• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.185-204
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• 2017

High-resolution wind measurements at 2.25 m in height were used to investigate the mean and turbulence properties of an extreme thunderstorm wind event in West Texas. These data were combined with single Doppler scans from the Texas Tech University Ka-band mobile Doppler radars systems (TTUKa) to provide meteorological context over the surface measurement stations for portions of the outflow. Several features characteristic of a severe wind event were noted in the radar data, including a bowing portion of the thunderstorm complex and a small circulation on the leading edge. These features were reflected in the surface wind time histories and provided natural separation between various regions of the outflow. These features also contributed to the peak 1-s gust at all measurement stations. The turbulence characteristics of each outflow region were also investigated and compared. Reduced values of running turbulence intensity and elevated values of longitudinal integral scales were noted during the period of peak wind speed. Larger scales of turbulence within the outflow were also suggested via spectral analysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2018

The background spectrum of a $3^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}3^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ NaI(Tl) well-type scintillation SILENA detector was measured without shielding, in 6 cm thick lead shielding, and with 2 mm thick electrolytic copper covering the detector inside the lead shielding. The relative remaining background of the lead shield lined with copper was found to be ideal for low-level environmental radioactive spectroscopy. The background total count rate in the (20-2160 KeV) was reduced 28.7 times by the lead and 29 times by the Cu + Pb shielding. The effective reduction of background (1.04) by the copper mainly appeared in the energy range from X-ray up to 500 KeV, while for the total energy range the ratio is 1.01 relative to the lead only. In addition, a strong relation between the full-energy peak absolute efficiency and the detector well height was found using gamma-ray isotropic radiation point sources placed inside the detector well. The full-energy peak efficiency at a midpoint of the well (at 2.5 cm) is three times greater than that on the detector surface. The energy calibrations and the resolution of any single energy line are independent of the locations of the gamma source inside or outside of the well.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1988

This paper reports on a study of the influence of welding variables on the weld shape of Al-7020 in pulse-GMA welding. Five variables, i.e., wire feed rate, peak pulse current, welding speed, welding votage, and pulse frequency were investigated for their effects on the weld shape. From the results of the 2$^{n-1}$ fractional factorial design, quantitative effects of each variable and the interaction of two variables were obtained, and consequently wire feed rate, welding voltage, and welding speed were determined as the main welding variables. Supplementary experiment was performed for ivestigating the detailed relationship between the main variables nd the seld shape. In this experiment, the penetation of the seldment increased when the wire feed rate was raised, nad the bead width increased when the welding voltage was raised or the welding speed was reduced.d.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 한반도 서해안에 위치한 해상기상관측타워에서 관측된 수면변동자료를 이용하여 첨두주기 산정의 정확도 향상을 위한 평활화 기법을 적용하였다. 평활화 기법 적용에 대한 검증은 파형의 분산값과 관측 자료의 에너지 총량을 통해 수행하였으며, 이후 평활화 적용에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 파형의 분산값과 관측 자료의 에너지 총량의 상관계수는 0.9994로 나타났으며, 해당 기법 적용에 문제가 없음을 확인하였다. 이후, 평활화 영향 검토를 수행한 결과, 기존 추정 스펙트럼의 신뢰구간에 비해 최대 26% 감소하는 것으로 나타남으로서, 추정되는 첨두주기의 정확도가 향상됨을 확인하였다. 평활화 적용으로 인하여 4~6초 사이에서 확률밀도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 최적 평활화를 위해 통계적 기법을 이용하여 유의파고 범위에 따른 적정 평활화 개수를 산정하였으며, 평활화 개수는 유의파고가 작아짐에 따라 불안정한 스펙트럼 형상에 의해 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2016

