• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 1986

Marine algal flora and intertidal vegetation around Samchonpo power plant, south coast of Korea, were investigated at three sites, specially referred to the seasonal variation of the species from April to October, 1982. A total of 84 species were identified; 8 green, 19 brown and 57 red algae. Among three sampling sites investigated, 65 species were collected at the first site located in front of the power plant, 66 at the second site, Namildae beach, and 61 at the third, Sinsudo, respectively. The algal vegetation at the first site was dominated in cover by Sargassum thunbergii and Ulva pertusa in April, Corallina spp. Ulva pertusa in July, and Chondria crassicaulis and Ulva pertusa in October. At the second site, it was dominated in cover by Sargassum thunbergii, Gigartina tenella and Ulva pertusa in April, Sargassum thunbergii and Ulva pertusa in July, and Chondria crassicaulis and Ulva pertusa in October, whereas at the third site Sargassum thunbergii and Ulva pertusa in April, and Chondria crassicaulis in October, respectively. The biomass among three investigated sites showed 2,360 g-fresh wt/$m^2$ on an average; 283 g-dry wt/$m^2$ at the first, 277 g-dry wt/$m^2$ at the second, and 256 g-dry wt/$m^2$ at the third site, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2015

Benthic marine algal flora and community structure at Chuksan on the mid-east coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from July 2007 to May 2009. Ninety-eight seaweed species were identified, including 13 green, 23 brown and 62 red algal species. The number of species found ranged between 33 and 63 among seasons. Two green (Ulva australis and Codium arabicum), three brown (Dictyota dichotoma, Sargassum fusiforme and Sargassum yezoense), and eleven red algae (Corallina pilulifera, Lithophyllum okamurae, Pachymeniopsis elliptica, Grateloupia filicina, G. cornea, Hildenbrandia rubra, Chondrus ocellatus, Acrosorium polyneurum, Chondria crassicaulis, Polysiphonia morrowii and Symphyocladia latiuscula) were observed throughout the survey period. Average marine algal biomass was $629.68g\;dry\;wt\;m^{-2}$ and it ranged seasonally from 119.30 to $1,660.96g\;dry\;wt\;m^{-2}$. The vertical distribution of marine algae was characterized by Corallina pilulifera and Sargassum spp. in the intertidal zone; Sargassum spp. at 1 m depth; Sargassum spp. and melobesioidean algae at 5 m depth; and melobesioidean algae at 10 m depth.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2008

Marine algal flora and community structure were seasonally examined at three sites in the vicinity of the Wolseong nuclear power plant in Korea from February to November 2006. A total of 126 seaweeds including 25 green, 31 brown, 70 red algae, and 1 marine plant were identified. The greatest number of species occurred at Jeonchonri (101 species) followed by intake (88 species) and discharge (29 species) during the study period. Of 126 seaweeds, 76 annuals and 13 warm tolerance species were recorded. Dominant species based on important value (IV > 10) were Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza at intake, U. pertusa and Padina arborescens at discharge, and Sargassum horneri and Corallina pilulifera at Jeonchonri shore. Annual average biomass exhibited a wide range of variations, from 40.67g m-2 in dry weight at discharge to 133.69g m-2 at Jeonchonri. Among six functional groups, dominant group was coarsely-branched form at intake and Jeonchonri, but it was different at discharge site as filamentous form. Seaweed community structures of discharge site were distinguishable in decreasing species richness, biomass, species diversity index (H’), richness index (R), and evenness index (J’). Also, the ratios of green algae, warm tolerance species, annual algae, filamentous form and dominance index (DI) remarkably increased. Such phenomenons of discharge site are usually found under environmentally stressful conditions such as high disturbance. Thus, I can conclude that the heated effluents of nuclear power plant act as environmental stress influencing seaweed community structures and it can be detected with various community indices.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

Seasonal variability in the algal community structure of intertidal zones was examined at six study sites in Marine National Parks, on the western and southern coasts of Korea from March to November 2015. A total of 193 species of algae, comprising 27 green, 40 brown and 126 red algae, were identified. Algal biomass averaged 101.50 g dry wt./m² with a maximal at Tonggae (168.12 g dry wt./m²) and minimum at Haseom (54.49 g dry wt./m²). The dominant seaweeds by biomass were Sargassum thunbergii at five sites (Tonggae, Haseom, Namdongri, Ando amd Sinjeonri), and S. fusiforme at Soando. Community indices measured as follows: dominance index (DI), 0.31–0.69; richness index (R), 7.30–11.43; evenness index (J'), 0.33–0.49; and diversity index (H'), 1.15–1.86. As evaluated using community indices and environmental states, the EEI (Ecological Evaluation Index) of the Marine National Park was “normal”. The present results indicate that seaweed community structures and indices could be used to evaluate the environmental status of coastal ecosystems.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 2008

