• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2011

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) light on growth characteristics and phytochemical content of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling using LED blue (470 nm, B), red (660 nm, R), blue + red (BR), far red (740 nm, FR) and UV-B (300 nm) light treatment, and without artificial light. Photon flux of LED light was 49, 16, 40, 5.0 and $0.82{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ for B, R, BR, FR, and UV-B light, respectively, during experiment. Supplemental LED light duration was $16hr\;day^{-1}$ and UV-B light duration was 10 min. per day after sunset up to 15 days (12 days after germination) of plants age. In our research, growth characteristics and phytochemical content of pepper seedlings were greatly influenced by supplemental LED light compare to control treatment. Red light increased the number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf width and plant fresh weight by 34%, 27%, 50% and 40%, respectively. Blue light increased the leaf length by 13%, and stem length and length of inter node were increased by 17% and 34%, respectively under grown far red light. After 15 days of light treatments phytochemical concentrations of pepper plants were significantly changed. Blue light enhanced the total anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentration by 6 times and 2 times, respectively. Red light increased the total phenolic compound at least two folds meanwhile far red light reduced the ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity 31% and 66%, respectively compared to control treatment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.601-613
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• 2007

In this research, 128 stimuli of contrast coloration of lipstick and clothing were evaluated to the degree of harmony in the coordination of makeup and clothing color depending on the combination of eyeshadow color(brown, violet), lipstick color(red, orange, and purple), lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing style(formal, casual), and clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark). Sets of stimulus and response scales were used as experimental materials. The subjects were 768 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. As to the brown eyeshadow, dull lipstick and light, dull clothing, vivid, dull, dark lipstick and dark clothing among the combinations of red lipstick and blue green clothing, dull lipstick and light, dull, dark clothing, dark lipstick and dull, dark clothing among the combinations of orange lipstick and purplish blue clothing were evaluated as harmonious coloration regardless of the clothing style. As to the violet eyeshadow, combinations of red lipstick and blue green clothing and combinations of red purple lipstick and yellow green clothing wide come out range of disharmony. Thus, the degree of harmony in the contrast coloration can be perceived to be different depending on how the color and tone of clothing and lipstick are coordinate.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 1991

The effects of electrolytes on color fastness properties of cotton fabric with Congo Red have been studied at $90^{\circ}C$. Each dyeing carried with $10 \times 10^{-6}M$ of Congo Red and with various concentration of electrolytes. The results obtained from this study were as follow 1. In the case of none, the fastness to washing became worse, but the fastness to light better with increasing dye concentration. 2. In the case of additing an electrolyte, the fastness to washing became worse and the fastness to light better than the case of none. The samples had become yellower after washing test. Yellowness had been reduced after fade-O-meter test. 3. What kind of electrolytes could not have any effect on the fastness to washing, but they influenced the fastness to light in the order of LiCl

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.217-217
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• 2017

Seed priming leading to improved emergences, germination speed and uniformity under unfavorable conditions without loss of longevity are the best level of techniques. We studied the possibility to obtain primed seed with reduced mean germination time (MGT) and uniformity but with simple, fast and effective methods. The experiments were carried out at $15^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours with priming treatment. To compare the effects of each treatment, we used 200mM $CaCl_2$ priming or hydro priming or no imbibition after ultrasonication or red light treatment. The light treatment was performed by irradiating 2000 lux of red light for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Addition, in order to investigate the effect of the priming solution, treated at 200mM $CaCl_2$ for 8 hours. Ultrasonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at exposures of 13.0, 17.3, and 21.6 kHz during priming. For liquid smoke (LS) treatment, seed soaked in 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0% of diluted water and 200mM $CaCl_2$ solution. After each treatment, the seeds were dried to moisture content ranged 5-8% at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The effect of seed treatment was evaluated with germination percentage (GP), MGT, germination index(GI), germination rate(GR), Germination Uniformity(GU) and heath seed percentage(HS). For several factors tested, we found that the desired germination improvement could be obtained by treating the seed with ultrasonication at 17.3 kHz for 5 minutes in water or red light exposure at 2000 lux for 120 min in water that resulted very similar to those used to 200mM $CaCl_2$ priming for 16 hrs. However, LS treatment showed no improvement in all diluted solution. Therefore, the methods applied ultrasonication and red light treatment showed high potential for fast and easy treatment avoiding pollution of salt solution waste.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.548-561
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• 2020

