• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.330-333
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• 2009

Alveolar bone resorption after extraction impairs the necessary bone volume and complicates the case for implant surgery and aesthetic implant prosthesis. Immediate implant surgery after extraction decreases the number of surgical procedures and the duration of treatment, while allowing minimum alveolar bone resorption and preserving the residual bone volume. Although immediate implant holds many advantages such as preservation of hard and soft tissue around the extraction socket, greater implant survival rate and higher patient satisfaction, various complications and high failure rate are discouraging factors for the clinicians. In this case report, severe alveolar bone resorption with soft tissue changes were predicted after the extraction of prolonged retained deciduous incisors and impacted maxillary canines and thus decided on immediate implant procedure. Immediate implant surgery after extraction was carried out with minimal bone reduction and tapered wide-neck implant to establish initial stability. Simultaneous bone graft was done by filling the defect area with iliac cancellous bone with additional onlay-type bone graft and absorbable membrane on the labial bone for upper lip support. A stable and esthetic result was obtained with shortened treatment period.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.330-337
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• 2003

This is a retrospective study on the care of odontogenic infections in admission patients with major bleeding disorders. The study was based on a series of 514 patients treated at Dong San Medical Center, Wonju Christian Hospital and Il San Health Insurance Hospital, from Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2002. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The cardiovascular disease was the most frequent cause of the systemic diseases with major bleeding disorders, and liver disease, cerebrovascular disease and renal failure were next in order of frequency. But, there was the most frequent dental consultation in the liver disease, owing to the many odontogenic infectious diseases. 2. Male prediction (66.3%) was almost existed in the odontogenic infectious patients with major bleeding disorders. But, there was slight female prediction (53.4%) in the cardiovascular disease. 3. The most common age group of the odontogenic infectious patients with major bleeding disorders was the fifty decade(27.2%), followed by the forty, sixty & thirty decade in order. 4. In the contents of chief complaints on the odontogenic infectious patients with major bleeding disorder, peak incidence was occurred as toothache (42.2%), followed by intraoral bleeding, ulcer pain, dental extraction in order. 5. In the diagnosis group of odontogenic infectious diseases, periodontitis, pulpitis and periapical abscess were more common. 6. In the treatment group of odontogenic infectious diseases, the most frequent incidence(44.2%) was showed in primary endodontic drainage(pulp extirpation, occlusal reduction & canal opening drainage) and followed by the incision & drainage, the medications & oral hygiene instruction, scaling, indirect pulp capping in order.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2011

Self-healing materials are a class of smart materials that have the structurally incorporated ability to repair damage caused by mechanical usage over time. A material (polymers, ceramics, metals, etc.) that can intrinsically correct damage caused by normal usage could lower production costs of a number of different industrial processes through longer part lifetime, reduction of inefficiency over time caused by degradation, as well as prevent costs incurred by material failure. The recent announcement from Nissan on the commercial release of scratch healing paints for use on car bodies has gained public interest on such a wonderful property of materials. This article is a second part of healing materials dealing with inorganic engineering materials such as metals, ceramics, and concrete. The healing mechanisms developed for the inorganic materials are to be discussed with the future prospect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1317-1324
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• 2014

The immune system protects the body against harmful substances and infectious agents. Normally, the body can maintain a state of immune homeostasis. However, failure of immune homeostasis results in severe diseases when the immune system is defective. We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Curcuma longa L. extract in LP-BM5 MuLV (murine leukemia viruses)-induced murine AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Mice were divided into six groups: normal control, infected control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection), positive control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of red ginseng 200 mg/kg), CL50 (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract 50 mg/kg), CL200 (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract 200 mg/kg), and CL500 (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract 500 mg/kg). We found that dietary supplementation with Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract inhibited elevation of spleen, lymph node, and liver weights as well as reduction of T- and B-cell proliferation and natural killer cell activity induced by LP-BM5 MuLV infection. Moreover, Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract inhibited Th1 (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$)/Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine imbalance and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion, these data suggest that Curcuma longa L. has immunomodulatory effects in LP-BM5 MuLV-induced murine AIDS.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.544-549
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• 2009