Background: In order to measure neutron energy spectra, the conventional Bonner Sphere Spectrometers (BSS) are widely used. In this spectrometer, several measurements with different size Bonner spheres are required. Operators should, therefore, place these spheres in several times to a measurement point where radiation dose might be relatively high. In order to reduce this effort, novel neutron energy spectrometer using an onion-like single Bonner sphere was proposed in our group. This Bonner sphere has multiple sensitive spherical shell layers in the single sphere. In this spectrometer, a band-shaped thermal neutron detection medium, which consists of a LiF-ZnS mixed powder scintillator sheet and a wavelength-shifting (WLS) fiber readout, was looped to each sphere at equal angular intervals. Amount of LiF neutron converter is reduced near polar region, where the band-shaped detectors are concentrated, in order to uniform the directional sensitivity. The LiF-ZnS mixed powder has an advantage of extremely high light yield. However, since it is opaque, scintillation photons cannot be collect uniformly. This type of detector shows no characteristic shape in the pulse height spectrum. Subsequently, it is difficult to set the pulse height discrimination level. This issue causes sensitivity fluctuation due to gain instability of photodetectors and/or electric modules. Materials and Methods: In order to solve this problem, we propose to replace the LiF-ZnS mixed powder into a flexible and Transparent RUbber SheeT type $LiCaAlF_6$ (TRUST LiCAF) scintillator. TRUST LiCAF scintillator can show a peak shape corresponding to neutron absorption events in the pulse height spectrum. Results and Discussion: We fabricated the prototype detector with five sensitive layers using TRUST LiCAF scintillator and conducted basic experiments to evaluate the directional uniformity of the sensitivity. Conclusion: The fabricated detector shows excellent directional uniformity of the neutron sensitivity.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2007

다량의 유기성 폐기물을 신속히 처리하기 위한 대용량의 반응조 개발이 이루어짐에 따라 대형 반응조 내부에서 재료물질 자체의 물리적 특성변화가 퇴비화에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 연구가 시도되고 있다. 특히 좁은 공간에서 단위 면적당 처리량을 높일 수 있는 수직형 반응조에서는 재료가 갖는 자체적인 무게로 인한 침하 현상이 발생하여 퇴비화공정에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 수직형 퇴비화 반응조 내에서의 수직 높이구간별로 재료물질의 온도, 수분함량, 용적밀도, 고형물함량, 침하거리 등의 물리적 성상 변화를 측정하여 수직형 반응조에서의 침하현상에 의한 효과를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 수직형 퇴비화 반응조를 제작하여 계분과 톱밥을 혼합한 퇴비화 재료를 투입한 후 일정한 공기 유량을 주입하면서 퇴비화기간 동안의 반응조 높이별 물리적 성상 변화를 측정 하였다. 실험결과, 각 높이구간별로 최대온도 이후의 온도 재상승에 의한 변동폭은 교반횟수가 증가함에 따라 감소하고 있으며, 각 수직 높이 구간별로는 수직높이가 높아질수록 온도상승폭이 증가하고 있다. 수분함량 변화는 하층부에서의 증발수분이 상층구간으로 이동하게 됨으로써 반응조 높이가 높아질수록 수분함량이 높아지는 결과가 나타났다. 용적밀도는 수분함량 변화와 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며, 수분함량과 용적밀도와는 2차식($R^2=0.94$)의 관계를 보이고 있다. 각 높이구간에서의 고형물 함량은 수직높이가 높아질수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 수직형 반응조에서의 높이구간별 물리적 성상변화는 퇴비화 재료물질의 침하현상에 기인한 것으로 나타났으며, 퇴비화 재료물질의 침하거리를 시간에 따른 1차식($R^2=0.91$)으로 나타내면 Ls(침하거리, cm)=$2.184{\times}T$(시간, day)와 같은 관계식을 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 수직형 반응조내 재료물질의 침하현상은 자유공기공극(FAS)을 폐쇄시키고 공기투과성(air permeability)을 감소시켜 국부적으로 공기흐름을 저해하거나 혐기성 상태를 유발시키는 원인이 된다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

Background: The purpose is to investigate the immediate effects of kinesio taping on quadriceps induced fatigue by short-term squat. Methods: This research is cross-over designed study and conducted as a single-blind. Eleven students (Age: $18.91{\pm}0.49yrs$, height: $167.09{\pm}8.46cm$, $62.55{\pm}11.32kg$) were participated in this study. All the participants were applied short-term squat for inducing fatigue, and then intervented all three conditions (kinesio taping applied condition, placebo taping applied condition, non-taping applied condition). The interval of each intervention was at least a seven days to prevent carry-over effects. The participants were tested peak torque (isometric contracture) and active joint position sense (active JPS) pre-post intervention. A paired t-test was used to find the significance of pre-post intervention results and one-way ANOVA was used to find the significance between interventions with significant level as .05. Results: Peak torque was significantly increased on KT condition (p<.05). But there were no significant effects on active JPS. Because kinesio taping facilitates Ia afferent by tactile stimulation with stretched skin, reduced muscle power by short term squat which induce muscle fatigue was increased. But kinesio taping does not affect mechanoreceptor in muscles, induced active JPS by short-term squat had no changes.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.535-541
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• 2008