Marine algal flora and community structure were investigated seasonally at three sites in Ilkwang Bay on the southern east coast of Korea from May 2007 to February 2008. Total 103 species including 10 of green algae, 17 of brown algae, 76 of red algae were collected and identified. Among these species, 21 species were found throughout the year. Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha linza, Grateloupia lanceolata, Chondracanthus intermedia and Caulacanthus ustulatus were distributed dominantly in upper intertidal zone. By contrast, crustose coralline algae, Grateloupia spp., Chondracanthus tenellus, Prionitis cornea and Sargassum spp. occurred predominantly in middle intertidal zone. Grateloupia spp., Sargassum spp., Ecklonia cava and Ulva pertusa were dominant in lower intertidal zone. Annual mean biomass in wet weight was 478.3 g m$^{-2}$. Maximum biomass was recorded in site 1 (731.8 g m$^{-2}$), and minimum was recorded in site 3 (78.5 g m$^{-2}$). The R/P, C/P and (R + C)/P value reflecting flora characteristics were 4.47, 0.59 and 5.06, respectively. Two groups produced by cluster analysis, one including sites 1, 2 and the other including site 3, showed meaningful difference in similarity, each other. Site 3 showed the limited species composition due to inflow of fresh water and absence of solid substratum. However, there was no significant difference between site 1 and site 2. In conclusion, the number of marine algae species and biomass in Ilkwang Bay were markedly reduced comparing with the previous studies. These suggest that a solution for reconstruction of the poor marine algal vegetation is considerably demanded.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1922-1929
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• 2007

A simple whole-cell-based sensing system is proposed for determining the cell mass of H. pluvialis using ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy. An emission signal at 368 nm was used to detect the various kinds of green, green-brown, brown-red, and red H. pluvialis cells. The fluorescence emission intensities of the cells were highest at 368 nm with an excitation wavelength of 227 nm. An excitation wavelength of 227 nm was then selected for cell-mass sensing, as the emission fluorescence intensities of the cell suspensions were highest at this wavelength after subtracting the background interference. The emission fluorescence intensities of HPLC-grade water, filtered water, and HPLC-grade water containing a modified Bold's basal medium (MBBM) were measured and the difference was less than 1.6 for the selected wavelengths. Moreover, there was no difference in the emission intensity at 368 nm among suspensions of the various morphological states of the cells. A calibration curve of the fluorescence emission intensities. and cell mass was obtained with a high correlation ($R^2=0.9938$) for the various morphological forms of H. pluvialis. Accordingly, the proposed method showed no significant dependency on the various morphological cell forms, making it applicable for cell-mass measurement. A high correlation was found between the fluorescence emission intensities and the dry cell weight with a mixture of green, green-brown, brown-red, and red cells. In conclusion, the proposed model can be directly used for cell-mass sensing without any pretreatment and has potential use as a noninvasive method for the online determination of algal biomass.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.524-532
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• 2011

The intertidal benthic macroalgal floras of 19 uninhabited islands were investigated in the Goheung area, South Sea, Korea, in June 2008. Seaweed community structures on the rocky shores of four (Naemaemuldo, Ceoldo, Araedombaeseom, and Jinjioedo) of the 19 islands were also examined. Eighty macroalgal species were identified, including 13 green, 19 brown, and 48 red algae. The maximum number of species was found at Naemaemuldo, with 35 species, and the minimum was at Aredombaeseom, with 21 species. Seaweed biomass ranged from 21.39-76.22 g dry wt/$m^2$, with a maximum at Naemaemuldo, and minimum at Jinjioedo. Sargassum thunbergii was a representative species, distributed widely in the intertidal zone of the four islands. Subdominant seaweeds were Corallina pilulifera and Ulva pertusa at Naemaemuldo and Jinjioedo, respectively. Also, Ishige okamurae was dominant at Ceoldo and Araedombaeseom. Six functional seaweed forms were found at each study site, except for Araedombaeseom, which had four functional groups. On the rocky shores of the four sites, a coarsely-branched form was the most dominant functional group ranging from 44.44-61.90% in species number and 72.42-91. 09% in biomass. In conclusion, among the four study sites, the shore of Naemaemuldo Island had the best ecological status, with the highest number of species, and greatest biomass (mainly brown and red algae) and functional form diversity of seaweeds. Furthermore, on the rocky shore of Naemaemuldo, coarsely branched- and joint calcareous-form seaweeds, which grow in clean and undisturbed environmental conditions, were the representative functional forms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.740-746
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• 2011

