• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Climate in the year of 2000 was characterized as a long severe drought in tile spring, unusually high and low temperature in summer, two times of typoons, and floods by heavy rains in fall. Rice leaf and panicle blast and bacterial grain rot occurred severely comparing with 1999 and Bipolaris leaf spot spread over tile country. Phytophthora blight and anthracnose in red-pepper became epidemic especially in the late season causing severe yield losses. Tomato fusaruim wilt, CGMMV, powdery mildew, and sudden wilt syndrom of cucurbits and strawberry powdery mildew were also severe in 2000. In garlic, sclerotium rot occurred severely mainly due to the frequent rainfalls in planting time and much snowfalls in 1999's winter. Spring potato had severe infection of viruses due to a long spring drought, and fall potato had high incidence of bacterial soft rot and bacterial wilt due to fall floods by heavy rains. In sweet potato fusarium wilt was the most severe as in other year. Disease incidence of apple and pear trees was rotatively mild compared with previous years. In wheat and barley, Gibberella petch rarely occurred because of spring drought.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.27-44
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• 2010

In order to setup the diet guideline of five grains, five meats, five fruits, and five vegetables for the diseases of five organs, I reviewed the their tastes by comparing "Naekyeong" with "Euhakibmun", "Dongeuibogam". 'Ma(麻)' in "Naekyeong" means not a hemp, a ramie or a jute, but a sesame(胡麻;참깨). 'Maik(麥)' in it means both a barley(大麥;보리) and a wheat(小麥;밀). 'Guak(藿)' in it means bean leaves(콩잎), leaves of a red-bean(팥잎) or brown seaweed(海藻;미역). 'Gyu(葵)' in "Euhakibmun Jangbujobun(臟腑條分)" is a miswritten word for 'Welsh onion' caused by similarity of shape of word. Food of a salty taste according to five elemental arrangement in "Naekyeong" is really salty according to "Euhakibmun" and "Dongeuibogam". But a barley(大麥) and a wheat(小麥) of sour taste are bitter, a chicken of sour taste or hot taste is sweet, nonglutinous millet of sour taste is sweet, an apricot of bitter taste is hot, a sesame seed of sweet taste is sour, a nonglutinous rice of hot taste is sweet, and a horsemeat of hot taste is bitter according to them. There are two ways to recommend the food for diseases of five organs. One way is to promote or control the Qi(氣) of five organs according to "Somun(素問)" and "Euhakibmun Jangbujobun", the other way is to build up the Yin(陰血) of five organs according to "Yungchu(靈樞) five tastes(五味)". The two different ways are not contradictory to each other, but complement on the view point of their substances(體) or actions(用).

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 1986

As a part of study on prevention from aflatoxin contamination of food and agricultural products, the effects of chloroform extract of various vegetables on the growth and the aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus R-716 were investigated. Among 15 vegetables tested, garlic, zinger. radish and cabbage were effective in inhibiting the growth of the strain, but eggplant and lettuce slightly accelated. Even though mycelial growth was permitted, 4 vegetables inhibited aflatoxin production in the order of radish, zinger, crown daisy and cabbage, on the contrary, edible burdock and red pepper increased. Especially radish was shown to reduce the aflatoxin production per mycelial weight most. With the addition of chloroform extract equivalent 30g of raw radish on solid media of rice and barley, aflatoxin production of the strain was also inhibited about $80\%$ (484ug, 191ug) of that produced in the control (1796ug, l049ug).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Among the plant specimens requested from agricultural actual places of farmers, Agency of agricultural extension services and so forth for the diagnosis of plant virus diseases in 2009, the rate of crop types was 87.5% for vegetables, 4.0% for upland crops and 3.5% for orchids. In vegetables, the crops damaged severely by viral diseases were red pepper and tomato by the infection rate of 51.6% and 26.5%, orderly. Virus species occurring vegetables were 19 and the economically important viruses were Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) with the infection rate of 33.2%, 16.9%, 16.1% and 7.4%, respectively. Rice stripe virus (RSV) occurred at the whole areas of west coast in Korea in 2009, and its incidence was 14.2% mainly on the susceptible cultivars and yield loss was estimated up to 50%. TYLCV was spread at 34 areas of Si and/or Gun, 22 areas in 2009 and 12 in 2008. Distribution of TSWV was expanded newly in 6 areas of Si and/or Gun including Gangryung, Gangwondo in 2009, and its occurrence areas were 23 Si and/or Gun after first incidence at Anyang area in 2004. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) was incited newly at Gimcheon area in 2009 with the infection rate of 65.2%, and its soil transmission rate was 55.0% in average.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.559-563
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• 2010

The representation of color with natural dyes is closely related with the modern well-being life. This study is focused on the representation of target color of the blue, yellow, and red color system, these color sources were originated from the green tea, gardenia, and black rice respectively. The quantitative numerical value of brightness (L), color coordinates (a, b) were designated for the target color, the optimum color nearest to the target value was extracted with the solvent pH, temperature, and extraction time. The longer the extraction time had more thickening color in case of the gardenia. The L-a-b coordinate of extracted color were analyzed with the color difference meter and compared with the target color. The experimental variables were optimized to extract the color of the smallest ${\Delta}E$ with the target color. As a result, the CIE standard value was proposed and the color was represented.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Benzo(a)pyrene is a highly toxic substance which has been listed as a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. There have been numerous studies by researchers worldwide on benzo(a)pyrene. Soxhlet, ultrasound-assisted, and liquid-liquid extractions have been widely used for the analysis of benzo(a)pyrene. However these extraction methods have significant drawbacks, such as long extraction time and large amount of solvent usage. To overcome these disadvantages, we aimed to establish a rapid residual analysis of benzo(a)pyrene content in agricultural products and soil samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was used as the pretreatment procedure. For rapid residual analysis of benzo(a)pyrene, a modified QuEChERS method were used, and the best codition was demonstrated after various performing instrument analysis. The extraction efficiency of this method was also compared with Soxhlet extraction, the current benzo(a)pyrene extracting method. Although both methods showed high recovery rates, the rapid residual analysis method markedly reduced both the measurement time and solvent usage by approximately 97% and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we suggest the rapid residual analysis method established through this study, faster and more efficient analysis of residual benzo(a)pyrene in major agricultural products such as rice, green and red chili peppers and also soil samples.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 2000

