 QUAL2E 모형에 의한 수질모의를 시도하였다. 물리적 서식처모의 시스템을 한강수계에 적용하기 위하여 구간별 대표 어종의 성장단계별 서식처 적합도기준(Habitat Suitability Criteria)을 현장조사에 의한 어류채집을 통하여 수심 및 유속에 대하여 각각 작성하였다. 유지유량 증분 방법론을 한강수계에 적용하는 과정에서 산정결과에 대한 토의와 함께 적용상의 문제점에 대하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 한강수계의 하천유지유량을 결정하는데 중요한 지표로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.411-416
• /
• 1999

A new kind of differential flow induced chemical wave is introduced by theoretical calculation. A differential flow between the counter acting species of a dynamical activator-inhibitor system may destabilize its homogeneous reference state and cause the medium to self-organize into a pattern of travelling waves through the differential flow instability (DIFI). In a chemical system, also, the differential bulk flow may change the dynamics of the system, thus it has been refered to as the differential flow induced chemical instability (DIFICI). For DlFICI experiments, one directional flow has been commonly employed, resulting in periodic wave patterns generally. In this study, we considered two directional flow for the DIFICI wave by exchanging artificially the flow direction at some period.