Subtidal benthic macroalgal flora and community structure on barren grounds were examined seasonally along vertical shore gradients on the rocky shore of Hajung, Pohang, on the southeast coast of Korea, from February 2005 to November 2006. Twenty-six seaweed species were identified, including 5 green, 7 brown, and 14 red algae. The number of seaweed species ranged between 7 and 17 among seasons and between 13 and 20 species were found in vertical gradients along the shore. Over the study period, average seaweed biomass (g wet wt/$m^2$) was 299.88 g and it ranged seasonally from 120.99 to 620.00 g. Seaweed biomass declined with increasing seawater depth and ranged between 323.06 and 593.68 g. The dominant seaweed species, in terms of biomass, were Desmarestia ligulata and Sargassum honeri, which grew at depths between 5 and 10 m. The red alga Delisea pulchra was also abundant at a depth of 15 m. No seasonal patterns were found in community indices. Along vertical shore gradients, community indices showed different patterns; the dominance index increased and the richness, evenness, and diversity indices decreased with seawater depth.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2016

Microalgae are considered as superior biodiesel producers, because they could effectively produce high amount of lipid with fast growth rate. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to various light wavelengths (${\lambda}_{max}$ 470 nm, ${\lambda}_{max}$ 525 nm, and ${\lambda}_{max}$ 660 nm) using light emitting diodes (LEDs) to examine effect of light quality on their growth and fatty acid production in 0.4-L bubble column photobioreactors. Fluorescent lamps were also used as polychromatic light sources (control). From the results, biomass productivity was varied by light wavelength from 0.05 g/L/day to 0.30 g/L/day. Maximum biomass productivity was obtained from red LED among tested ones. We also observed that contents of oleic acid and linolenic acid, which affect biodiesel properties, were significantly changed depending on supplied wavelength. These results indicated that production of algal biomass, and fatty acid content and productivity could be improved or controlled by supplying specific light wavelength.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.607-618
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• 2013

Marine macroalgal community structures and characteristics of ocean environmental factors were examined seasonally at four sites in Jeju Island, Korea, from March to November 2012. A total of 71 macroalgal species were identified, including 9 green, 7 brown, and 55 red algae. Peyssonnelia capensis occurred at all study sites and in all seasons. The average annual biomass of seaweed was 991.84 g wet $wt/m^2$, with seasonal variations from 543.80 g in autumn to 1,284.17 $g/m^2$ in summer. A green alga, Codium coactum, was the dominant species, occupying 21.31% (211.39 $g/m^2$) of the total algal biomass in Jeju Island. Subdominant species were Ecklonia cava and Lithophyllum okamurae, comprising 20.85% (206.75 $g/m^2$) and 19.64% (194.75 $g/m^2$), respectively, of the total algal biomass in Jeju Island. The vertical distribution of subtidal seaweeds was represented by L. okamurae at 5 m depth, C. coactum at 10 m depth, E. cava at 5-10 m depth and P. capensis at the 20 m depth level. In the present study, crustose coralline algae, which predominated on barren ground, were subdominant species at all study sites. Community indices varied between 0.51-0.63 for dominance index (DI), 5.53-8.14 for richness index (R), 0.51-0.63 for evenness index (J'), and 2.04-2.32 for diversity index (H'). On the basis of seaweed biomass and community indices, Sinchang was the best preserved coastal area, showing maximal values in biomass, and evenness- and diversity-indices, and minimal value in the dominance index, representing stable environmental conditions. In contrast, the Onpyung and Topyeong sites, located near tourist venues such as Udo and Seogwipo were relatively poor habitats based on community indices and biomass. The present results could imply that climate changes alter seaweed community structure, and long-term monitoring of the study sites is required.