A rapid and efficient assay to determine melanin biosynthesis inhibition of Magnaporthe grisea, a causal agent of the rice blast, by chemicals was developed. Wells in 24-well plates were loaded with spore suspension of the fungus and three known melanin biosynthesis inhibitors of KC10017, tricyclazole, and carpropamid. Subsequent color changes of mycelia and culture media in the wells were observed 7 days after incubation. The wells treated with KC10017 (an inhibitor of polyketide synthesis step and/or pentaketide cyclization step) became colorless, whereas tricyclazole (an inhibitor of 1, 3, 8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase) or carpropamid (an inhibitor of scytalone dehydratase)-treated wells exhibited red color. They did not show any inhibitory effect on fungal growth. The inhibition of reaction steps prior to 1, 3, 6, 8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene formation was easily determined by colorless medium and mycelia. However, it was impossible to distinguish between inhibition of reduction steps and inhibition of dehydration steps by colors of the cultures. It was accomplished through HPLC analysis of the melanin biosynthesis-involving pentaketide metabolites accumulated by the inhibitors. Through screening of a number of synthetic chemicals using the in vitro assay, we could find a novel chemical group of melanin biosynthesis inhibitor.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.143-162
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• 1972

Based on the concentration of $^{40}K$ naturally occurring radioisotope of potassium, a method for the determination of total potassium in soils and plants was developed. The method was extended to evaluate the potassium supplying power of soils by taking the ratio of exchangeable potassium to total potassium $(K_{ex}/K_t)$, termed the potassium buffering capacity. Using this as index, it was observed that the release of potassium from soil fellows the from order reaction. A linear relationship was found between the potassium buffering capacity and the release constant of potassium or mica content of the clay. Similarly the potassium buffering capacity was also closely correlated with total uptake of potassium by rice plant. Hence it is concluded that the method for determining of the potassium buffering capacity could be veil applied to characterize the potassium availability of soils. The method for the determination of potassium is characterized by (1) The efficient measurement of the weak beta activity emissions from the samples, (2) identification of $^{40}K$, (3) calculation of total potassium content using the proportional constant of $^{40}K$ of samples to that of the standard. Difference in the potassium supplying power of soils due to soil types was also evaluated with the use of this technique. The degree of the potassium supplying power was in the order of soil types as red-yellow podzolic and lateric soils, basaltic materials(Rvd)> low-humic gley and alluvial soils, alluvial plains and food plains(Apa)> low-humic gley soils, nearly level to sloping local alluvial plains and slopes(Afb)> low-humic gley and alluvial soils, fluvio-marine plains (Fma).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2002

The quality characteristics of traditional Kyungsangdo Myungtae (Alaska pollack) sikhae including optimal composition of the product were investigated. In the sensory evaluation, the Myungtae sikhae made from Gampo accepted to be best for traditional Kyungsangdo Myungtae sikhae and it is called standard sikhae. The standard sikhae was prepared as follows: dried-Myungtae 200g, cooked rice 230g, red pepper 92g, garlic 112g, ginger 100g, radish 1.6kg, salt 20g, and malt meal 65g. The Myungtae sikhae made from Gampo showed higher values in total sugar, free reducing sugar, and nitrogen compounds than the Myungtae sikhae made from another locations. The sugar of standard sikhae consisted of four kinds including glucose. And, the contents of free amino acid was increased in the order of glutamic acid, alanine, and methionine. The composition of free amino acid in Myungtae sikhae contained 17 kinds, and the contents was increased in order of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and proline. The organic acid of standard Myungtae sikhae consisted of 7 kinds including lactic acid during fermentation. The contents of citric acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid gradually increased during fermentation, and especially, increasing of lactic acid remarkably increased than the different organic acid.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

The essential oil free needles, which were left after distillation of essential oil from various coniferous needles, were fermented with food waste organics in order to use as compost and roughage. Microorganisms for the fermentation were selected from domestic sources such as swine compost, bark compost, and kimchi, etc, and consisted of aerothermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes. The weight reduction ratio of food waste organics treated with the microorganisms was 90% after 30 days treatment, and the fermentation temperature was kept at approximately $45^{\circ}C$. The compost process was really slow due to chemical compounds derived from needles, and it finally took 60 days for complete compost. When 10% of needle compost was mixed with soil for radish growth, the growth indicators such as leaf length and root weight were increased compared with control, while root weight, root width, and root length were inhibited on the addition of 20% needle compost. The nutrient value and digestibility ratio of various essential oil free needles as roughage for ruminant animals were evaluated. The ratio of crude protein for essential oil free needles from Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) was 10.02%, which was higher than those of rice straw(5.48%) and corn(9.00%). The digestibility ratios of essential oil free needles from Sawara cypress(Chamaecwaris pislfera), Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis), and Japanese Red Pine(Pinus densiflora) was 53%, 34%, 34%, respectively, indicating that those essential oil free needles were considered as excellent roughage.