Failure to use effective methods of reduction, fixation and immobilization may lead to osteomyelitis with the exposed necrotic bone, as the overzealous use of transosseous wires & plates that devascularizes bone segments in the compound comminuted fractures of mandible. Once osteomyelitis secondary to fractures has become established, intermaxillary fixation should be instituted as early as possible. Fixation enhances patient comfort and hinders ingress of microorganisms and debris by movement of bone fragments. Teeth and foreign materials that are in the line of fracture should be removed and initial debridement performed at the earliest possible time. Grossly necrotic bone should be excised as early as possible ; no attempt should be made to create soft tissue flaps to achieve closure over exposed bone. The key to treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible is adequate and prolonged soft tissue drainage. If good soft tissue drainage is provided over a long period, sequestration of infected bone followed by regeneration or fibrous tissue replacement will occur so that appearance and function are not seriously altered. Localization and sequestration of infected mandible are far better performed by natural mechanism of homeostasis than by cutting across involved bone with a cosmetic or functional defect. As natural host defenses and conservative therapy begin to be effective, the process may become chronic, inflammation regresses, granulation tissue is formed, and new blood vessels cause lysis of bone, thus separating fragments of necrotic bone(sequestra) from viable bone. The sequestra may be isolated by a bed of granulation tissue, encased in a sheath of new bone(involucrum), and removed easily with pincettes. This is a case report of the long-term conservative drainage care in osteomyelitis associated with mandibular fractures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

Commercial synthetic resins with great amount of hydrogen atoms were investigated for neutron shielding aggregates. Total three types of resins were considered in this study: high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and ultra molecular weight polyethylene (UPE). When these resins replaced 20, 40, 60 vol% of fine aggregates, mechanical properties were first evaluated including compressive and tensile strengths, and then image/microstructure analyses such as cross-section analysis, SEM, and X-ray CT were performed. The results showed that the compressive and tensile strengths decreased with the increase of replacement ratio of HDPE and PP, which was found through image analysis that it was closely related to the distribution of resins at the failure surface of test specimens. The strength reduction of UPE was quite small compared to HDPE and PP but it abruptly increased when the replacement level exceeded 60 vol%. The results of microstructure analyses indicated that the replacement level significantly affected the amount of air void so that it is critical to determine the reasonable amount of UPE to make cementitous materials for neutron shielding.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2013

In this study, it was developed eco-friendly inorganic binding material concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag and alkali activator (water glass, sodium hydroxides). Eight reinforced concrete beam using inoganic binding material concrete were constructed and tested under monotonic loading. The major variables were mixture ratio of alkali activator, type of admixture and admixture. Experimental programs were carried out to improve and evaluate the flexural performance of such test specimens, such as the load-displacement, the failure mode, the maximum load carrying capacity, and ductility capacity. All the specimens were modeled in scale-down size. The eco-friendly concrete using inorganic binding material encouraged alkali activation reaction was rapidly hardening speed and showed possibility as a high strength concrete. Also, the RC beams using new materials showed similar behavior and failed similarly with RC beam used portland cement. It is thought that eco-friendly inorganic binding material concrete can be used with construction material and product as a basic research to replace cement concrete. If there is application to structures in PC member as well as production of 2nd concrete product, it could be improved the productivity and reduction of construction duration etc.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.8
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• pp.21-33
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• 1997