Paecilomyces japonica is widely cultured to produce mycelium for medicinal and health food use. Illumination is an important factor in the growth and production of mycelium in submerged culture. The effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) combinations on the growth and cordycepin content as bioactive substances of mycelium were investigated. The results showed that the mycelium dry weights were lower under dark condition and red LED treatments. Dark condition, fluorescent light, and ultraviolet-A failed to increase the cordycepin content. Blue light was necessary to increase the cordycepin content, and a red-to-blue ratio of 3:7 induced the highest cordycepin content. The cordycepin contents of mycelium in submerged culture were significantly higher in a 12 h/day illumination time under red and blue (red-to-blue ratio of 3:7) LED treatments, showing an increase of up to 38% compared with those under the fluorescent-light control condition. The results demonstrated the roles of light with different wavelengths on the biosynthesis of cordycepin as bioactive substances. The low-heat release and replacement of traditional fluorescent lights with low-energy-consuming LEDs could increase the contents of bioactive substances. After optimization of the cordycepin production using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) to its canonical form, the optimum combination was found to be as follows: illumination time = 17.7 h/day, sugar content in the medium = 9.7 g/50 mL, and incubation time = 61.2 h. The model predicted a maximum response of 3779.2 ㎍/mL cordycepin yield.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1999

The characcteristics of anthocyanin pigments from crab apple (Malus prunifolia Wild. Borkh. "red fruit") by ethanol extract were investigated at various condition of light temperature sugar, organic acid me-tal ion and pH. The pigments were stable(over the 60%) on the light irradiation throughout 20 days sto-rage period at room temperature and in the pesenc of Al-foil red blue green and yellow cover were rage period at room temperature and in the pesence of Al-foil red blue green and yellow cover were very stable. The pigments also showed high thermal stbility(over the 67% at 115$^{\circ}C$ 10min) at pH2.5 respectively. The pigments with added organic acid greatly increased thickness of red color. The pig-ments with added metal ions at pH 2.5 such as Na+ K+, Mg2+ Ca2+ and Mn2+ were stable throughout 20 days storage period at $25^{\circ}C$. But Cu2+ addition showed the rapidly degradation of the pigments and Al3+ addition induced the color conversion from red to redish violet. The thickness of the red color of anthocyanin pigments increased increased as the pH decreased. These results indicated that crab apple antho-cyanin pigments might be potental source of natural food colorant. colorant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 1988

This study carried out to change ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity and isozymes in barley during germination in the dark and red light. The specific activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ increased during the germination in the dark, giving 355.0 and 523.7 units/mg protein at 3 and 5 days, and the activity was increased by the red light up to 48 and 15% at 3 and 5 days of germination, respectively. The ratio of ${\alpha}-amylase$ I and II was approximately 95 : 5 at both 3 and 5 days of germination in the dark while the different ratio was found by the red light i.e. 60 : 40 and 90 : 10 at 3 and 5 days of germination, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.237-239
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• 1985

The effects of red light on the $\alpha$-amylase activity of barley during germination was studied. The $\alpha$-amylase activity was highest at 5th day on germination, showing rapid increase from the 3rd-day of germination. The highest activity of $\alpha$-amylase was shown among the groups treated by red light at 100 Lux luminous intensity for 3 hours a day. The $\alpha$-amylase activity of barley during germination under the red light increased to 44% compared with that of barley during germination under the dark. The protein content was not increased by red light.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.716-722
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• 2006

Various light sources including LEDs (Light emitting diodes) affecting on shoot growth was examined using in vitro shoots of E. pellita. Generally, it appeared that ventilation treatment was the most important factor affecting on normal shoot growth, irrespective of irradiation sources. Ventilation resulted in better performance of the cultures under 100% blue LED radiation. These include better shoot growth, more number of leaves, more number of internodes, more number of axillary buds, and heavier dry matters. The highest total chlorophyll content was obtained under both cool-white fluorescent lamps and R5B5 (50% red LED + 50% blue LED). The value was $24.5{\mu}g/g$ and $20.1{\mu}g/g$, respectively. In addition, ventilation resulted in higher carotenoid content in all irradiation sources except 100% red LED radiation. In conclusion, shoot growth of E. pellita could be reached maximum by ventilation under R5B5 (50% red LED + 50% blue LED).

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.365-371
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• 2009

In this study, we have fabricated a fiber-optic pH sensor which is composed of a light source, plastic optical fibers and a spectrometer. As an indicator, a phenol red is used, and a pH liquid solution is prepared by mixing of phenol red and various kinds of pH buffer solutions in these experiments. The emitting light from a light source is guided by plastic optical fibers to the pH liquid solution, and the optical characteristic of a light is changed in the pH liquid solution according to its color change. Therefore, we have measured the intensities and wavelength shifts of the modulated lights, which are changed due to the color variations of phenol red at different pH values, by using of a spectrometer for spectral analysis. Also, the relationships between the pH values of liquid solutions and the optical properties of modulated light according to the change of color of phenol red are obtained.