• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.282-292
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 폐루프 고속 전력 제어를 수행하여 WCDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) 역방향 링크 수신기 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 고속 전력 제어를 수행하기 위해서는 기지국에서 SIR(Signal to Interference power Ratio)이 정확히 측정되어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 간단한 구조를 갖는 SIR 측정 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 구조는 미사용 OVSF(Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) 부호를 이용하여 간섭 전력을 측정하는 새로운 방식이다. 본 논문에서 제안된 SIR 측정 알고리즘과 참고 문헌 ［1］에 제시된 기존외 SIR 측정 알고리즘을 폐루프 고속 전력 제어에 적용하여 성능을 비교하였다. 동기 데이터 복조를 수행하기 위한 채널 추정 알고리즘으로는 Κ=2인 WMSA (Weighted Multi-Slot Averaging) 채밀 추정 필터를 적용하였다. 모의 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 SIR 측정 방식이 평균 BER 10/sup -3/관점에서 수신 Ε/sub b//Ι/sub 0/를 최대 0.9㏈ 감소시킬 수 있으며 다중 경로 수가 증가할수록 그리고 페이딩 속도가 더 빨라질수록 성능 차이는 더욱 커진다는 것을 제시하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1967

Outward movement of hemoglobin and $K^+$ ion across rabbit erythrocyte membrane after heating, cooling and in acid medium was studied. One milliliter of rabbit blood was centrifuged and packed red cells were obtained. Packed red cells were resuspended by addition of 4 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution and were subjected to heating $(57^{\circ}C\;for\;5\;minutes)$ or cooling $(-4^{\circ}C{\sim}-8^{\circ}C\;of\;-10^{\circ}C{\sim}-11^{\circ}C\;for\;10\;minutes) $. For acid medium experiment packed ref cells were resuspended by addition of 4 ml of acid medium of PH 4.5 consisting of 0.01% glacial acetic acid in 0.85% NaCl solution and kept standing for 10 minutes. All red cell suspensions were centrifuged again and packed red cells were separated. This packed red cells were again suspended in 4 ml of NaCl solution of 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, and 0.5% concentration respectively and kept standing for 20 minutes. The concentration of hemoglobin and $K^+$ in the supernatant of the above red cell suspensions were measured and the following results were obtained. 1. Outward movement of hemoglobin and $K^+$ was greatest in red cells subjected to heating. The movement paralled to the osmolal concentration gradient between extra- and intra-cellular phase of red cells. 2. In acid medium the outflux of hemoglobin and $K^+$ increased as compared to the control. 3. In red cells subjected to the cold of $-10^{\circ}C{\sim}-11^{\circ}C$ the outflux of hemoglobin and $K^+$ increased. Whereas in the environment of $-4^{\circ}C{\sim}-8^{\circ}C$ there was no change in the outflux of $K^+$. The he-moglobin outflux showed rather a decreased as compared to tile control.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

본 논문은 1993년 대한조선학회 논문집(제30권 제4호)에 제출했던 논문인 "선급 강선규칙의 설계 파랑하중 산식 개발(I)" 에 이은 후속편이다. 한국 선급에 입급된 다양한 선종의 17척 선박을 선정하여 잘 알려진 Strip Theory를 이용한 선박의 내항 성능을 계산하고 단기예측과 장기예측의 통계해석을 수행하였다. 이의 결과들을 가지고 선박의 초기설계시 이용 가능한 주요 요목들(선박의 길이, 폭, 깊이, 흘수 등)만을 이용하여 선형 회귀 분석법을 통하여 설계자들이 이용 가능하도록 파랑하중에 관한 설계산식을 개발하였다. (I)편에 이어 본 논문에서는 첫째, 만재흘수선 상부 및 노출 갑판에 작용하는 파랑 압력에 관한 설계 산식을 제안하였으며 둘째, 선체 임의의 위치에서 사용할 병진운동 가속도와 회전 운동 가속도의 설계 산식을 제안하고 다른 선급 규칙과 비교하였으며, 마지막으로 선체 탱크내에 액체화물이나 건화물이 적재되었을 경우 요구되는 국부구조 설계 하중에 대한 산식을 제안하였다.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2018