This study reviews the scientific management theories and discusses those theories within the food service industry. By providing the principles and the practical implications of the theories on the food service industry, this study tries to identify their philosophies and usefulness to the industry so that the managers in the industry use them in their dylmanic operations. In the fastly changing modern globalized world, we now face a situation where it's becoming more and more difficult to mange a restaurant business. In order to build a food industry business that can maintain a continuous development in today's business environment, one will have to apply the professional management theory in a cost-reduce strategy. It is more important though to have managers, organization members, in short, any person who can work to be motivated in accomplishing these two major issues-income increase and cost reduction. In this erawhere it's getting so difficult for researches on possible strategies for these business managers to overcome their difficulties. It is for certain that in the upcoming second millenium the travel and tourism industry will be one of the world's biggest industry worldwide. Korea's hotel industry has developed since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and has shown great amount of competition within the same business. Thus managers have become acquainted with the "know-how" strategy and the practical and scientific managemnet theories were introduced. This helped not only to increase income but also to maximize profit. However, rather than concentration on the "Hard-ware" aspect "Soft-ware" related professional management strategies were developed along with professionalism and human service were emphazied. As such, the actual cost of food and beverages are for the hotel industry business managers the biggest shortterm expense item. Due to the natural state of food items, there is a great chance of "Loss" in preservance, and this is the reason it is complicated to effectively maintain food. As a consequence, very often, the failure to managea hotel or restaurant depends on the capability of the food and beverage preservance mangement: on how they are able to manage effectively the original price of food and beverage. Finally, the main problem of the original price management of food and beverage in Korean hotels are: a) No fixation of set price b) The difficulty to calculate the price difference between a set price and an original price. c) Lack of professinalism in managing the food and beverage original price. d) Lack of perception of the highest ranking management personnels. So as to reform these matters it is necessary to : a) Reform on the management accounting system b) Emphasize to the people in charge on the idea of original price management c) Reinforce original price mangement prevention and assurance of indepedent inspection rights d) Reat manpower

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2001

Objectives : During March-May, 2000, a measles outbreak occurred at Youngduk, Korea. This county is divided into two areas with different historical and socioeconomic background. The outbreak occurred in one of these areas. We conducted a comparative epidemiologic study on the two areas in order to evaluate the factors related to the epidemic. Materials and Methods : We selected two groups, grades 3 and 5 in a primary schools in each area. We investigated outbreak-related factors using parent-questionnaires, the vaccination history from the student's health record and the records concerning the recent measles-outbreak from the local health center. Serologic test on measles-IgG and -IgM antibody was done. Results : The infection rate was 31.5% for the epidemic area and 3.7% for non-the epidemic area according to clinical or serological criteria (p<0.001). No difference was seen in the measles vaccination rate, residence at the time of vaccination or past measles infection history between the two areas. In the epidemic area, the attack rate for the 4-6 year-old MMR booster group(20.5%) was higher than the non-booster group(32.4%), but was not found significantly. Vaccine efficacy was 29.6% in the epidemic area and 87.0% in the non-epidemic area (p<0.001). The IgG level and positive rate were significantly different between the two areas (median 10727 IU/ml, 98.9% in epidemic area; median 346 IU/ml, 85.9% in the non-epidemic area, p<0.001). However, the IgG level and positive rate between the measles-cases and non-cases were not significantly different. Conclusions : This outbreak took place in mostly vaccinated children. These results suggest that a reduction of herd immunity for immunity failure after vaccination may be one of the feasible factors related to the outbreak pattern in the two areas. The results of the IgG level and positive rate suggest that re-establishment of a normal value for IgG level and of a qualitative method for IgG are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-62
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• 2006

More than 70% of Korean Peninsula is consisted of mountains, so that lots of roads, rail-roads and tunnel,which play a pivotal role in the industry activity, are existed along the rock-slope and in the rock-mass. Thus,it is urgent that tegration of management system through the optimum survey and design of rock-slope excavation, proper stabilization method and database of rock-slope. However, conventional methods have shortcoming with the economy of survey time and human resources, and the overcome of difficulties of approach to the in-situ rock-slope. To overcome the limitation of conventional method, this paper proposed the development of remote measurement system using Terrestrial Laser Scanning System. The method using Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning System, which can get 3D spatial information on the rock-slope and2)Dept. Geosystem Engineering, Kangwon National University, Korea tunnel, has an advantage of reduction of measurement time and the overcome of difficulties of approach to the in-situ rock-slope/dam/tunnel. In the case of rock-slope, through the analysis of 3D modeling of point-cloud by Terrestrial Laser Scanning System, orientation of discontinuity, roughness of joint surface, failure shape and volume were successively achieved. in the case of tunnel face, through reverse-engineering, monitoring of displacement was possible.