Growth behavior of InGaN/GaN self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) was investigated with respect to different growth parameters in low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Locally formed examples of three dimensional InGaN islands were confirmed from the surface observation image with increasing indium source ratio and growth time. The InGaN/GaN QDs were formed in Stranski-Krastanow (SK) growth mode by the continuous supply of metalorganic (MO) sources, whereas they were formed in the Volmer-Weber (V-W) growth mode by the periodic interruption of the MO sources. High density InGaN QDs with $1{\sim}2nm$ height and $40{\sim}50nm$ diameter were formed by the S-K growth mode. Dome shape InGaN dots with $200{\sim}400nm$ diameter were formed by the V-W growth mode. InN content in InGaN QDs was estimated to be reduced with the increase of growth temperature. A strong peak between 420-460 nm (2.96-2.70 eV) was observed for the InGaN QDs grown by S-K growth mode in photoluminescence spectrum together with the GaN buffer layer peak at 362.2 nm (3.41 eV).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2013

This article presents the statistical characteristics of elastic floor acceleration spectra that represent the peak response demand of non-structural components attached to a nonlinear supporting frame. For this purpose, a set of stiff and flexible general moment resisting frames with periods of 0.3-3.6 sec. are analyzed using forty-nine near-field strong ground motion records. Peak accelerations are derived for each single degree of freedom non-structural component, supported by the above mentioned frames, through a direct-integration time-history analysis. These accelerations are obtained by Floor Acceleration Response Spectrum (FARS) method. They are statistically analyzed in the next step to achieve a better understanding of their height-wise distributions. The factors that affect FARS values are found in the relevant state of the art. Here, they are summarized to evaluate the amplification and/or reduction of FARS values especially when the supporting structures undergo inelastic behavior. The properties of FARS values are studied in three regions: long-period, fundamental-period and short-period. Maximum elastic acceleration response of non-structural component, mounted on inelastic frames, depends on the following factors: inelasticity intensity and modal periods of supporting structure; natural period, damping ratio and location of non-structural component. The FARS values, corresponded to the modal periods of supporting structure, are strongly reduced beyond elastic domain. However, they could be amplified in the transferring period domain between the mentioned modal periods. In the next step, the amplification and/or reduction of FARS values, caused by inelastic behavior of supporting structure, are calculated. A parameter called the response acceleration reduction factor ($R_{acc}$), has been previously used for far-field earthquakes. The feasibility of extending this parameter for near-field motions is focused here, suggested repeatedly in the relevant sources. The nonlinearity of supporting structure is included in ($R_{acc}$) for better estimation of maximum non-structural component absolute acceleration demand, which is ordinarily neglected in the seismic design provisions.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

This study included the development of analytical method for determining perchlorate in water sample. The analytical condition was referred in EPA 314.0 method which use ion chromatography and the concentrator column was replaced by the guard column. Concentrating 10mL raw or treated water sample on to AGl6 guard column made it possible to get the LOD(Limit of Detection) of $0.73\;{\mu}g/L$. The total run time was 11 minutes and during run time next sample could be concentrated on AGl6 guard column. Compared to the Concentration method which needed manual operation, the Direct Injection method could screen the many water samples. The LOD of the Direct Injection method was higher and the sensitivity was lower than that of the Concentration method. The RSDs(Relative Standard Deviations) were lower than 2.5 % for peak height and 0.7 % for retention time in pre-concentration methods. This method Showed good reproducibility and reliability and it was thought the deviations of recovery value could be reduced by considering column capacity and making water sample homogeneous. Matrix Elimination could be done using the pre-concentration method if perchlorate were in complex matrix of sample.