In order to precisely assess gene expression levels, the suitable internal reference genes must be served to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. For armyworm, Mythimna separata, which reference genes are suitable for assessing the level of transcriptional expression of target genes have yet to be explored. In this study, eight common reference genes, including ${\beta}$-actin (${\beta}$-ACT), 18 s ribosomal (18S), 28S ribosomal (28S), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), elongation fator-alpha ($EF1{\alpha}$), TATA box binding protein (TBP), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), and alpha-tubulin (${\alpha}$-TUB) that in different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments of M. separata were evaluated. To further explore whether these genes were suitable to serve as endogenous controls, three software-based approaches (geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder), the delta Ct method, and one web-based comprehensive tool (RefFinder) were employed to analyze and rank the tested genes. The optimal number of reference genes was determined using the geNorm program, and the suitability of particular reference genes was empirically validated according to normalized HSP70, and MsepCYP321A10 gene expression data. We found that the most suitable reference genes for the different experimental conditions. For developmental stages, 28S/RPL7 were the optimal reference genes, both $RPL7/EF1{\alpha}$ were suitable for experiments of different tissues, whereas for insecticide treatments, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were suitable for normalizations of expression data. In addition, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were the suitable reference genes because they have the most stable expression among different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments. Our work is the first report on reference gene selection in M. separata, and might serve as a precedent for future gene expression studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to assess utility of $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity as a surrogate marker for genomic integration of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (hrHPV). A total of 29 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 27 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 53 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), histologically-diagnosed between 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2008 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were stained for $p^{16INK4a}$ (CINtec Histology Kit (REF 9511, mtm laboratories AG, Heidelberg, Germany). Immunopositvity was defined as diffuse staining of the squamous cell cytoplasm and or nucleus (involving > 75% of the intraepithelial lesions or SCCs). Staining of basal and parabasal layers of intraepithelial lesions was pre-requisite. One (3.4%) LSIL, 24 (88.9%) HSIL and 46 (86.8%) SCC were $p^{16INK4a}$ immunopositive. All normal squamous epithelium did not express $p16^{INK4a}$. $p16^{INK4a}$ expression was significantly lower (p<0.05) in LSIL compared with HSIL and SCC with no difference in expression between HSIL and SCC. The increased $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity in HSIL and SCC appears in line with the integrated existence of the hrHPV and may provide more insightful information on risk of malignant transformation of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions than mere hrHPV detection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4405-4409
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• 2014

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules, are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, and can damage nucleic acids and proteins, thereby altering their functions. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants. A shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed as "oxidative stress". Paradoxically, there is a large body of research demonstrating the general effect of oxidative stress on signaling pathways, less is known about the initial and direct regulation of signaling molecules by ROS, or what we term the "oxidative interface." This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROS directly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and survival (MAP kinases and PI3 kinase), ROS homeostasis, and antioxidant gene regulation (Ref-1 and Nrf-2). This review also deals with classification as well as mechanisms of formation of free radicals, examining their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities and focusing on the potential role of antioxidants in preventing and repairing damage caused by oxidative stress. A discussion of the role of phytochemical antioxidants in oxidative stress, disease and the epigenome is included.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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• pp.407-411
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• 2005

KUGI (Korean UniGene Information) database contains the annotation information of the cDNA sequences obtained from the disease samples prevalent in Korean. A total of about 157,000 5'-EST high throughput sequences collected from cDNA libraries of stomach, liver, and some cancer tissues or established cell lines from Korean patients were clustered to about 35,000 contigs. From each cluster a representative clone having the longest high quality sequence or the start codon was selected. We stored the sequences of the representative clones and the clustered contigs in the KUGI database together with their information analyzed by running Blast against RefSeq, human mRNA, and UniGene databases from NCBI. We provide a web-based search engine fur the KUGI database using two types of user interfaces: attribute-based search and similarity search of the sequences. For attribute-based search, we use DBMS technology while we use BLAST that supports various similarity search options. The search system allows not only multiple queries, but also various query types. The results are as follows: 1) information of clones and libraries, 2) accession keys, location on genome, gene ontology, and pathways to public databases, 3) links to external programs, and 4) sequence information of contig and 5'-end of clones. We believe that the KUGI database and search system may provide very useful information that can be used in the study for elucidating the causes of the disease that are prevalent in Korean.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권12호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

