• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1027-1030
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• 1999

Recently many efforts on the development of automatic processing system for delivery sequence sorting have been performed in ETRI, which requires the use of postal 4 state bar code system to encode delivery points. This paper addresses the issue on the reduction of reading error in postal 4 state raster beam based bar code reader by adjusting measured values of bar code width to its average value over each interval. The test results show that the above method reduces the average reading error rate approximately by 90-100%.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2017

본 연구는 수분이 많은 청정식품의 경도라는 규격화된 기준을 두어, 경도에 따른 청정 작용의 효과 차이를 알아보고, 그 효과로 구취가 제거되는 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 평균 20.8세의 여성 19(95.0%)명, 남성 1(5.0%)명이었다. 자료 분석은 PASW SPSS statistics 24.0(IBM Co,Armonk,NY,USA)를 사용하였으며, 제1종 오류는 0.05로 하였다. 모든 청정식품에서의 섭취 전과 섭취 후의 치면 세균막의 제거정도는 오이는 PHP Index, 토마토는 PHP Index와 plaque rate, 배추는 plaque rate가 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 경도에 따른 청정식품 종류의 치면세균막 제거 효과에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 모든 청정식품에서의 구취제거 효과에는 구취성분 중 $H_2S$만이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있으나, 변화량의 평균이 배추, 토마토, 오이순으로 청정식품의 경도에 따라서는 구취제거 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 향후 청정식품 종류의 다양화와 많은 피험자의 수, 구취측정 시간을 통제하는 등의 여러 요소를 고려하여 후속 연구를 진행할 필요가 있으며, 실생활에서도 이를 활용한 식이조절법이 활성화 될 수 있도록 식품에 관한 임상연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects On the lymphedema patients of sponge padding and the correlation between the rate of edema reduction and downward shifting of bandages. Fifty secondary lymphedema patients with no infection, active cancer, limitation of movement, pain or drugs were randomly assigned to two groups: a sponge padding group, and a cotton padding group. Complex decongestive therapy was applied for 2 weeks. In each group the volume of the ankle, mid-calf, knee, and mid-thigh and downward shifting of bandages at the thigh was measured with measuring tape. The reduction of volume and downward shifting of bandages were analyzed by the unrelated t-test and the Pearson Correlation Test. The results were as follows: 1. In comparison between the sponge padding group and the cotton padding group, there was no significant difference in volume except in the thigh area. The edema volume was reduced significantly to $37.77{\pm}31.15%$ at the thigh with sponge padding after treatment (p<.05). 2. Bandage shifted 10.12 cm with cotton padding, but only shifted 2.85 cm when sponge padding was used. Sponge padding had an excellent effect in preventing the shifting of bandages. There was a significant difference in the amount of shifting that occurred with each type of padding (p<.05). 3. There was also a strong correlation between the reduction of edema and the shifting of bandage. These results suggest that short-stretch bandaging with sponge padding is more effective than bandaging with cotton padding. Further study on skin irritation and the comfort of sponge padding is needed to use padding materials safely and effectively.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1999

Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occuring microbial process involving the decomposition of organic materials such as livestock manure. This study explores the effect of the operating conditions, HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) and feeding frequency on treatment efficiency for digestion of pig slurry, which has been one of most difficult organic waste for proper treatment in livestock production industry in Korea at the present time. The pilot-scale CSTR of 5 m3 in volume was designed. manufactured, and operated at the temperature of 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. The digester was designed to hydraulically stir for complete mixing and to supply heat from the water bath to maintain mesophilic temperature. The HRT of the digester for Test 1 and Test 2, and Test 3 was set for 17 days and 13 days respectively and pig slurry was fed once a day with 300$\ell$ each for Test 1 and Test 3, while twice with 150$\ell$each for Test 2. Test 2 showed better performance by increase of 4% in VS removal efficiency and 5% in biogas production rate. This is mainly attributed to smaller temperature drop by feeding frequently with half amount, which eventually led to lesser impact on anaerobic mocrobes in the digester. Test 2 maintained optimum pH 7.8 which uplifted the activaton of sulfur-reduction bacteria, alkalinity of around 4,000mg/$\ell$, VA of over 3,000mg/$\ell$ for whole period of experiment. Further research may require to provide the practical operation strategy of anaerobic treatment system for treatment of pig slurry.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2016

FDG를 이용한 PET/CT 검사에서 FDG의 대부분이 비뇨기계를 통해 배설된다. FDG가 신장에 저류될 경우 판독 성능이 저하된다. PET-CT 검사에서 FDG의 신장 저류로 인해 추가 검사가 필요한 경우 이뇨제 사용 없이 쉬운 방법인 수분 섭취를 이용해 배설을 촉진할 수 있는 방법을 선택하는 데 도움을 주고자 한다. 11개월간 세브란스병원에서 PET-CT 검사를 시행한 환자 중 신장에 질환이 없고 기능이 정상인 환자 총 80명을 대상으로 하였다. 두 집단으로 구분하였고, 각 40명씩 구성하였다. (1) Torso 검사가 끝난 후 수분 섭취 없이 30분 동안 휴식만 취한 집단, (2) 30분 전 물 500 cc를 한 번에 섭취한 후 휴식을 취한 집단으로 나눴다. 영상분석은 SUV 측정과 Blind test, 두 가지로 하였다. SUV 측정은 양쪽 신장의 SUVmax와 근육과 지방의 SUVmax을 VOI 를 설정하여 측정하였고 간의 SUVmean을 ROI를 설정하여 측정하였다. 검증 후에 p < 0.05 인 경우를 통계적으로 유의하다고 판단하였다. Blind test는 Torso 검사와 추가 검사의 영상을 비교하여 신장 방사능 배설정도를 4등급으로 점수를 나타내어 분류 및 기록하였다. SUV 측정 결과 수분 미섭취 군의 신장 SUV 값은 6.8% 증가하였고, 수분 섭취 군의 SUV의 값은 49.7% 감소하였다(p < 0.001). Blind test에서 수분 미섭취 군의 평균은 17.25점이었고, 수분섭취 군의 평균은 34.75점으로 더 높은 점수를 나타냈다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

현재 지반주입공법에 사용되는 약액으로는 물유리계가 주로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 물유리계를 사용한 약액주입공법은 현장적용에 있어서 내구성 저하, 강도 저하, 용탈 현상 등의 여러 가지 문제점을 가지는 바, 한시적인 차수용도로 사용될 수는 있으나 영구적인 지반보강 및 차수를 위해서는 본질적인 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본연구에서는 이러한 물유리계 지반주입재의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 무기질계 지반주입재(NDS)의 환경영향평가 및 내구성을 규명하기 위하여 대표적인 물유리계 재료인 SGR 재료와 함께 일축압축강도시험, 어독성시험, 내구성시험, 침적 후 삼축투수시험을 실시하였다. 내구성시험 결과, 재령 28일 강도는 NDS가 SGR보다 1.5배 크게 나타났으며, 어독성시험 결과 SGR의 생존율은 50~70%, NDS는 100%로 나타났고 이는 NDS의 생존율이 SGR보다 더 높다는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 시험결과를 종합해 볼 때 전반적으로 NDS가 SGR에 비해 내구성면에서 우수하며 친환경적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1979

This paper presents the effect of stress relief annealing on mechanical properties in single Vee-groove welding joint. In this experiment, the investigation of annealing effect on mechanical properties of test material carried out by changing the annealing temperature from $600^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$ under the given conditions. The results pbtained by this study are as follows: (1) Under the constant welding conditions, the tensile strength of test welded joint decrease in accordance with the increase of annealing temperature. The experimental results show that the reduction rate of tensile strength is about 35.09% of base metal strength. (2) Microhafdness distribution of welded joint bring about the maximum hardness near the bended line of welding joint. (3) Izod impact energy of welded joint in increase in according to the rise of annealing temperature and the peak energy of impact test occurs at $800^{\circ}C$

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2021

In this study, chitosan obtained after varying extents of deacetylation (i.e., 10%, 30%, and 47%) was employed to introduce antibacterial properties to chitin. The deacetylation reaction completion, wherein the amino group content of chitin was reduced, was ascertained from the FT-IR and NMR analyses. The 47%-deacetylated chitosan exhibited superior antibacterial properties against Bacillus in a disk diffusion test. To further improve these properties, chitosan derivatives were grafted by acrylic acid and acrylamide. The varying concentrations of carboxyl groups, primary amines, and -CH₂-CH₂- with increasing acrylic acid and acrylamide contents were determined by FT-IR and NMR analyses. The enhanced antibacterial properties of the chitosan derivatives, owing to the increased acrylic acid and acrylamide contents, were revealed by the disk diffusion test. In particular, the derivatives with 1.3% acrylic acid and acrylamide showed the highest antibacterial activity, the bacterial reduction rate against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli being 99.9%, as observed through the ASTM E2149 standard test.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2019

Viscoelastic fluid is used in various industrial sites because its cost reduction and environmental benefits by preventing formation of fine droplets that scattered around. However, viscoelastic fluids, unlike newtonian fluids, contain a shear thinning characteristic that decrease in viscosity as shear rate increases and elastic characteristic, making it difficult to predict spray breakup process. In this study we made three test fluids. Boger fluid with viscoelastic characteristics, and two newtonian fluids, were prepared to exclude shear thinning characteristics and study the effects of elastic characteristic only. Flow visualization, spray angle, and SMD were measured for three test fluids using laboratory scale impinging jet test apparatus. As a result, it was confirmed that Boger fluid, unlike the newtonian fluid, was not formed fine droplets that scattered around and the breakup process appeared differently. In addition, SMD was found to be large in Boger fluid, and the SMD according to pressure was confirmed that there is no significant difference.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2007

The objectives of this study have been carried out to investigate the solubilization of municipal sewage sludge by single and dual frequency ultrasonic pretreatment, and the methane production characteristics of pretreated sewage sludge by specific methanogenic activity test for sewage sludge reduction. The waste activated sludge was collected from thickened tank of Suyoung sewage treatment plant in Busan city, and its concentration was adjusted to 1.0% total solids. Ultrasonic frequency was varied 15, 20, 15+20 kHz, and acoustic density was used a maximum 176W/L. The dual frequency ultrasonic pretreatment was found to be more effective than single frequency ultrasonic in the solubilization rate and methane production. The $SCOD_{Cr}/TCOD_{Cr}$, rate were 15.2%, 13.9%, 17.0% with single frequency of 15 kH2, 20 kHz, dual frequency of 15+20 kHz, respectively. The application of dual frequency ultrasound for sewage sludge pretreatment can be interest for sewage treatment plants having problems in sludge treatment and disposal.