본 논문은 멀티레벨을 갖는 PoRAM 셀의 데이터를 센싱하는 기법에 관하여 제안하였다. PoRAM은 유기물질을 사용한 단위 셀의 상,하단 전극에 전압을 가했을 때 나타나는 저항 상태의 변화로 셀 데이터를 구분하는 메모리 소자이다. 특히 한 셀당 최대 4 레벨의 안정된 저항 값을 가지므로 멀티레벨 셀로 활용이 가능하다. 따라서 멀티레벨의 센싱을 위해 어드레스 디코딩 방법, 센스 앰플리파이어, 이를 위한 제어 신호 등을 새롭게 제안하였다. 센스 앰플리파이어는 셀에 흐르는 전류를 입력 값으로 받아 설정된 기준 전류($I_{REF}$)와 비교하는 전류 비교기를 기본으로 구성되며 전류를 증폭하기 위해 낮은 입력 임피던스를 갖도록 설계되었다. 제안된 기법에 의해 설계된 회로는 $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정 라이브러리를 사용하여 설계되었고, 이를 사용함으로써 단위 셀에 흐르는 서로 다른 4 가지 전류 값이 각각 데이터 "00", "01", "10", "11"으로 정확히 센싱 되는 것을 검증하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.643-648
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• 1993

표준온도 상당시간을 이용하여 규칙적인 온도변화 조건에서 식품의 품질변화를 간편하게 예측하는 근사식의 유효성을 밝히기 위하여, 비등온 가속조건 및 상온저장 조건에서 Sucrose 가수분해속도를 측정한 설험자료로 비교, 분석을 분석하였다. 정속가열 (定速加熱) 가속(加速)실험을 통해 구한 sucrose의 가수분해 반응은 1차 반응이고, 활성화에너지는 25.84kcal/mol이었으며, 반응속도상수는 pH가 감소함에 따라 직선적으로 증가하였다. 하루 동안의 온도변화를 sine wave 형태 온도변화로 가정하고 하루 동안에 일어난 품질변화를 표준온도 $T_{ref}$에서 몇일 동안에 일어난 변화에 상당하는가를 의미하는 표준온도 상당시간 $T_{eq.i}$를 이용하여 품질변화를 근사적으로 간단히 예측하는 방법을 제안하였다. Sucrose 액체 모델 시스템을 sine wave 형태의 규칙적인 온도변화 조건에서의 가속 가수분해실험 결과와 $T_{eq.i}$를 이용하여 품질변화를 computer simulation한 결과, 실험값과 예측값과의 상관계수는 0.99로서 잘 일치하였으므로 표준온도상당시간을 이용한 예측 모델의 유효함을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라 sucrose 모델 시스템을 실제 상온 저장한 실험결과와 계절적 온도변화를 computer simulation하여 예측한 값과는 상관계수가 0.92로서 잘 일치하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.519-523
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• 2013

When atomic layer deposition (ALD) is performed on a porous material by using an organometallic precursor, minimum exposure time of the precursor for complete coverage becomes much longer since the ALD is limited by Knudsen diffusion in the pores. In the previous report by Min et al. (Ref. 23), shrinking core model (SCM) was proposed to predict the minimum exposure time of diethylzinc for ZnO ALD on a porous cylindrical alumina monolith. According to the SCM, the minimum exposure time of the precursor is influenced by volumetric density of adsorption sites, effective diffusion coefficient, precursor concentration in gas phase and size of the porous monolith. Here we modify the SCM in order to consider undesirable adsorption of byproduct molecules. $TiO_2$ ALD was performed on the cylindrical alumina monolith by using titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$) and water. We observed that the byproduct (i.e., HCl) of $TiO_2$ ALD can chemically adsorb on adsorption sites, unlike the behavior of the byproduct (i.e., ethane) of ZnO ALD. Consequently, the minimum exposure time of $TiCl_4$ (~16 min) was significantly much shorter than that (~71 min) of DEZ. The predicted minimum exposure time by the modified SCM well agrees with the observed time. In addition, the modified SCM gives an effective diffusion coefficient of $TiCl_4$ of ${\sim}1.78{\times}10^{-2}\;cm^2/s$ in the porous alumina monolith.